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The healthcare industry is recently one of the most promising areas due to the growth of the aging population, longer life expectancy and increasing chronic patients, which means potential demands for healthcare services. However, at the same time, healthcare organizations face to problems such as low productivity and efficiency, extremely long waiting time and medical incident issues. Hence, healthcare organizations have been implementing innovation techniques such as TPM(Total Productive Maintenance), TQM(Total Quality Management) and QI(Quality Improvement). Lean process is recently introduced and widely used to increase the efficiency and patient’s satisfaction of a hospital. Lean process was originally developed by Toyota as an improvement approach to reducing non-value-adding activity and improving flow within a system. The purpose of this study is to find key factors of lean process and examine the relationship between lean process and employee satisfaction of a hospital. Statistical analysis is carried out on the 210 samples obtained from hospital employees. Questionnaires have been collected during two weeks in November of 2015. Smart PLS 3.0 and SPSS 22.0 have been utilized for deriving the results. We first identify three factors for the lean process such as innovation-oriented factor, employee management factor and resources management factor and find that these factors have statistically positive effects on the lean process of healthcare service. We also find positive and significance relationship between lean process and employee satisfaction.

This paper theoretically reviews the researches about the effects of environmental regulations on economic performances. According to the previous researches, we propose that environmental regulations affect industrial economic performances through three channels: export, foreign direct investment, and innovative activities. We collected the related data over the period of 1997-2009 from 14 industries in Korea. The emission amounts of the eight kinds of pollutants were used to calculate the pollutant index as the measure of stringency of environmental regulations. We used the simultaneous equations model and the 3SLS method to solve the endogenous problems between the variables. The results indicated that environmental regulations negatively affect industrial economic performances through export channels. Environmental regulations have insignificant effects on inflow FDI. Although environmental regulations motivate companies to increase R&D investments, it does not influence industrial economic performances through R&D investments. In the future, Korean government should implement various policies of environmental regulations, reinforce economic policies and soft policies to enhance efficiency and flexibility.

There are various studies on the relationship between labor productivity, employment, and wage. First, the relationship between labor productivity and employment can be explained by the relative size of substitution effect and compensation effect. In other words, when the improvement in the labor productivity comes from the technological innovation, it will substitute labor so that employment falls. On the other hand, improvement in the labor productivity causes the prices of goods and services to fall and increases demand for those goods and services. It will therefore increase demand for labor in those industries. Second, the real business cycle theory argues that productivity shock will have a positive effect on employment. However, Gali(1999) argues that productivity shock lowers the marginal production cost while, because of the price rigidity, demand for goods does not change. As a result, firms reduce the number of worker employed from a rise in the labor productivity. Finally, Chang et al.(2009) note that, even when there is a price rigidity, technology shock may increase employment if it is less costly to hold inventories. In sum, whether a rise in labor productivity on employment is positive or not is subject to empirical investigation. The paper utilizes panel vector autoregressive (VAR) model to compare the effects of labor productivity shocks on employment, proxied by the total hour worked, and wages between manufacture industries and service industries. The results show that labor productivity shocks in the manufacturing sectors have positive effects on employment while those in the service sectors have negative effects on employment. Labor productivity shocks in both in manufacturing and service industries cause wages to rise. However, the wage rise is higher in the manufacturing industries than services industries in response to labor productivity shocks. A rise in employment in the manufacturing sector and a fall in employment in the service sector in response to a labor productivity shock can be explained by two different theories. First, our results support that the compensation effect is greater than the substitution effect in the manufacturing sector while the compensation effect is less that the substitution effect in the service sector. Second, because holding inventories are less costly in the manufacturing sector, labor productivity shock increases employment in the manufacturing sector while it lowers employment in the service sector.

