Earticle

This paper tries to find the fair method to correct the distortion of managerial efficiency ratio of public libraries on the base of 2009 data book. The performance evaluation process may be not full and complete without considering uncontrollable variable or exogeneous environmental factors. In this paper, Hierarchical DEA is used to control shortly uncontrollable input factors which represents the difference of size. In the first step, An efficiency ratio calculated. For the second step, Tobit model was applied to find out the factors interested has a significant effects on efficiencies. After recognizing the significant influence of variable, Hierarchical DEA was applied to that factor. It was found that new efficiencies score deriven was retested by Tobit model to check up the changes. The final results showed that we could mitigate the effect of shortly uncontrollable size effects significantly. This means that the analysis can go deep into real substances and make an management evaluation fair by repressing the effects of the short term uncontrollable variable factors.

The rapid growth of Internet-based E-business has changed industrial competition substantially in this century. Corporations are able to create new business opportunities and strengthen their relations with customers and suppliers to provide better services than competitors and gain a more competitive edge through E-business. Therefore, the investment in E-business is not optional but mandatory for corporations to remain competitive and survive in the market. However, many companies still fall far behind global competition as they are located in countries with poor infrastructures for E-business. Mongolia was reviewed for this study, which resulted in the findings that the country still has underdeveloped E-business infrastructures in terms of the establishment and use of E-business systems compared to the global average. The purpose of this study is to make a comparative analysis of purpose and outcomes of E-business for Mongolian companies in order to contribute to the development of E-business in Mongolia. The results of the study demonstrated that Mongolian companies are adopting and using E-business systems much better than expected, except for partnerships. The companies have poor partnership systems as corporate cooperation is not firmly established due to the underdeveloped E-business industry in Mongolia.

This study shows that productivity and economic growth are related closely in most target countries, and demographic changes and labor market conditions are also identified as major variables for economic growth. Since 2000‘s, the demographic and labor market factors have been more emphasized as inhibition factor of Korean economic growth than in the past. In 2000's, with decrease in productivity improvement, employment growth rate have also not been able to reach half of 1980's. This reveals that negative effects from substitution effects of productivity improvement has descended while positive effects from compensation effects of productivity improvement has relatively decreased more. However Korea shows still higher substitution effects and compensation effects in comparison internationally in 2000's.

This study investigates empirically the relationship between firm performance measures and CEO changes. Analyses were carried out using 6,071 observations of firms listed in the Korea Stock Exchange during the period 1999-2010. The firm performance measures used in this study includes a number of financial ratios representing profitability, asset turnover and financial structure. The mean analysis and the logit analysis were employed to test hypotheses. This paper concludes that bad firm performance measures result in CEO changes. This result suggests that CEO turnovers are affected by various financial performances. Further, we find that owner CEOs are less likely to be replaced than professional CEOs when firm performance is relatively poor. Further, analyses report that CEO turnovers more frequently occur from professional CEOs to owner CEOs when firms have relatively good performance. These findings suggest that in Korea corporate governance may not still function appropriately when owners dominate corporate policy.

The purpose of the study is to measure efficiency and meta-technology ratio for the manufacturing industries of Korean South-Eastern area and Japanese Kyushu area under regional technology, pooling technology, and meta-technology based on stochastic frontier function. The study mainly focused on the main growth factors of two areas, the leading area of meta-frontier, and the distributions of two area's meta-technology ratios. The production of Korean South-Eastern area mostly depended on the physical inputs, whereas that of Japanese Kyushu area relied on technology progress. Two areas reported the similar levels of regional technical efficiency but, Korean South-Eastern area leaded meta-frontier with relatively high meta technical efficiency. The meta-technology ratios in South-Eastern area are close to 1 with small standard deviation, while those in Kyushu area are far away from 1 with large standard deviation.

The use of Multi-Load AGV (AGV capable of simultaneously transport two Lots with different pick-up and drop-off points) that can significantly enhance operation efficiency of the conventional AGV (Single-Load AGV able to only handle one Lot at a time) is increasing. However, indices for the transportation of Multiple-Load AGV Lot remain unchanged from those for the conventional Single-Load AGV carrying a single Lot, resulting in difficulties to accurately analyze transportation effectiveness of Multiple-Load AGV and troubles to use the indices as a mean to set future direction for additional research. This paper proposes indices to understand transportation and operation effectiveness of Multiple-Load AGV, and based on the new indices, presents a calculation algorithm. Furthermore, it compares the results of the old index calculation method with the new one to analyze the effectiveness of improved algorithm.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between pseudodiagnosticity bias and effective managerial decision making. Especially, the current research focused on the influence of the representation format of pseudodiagnosticity task on the occurrence of the pseudodiagnosticity bias. The results of this study are as below. First, the pseudodiagnosticity bias was decreased in the representation format of frequency rather than the probability. Second, the pseudodiagnosticity bias was decreased in the representation format of picture rather than the probability. Third, in the representation format of probability, the pseudodiagnosticity bias was decreased when the level of product knowledge was high relative to low. The practical implications was provided on the base of these results.