This study examined the relationships among person-organization fit, person-job fit, and service behavior by employees in customer-contacted function. This study also examined mediating mechanisms of social exchange with organization and job involvement. We introduced ASA(attraction-selection-attrition) model to explain the relationship between independent variables and a dependent variable. We also introduced social exchange theory and JD-R model to explain the mediating effect of social exchange with organization and job involvement. To examine hypotheses, we collected the data from 204 flight crews in a large airlines of South Korea. The results of regression analysis showed that flight crews’ person- organization fit and person-job fit were positively related to flight crews’ service behavior. The results also showed that flight crews’ person-organization fit was positively related to their social exchange with organization, and that flight crews’ person-job fit was positively related to their job involvement. Finally, the results also showed that flight crews’ social exchange with organization and job involvement were positively related to their service behavior. Consequently, two variables of flight crews’ fit were not only directly related to service behavior, but also indirectly related to service behavior through social exchange with organization and job involvement respectively. This study found the positive relationships among customer-contacted employees’ person-organization fit, person-job fit, and service behavior in service firms. This results showed the importance of cultural and psychological control system to customer-contacted employees in service firms. This study also found the mediating effects of social exchange with organization and job involvement to the relationships among person-organization fit, person-job fit, and service behavior. This results showed the mediating mechanisms for the relationship between person-environment fits and service behavior. We also discussed limitations and further research directions.

Most studies on factors affecting the motivation of giving are focused on the areas such as inner motivation of individual donors and demographic analysis of donors. These studies provide frameworks for the analysis of who donates but have limitation explaining in who contributed to some issues. In this study, the effects of the problem recognition of social issues, constraint recognition, and involvement recognition on situational problem-solving motivation and the effect of situational problem-solving motivation on donation intention were analyzed. The results of this study indicated that problem recognition and involvement recognition on social issues have a significantly positive effect on situational problem-solving motivation, and constraint recognition have a significantly negative effect on situational problem-solving motivation. Also, It was found that situational problem-solving motivation has significantly positive effect on giving motivation as a mediating variable. This research has importance in finding out that giving intention can be analyzed not only as an inherent characteristic but also as situational variables such as problem recognition, constraint recognition, and involvement recognition. The results can be useful for nonprofit organizations, especially newly emerging nonprofit organizations dealing social issues such as environment, art, and culture, etc., that are less likely to appeal to one’sympathy. They can segment prospect donors by the degree of situational recognition and plan fundraising strategies for the purpose of solving social issues and lead better productivity. Nonprofit organizations can adopt strategies to increase the public awareness of problem and issue involvement and decrease constraint recognition by eliminating institutional barriers to give.

Prior studies relying on voluntary disclosure theory and, alternatively, legitimacy theory report contrasting results for the relation between environmental disclosure and environmental performance, and as such, we attempt to determine which theoretical base appears to capture the specific associations we investigate. Especially, we investigate how environmental information voluntarily disclosed by Korean firms relates to the companies’ underlying ecological performance. Disclosure is scored using an index developed by Wiseman (1982), Cho and Patten (2007), and Clarkson et al. (2008, 2011) based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Guidelines and the environmental performance measure is based on TRI (toxics release inventory) emission data available from the National Institute of Chemical Safety (NICS). The sample consists of 31 Korean manufacturing firms (62 firm-year) disclosing environmental information voluntarily, and with TRI and CO2 emissions and financial data available for both 2010 and 2014. The findings are as follows. First, descriptive statistics indicate that there was modest improvement in environmental performance between 2010 and 2014, while tests of differences in mean and median values on the remaining variables are statistically insignificant at conventional levels. Second, the results consistently indicate that the quantity and quality of environmental disclosure is positively associated with environmental performance (TRI reduction). These results suggest firms with good environmental performance disclose a greater magnitude of environmental information. The results also hold for different types of environmental information that may more directly impact TRI emissions reductions. Our findings thus provide evidence in support of the voluntary disclosure theory arguments. Third, the results do not find that firms with lower emissions (and there by better environmental performance) in fact rely relatively more on hard environmental disclosures than do firms with greater emissions(poorer environment performance). Fourth, results show that there is no differences in the use of non-monetary disclosures across firms from environmentally sensitive industries, and for firms from environmentally non- sensitive industries, monetary environmental disclosures are higher for worse environmental performers than for better environmental performers. In general, our findings provide additional evidence that companies do appear to use financial report environmental disclosures as a voluntary disclosing tool. However, given the positive relation we document between environmental performance and the magnitude of disclosed environmental information, it appears that, at least in the Korean setting, firms are more concerned with improving environmental performance than enhancing their environmental image.

In recent year, mobile technologies have opened possibilities for sharing personal information and communicating with other people by online networks anytime, anywhere, anyplace. In order to realize the market potential related to mobile technologies, a large number of internet services such as instant messaging(IM) and social networking service(SNS) have been incorporated into mobile platforms. Especially, MIM(Mobile Instant Messenger) market has been growing rapidly. Despite of rapid growth in MIM market, there are little empirical studies on MIM and users' behaviors. The purpose of this study is to examine if there is relationship between users' personal psychological factors(loneliness and self-esteem), motives for using MIM, and self- disclosure in KakaoTalk which is the most popular MIM in Korea. We builded hypotheses based on use and gratification theory(U&G theory) and prior researches on SNS and IM. To test hypotheses, the study collected date from three hundred and fifty one(351) undergraduate students who use KakaoTalk. We used structural equation modeling analysis, and the results of analysis revealed that (1) self-esteem and loneliness affected social and hedonic motives for using MIM significantly, (2) social motives for using MIM significantly influenced self-disclosure intention in MIM, (3) self-esteem and loneliness affected self-disclosure intention in MIM directly. However, hedonic motives and utilitarian motives for using MIM did not impact self-disclosure. Lastly, user's self-esteem and loneliness were not related to utilitarian motives for using MIM significantly. Limitations are discussed and we suggested theoretical as well as practical implication of this research.

This study analyzed the strategy and case of E-mart’s win-win growth through overseas markets. Past several years E-mart operated a program in which E-mart and cooperative company can grow together through win-win growth program. They selected win-win growth strategy as an effective strategy to adapt to changing distribution market and to solve the problem, and conducted extensive win-win growth programs such as business promotions, financial support, academic assistance, management counseling. Then recently, going one step further, E-mart is introducing a joint program to develop products with smaller maker and crack the overseas market. Because E-mart has an abundant experience and knowledge for distribution markets, through collaboration between smaller maker and E-mart, They acquired a channel of local cooperative company-E-mart-Korean smaller maker. For example, the first E-mart store which is recently open in Vietnam gobap, launched for being successful through thorough localization of the operating products, deployment of circulation a store right in Vietnam consumption patterns and manpower to optimize the operation in Vietnam business. Through these, 54 Korean small and medium companies are exporting totaled 296 items. The first E-mart store following the second one planning to open until the end of the year, according to the success or failure of Vietnam market, E-mart plans to increase overseas expansion to Mongolia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia. E-mart’s win-win growth program suggests following implications to distribution industry. First, it transformed the relationship between large distribution company and smaller supplier company from Gab and Eul to partnership. Second, through dual system, E-mart and small and medium company can conduct a flexible and effective overseas expansion. Third, in the perspective of win-win cooperation and creating shared value, this is a meaningful case. Substitution of this study is as follows. First, strategic guidance provided to companies seeking to advance into overseas markets. Second, it provided guidance that can improve the government support system to small businesses.

Development of science and technology is the driving force for the creation of economic value and growth of a country. However, the positive effect of the technology has inherently the potential to cause unintended adverse effects such as environmental problems, ethical problems. Therefore, considering the minimization of negative effects of the technology from the initial stage of technology development is important to emphasize as much as to maximize the benefits of the technology. In particular, modern society began to understand the birth and evolution of technologies into a sort of social phenomenon, the interests of the general public in science and technology was high, and thus social consensus about the positive and negative impacts of science and technology has become an important element in the technology planning stage. Korean government has recently recognized the importance of the climate technologies as part of the solution of the climate change issue and has promoted a national plan to develop them. However, while the climate technology is perceived as technical solution for solving climate change problems, there are also opinions that it can lead to other environmental problems. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure the environmental sustainability of the climate technology without identifying the potential threat of the technology and also having to establish a countermeasure as well. The purpose of this study are what are negative factors that need to be improved in order to ensure the environmental sustainability for the fuel cell in addressing climate change and to propose the policies to minimize it. For this purpose, this study reviewed papers regarding discussions related environmental performance of the fuel cell and environment impact assessment as well. In addition, this study conducted a life cycle assessment of fuel cell based on Korean local data, and proposed policies to improve the environmental sustainability of the fuel cell. As a result of LCA, this study was drawn in two policy directions of 'greening of hydrogen production methods' and 'recycling of raw materials and products of the fuel cell'.