In this paper, we test the absolute and conditional convergence hypothesis by using the data of 16 metropolitan city and provinces since 2000 for confirming convergence of the regional income disparities. The results show that the absolute convergence hypothesis can be applied but the conditional convergence hypothesis cannot be applied with regional income disparities between the capital and non-capital regions. This is because regional disparities of the capital in steady state are different by applying conditional convergence. Because of the productivity divergence in service industries, regional income disparities have widened. Hence the government has to revise the balanced regional development policy to develop regional service industries rather than manufacturing industries for balanced regional development.

This study employs an input-output (I-O) analysis to examine the effect of gas industry on the national economy, in particular on the climate change policy of Korea. The paper, therefore, has two major goals. The first is to develop a static I-O framework for exanmining the effect of gas industry in the short run. The second goal is to obtain at least a preliminary indication of the effect of the gas industry on Korean economy. The overall results indicate that a significant influence on the industrial production in Korea and hence the climate change policy. We also suggest some policy implications for the building of the climate change policy of Korea.

According to a Korea Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, the world pharmaceutical market in 2009 is about 8,370 billion dollars, to be worth 925 trillion won were analyzed. In addition, by 2010 the world's 10 largest pharmaceutical market in the world pharmaceutical companies accounted for more than 40% of total revenue. Domestic pharmaceutical market by 2010 about 17 trillion won will be evaluated, that portion of the production of approximately 14 trillion, one trillion parts exports, imports accounted for part 2 trillion won. The first half of this year, sales of domestic pharmaceutical companies looked at operating profit and net profit, revenue decline and showed for the first time ever. This is due to government regulation of the powerful pharmaceutical industry, high-strength medicine was acting as the primary cause cuts, increased competition with global pharmaceutical companies, expanding FTA between countries, including lack of experience in global drug combination. and the uncertainty of business environment is considered. Business managers in the uncertainty of business environment are needed to improve operational efficiencies and productivity improvement. This study of the pharmaceutical industry, these companies meet the changing business environment, assess the efficiency and productivity and management improvement to provide information for the quantitative empirical analysis was conducted. The findings derived from empirical analysis of individual pharmaceutical companies, along with financial indicators to determine the company's efficiency and productivity and could be the basis for the pharmaceutical industry on government policy and the global pharmaceutical industry for the long-term Master Plan.

This study examined the influence of customer's self regulatory focus (prevention focus vs. promotion focus) and Attribution (internal vs. external) on impulsively made purchases. We collected 314 data from both online survey and offline survey. A regression analysis has conducted to investigate the relationship between customer's post purchase regret and two independent variables. The results show that customers with the prevention focus show more post purchase regret. Also, customers who have tendency of external attribution experienced higher level of regret.

We examined about the eco-cars and the architecture strategy of Toyota motors. Toyota took a stance that they would make Toyota hybrid system(THS) as a global standard eco-car. The strategy came from the severe competition on the eco-car architectures. But Toyota’s intend did not come true. The competitors make their own hybrid systems and even Nissan launched pure EV(battery based electric vehicle, BEV) or GM launched plug-in hybrid car. The competition will be happen between the two great powers. One is a car manufacturer, Toyota. Toyota has a lot of cash to invest on the fuel cell car, and indeed has been investing for a long time. Ant the other is China as a market power. China has been showing a lot of signals to focus on battery car for a recent years. And China has white gold little which is a main material of fuel cell, but has a lot of Lithium which is a main material of Li-ion battery. Toyota is taking a new strategy to make leading battery car makers non-profitable. It is to supply proved chassis to Tesla, the venture making battery cars. But the strategy will be also failed partly, because it will make the battery car popular. One more point is disruptive technology issue. BEV can destroy the traditional automobile industry, for it is a disruptive technology.

This Study explores the fuzzy front end of New product Development projects for successful commercialization in Korea. Korean government has been continuously increasing R&D investment budget by 10% since 2000. But it still needs a lot in terms of converting results of R&D to actual products or services thus creating values added. This study aims to reveal which stage of product development should be managed with regard to connecting new product development projects of Korean manufacturing companies with successful commercialization. In this study it turns out that enhancing intensity of planning and reducing market and technical uncertainty greatly improve successful new product development. According to the result, it turns out that the reduction of market and technical uncertainty at the Fuzzy Front End is positive impact in terms of effectiveness but negative impact in terms of efficiency. And it is found that the intensity of planning before the development is positive in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. The efficiency of new product development does not positively impact on the effectiveness of new product development.