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The research of the relationship between charismatic leadership and the organizational social capital analyzed and proved the moderating effect of the attitude of followers in the relationship. The survey is based with the theory of antecedent research, and 500 military leaders participated. As a self reporting questionnaires process, a problem of common method bias can be raised. However, there was no concern in the research by testing the single factor analysis suggested by Podsakoff. As a result, there was significant effect of the charismatic leadership on the organizational social capital. Also, moderated regression analysis and other complement methods were enforced to prove the moderating effect of followership. In result, the influence of the charismatic leadership on the cumulation of social capital increased as the followers’ attitude become active. To complete the mission of organization, the accumulation of organizational social capital is the resource of contribution to the outcome of task. Thus, the implication for organizations has significance that both the followers and the leadership to form trust, norms, and networks as the elements of organizational social capital are important in active attitude as followers. There is limitation in generalizing because the surveys offered by military leaders with one shot method. Therefore, the solutions such as longitudinal study to solve the problems of research in one shot survey will be needed.

The burgeoning literature on ways in which human resource management might lead to superior organizational performance and productivity includes reference to high commitment management, high involvement work practices, and high performance systems. While there are a number of theoretical and empirical research suggests that these management practices are not the same constructs and dimensions, a common point is the HR practices assumed causal link to organizational performance via the responses of employees. There were many attempts to identify the effectiveness of such HR system and practices, among which a few research has performed in order to improve our understanding of mediating variables inside the 'black box' of the firms. This research is aimed to reveal the mediator roles of organizational trust and psychological empowerment on the relationship between high involvement HR system and employee commitment in relations to organizational commitment and change commitment. For this purpose, 278 employees who joined any public and private organizations completed the questionnaires and LISREL was employed. The findings are: Firstly, The empirical findings of the effects of the high commitment HR system on the organizational productivity in terms of commitment to organization and change were not supported. Secondly, the mediators of organizational trust and psychological commitment were predicted from the high commitment HR system. Moreover, mediator roles of organizational trust and psychological empowerment on the relationship between high commitment HR system and organizational productivity were confirmed. Finally, some implications are included.

The rapidly changing business environment causes many problems to be solved. Productivity is one of measures in evaluating organizational performance, especially in manufacturing activities. The purpose of this paper is to measure the value-added productivity between Chinese and Korean Iron & Steel Industries, to identify the characteristics and the relationship among key variables affecting the value-added productivity, and to study the alternative policies of productivity improvement elements which increase productivity effectiveness. As a case study, we focus on Korean POSCO(Pohang Iron&Steel Company Limited), and Chinese Baosteel(Baoshan Iron &Steel CO. LTD) the representative Iron & Steel Industries. Our result reveals higher profitability and labor productivity in Korean POSCO than Chinese Baosteel.

Cause Related Marketing(CRM) is a kind of marketing approach in which the amount of money, which is related proportionally to the sales of a certain product or the total sales of a firm, is donated for a certain cause. So CRM has been destined to have the causality problem ; it can be interpreted as either a form of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) aiming at the fund-raising for a cause or a kind of marketing strategy pursuing a increase in sales. This article is focused on measuring the interaction between them and the extent to which the interaction effects are strong. Most existing studies show that the higher the donation level becomes, the more effective CRM gets. It implies that the donation level influences consumers' choice, and that people perceive the donation levels as appropriate. The donation levels that consumers perceive vary in accordance with various factors; for example, product attributes, including product category and price, are the major factors affecting the perception. This article also confirms the attributes and finds out the following; consumers perceive that the donation rate should be higher when CRM is applied to the hedonic products than it is when applied to the utilitarian products. And this article investigates the relation between the price level of the product and consumers' perception on the donation level, and finds out the followings; consumers perceive that the donation rate should be higher when CRM is applied to the comparatively higher price level products than it is when applied to the comparatively lower price level products. The goal of this article is to examine how product attributes (product category, price) and the donation-proposing formats (X-percent of the profits vs. X-percent of the price) influence consumers' perception on the donation level. The answer is simple and quite basic. And finally, we expect that more various researches, which are focused on product attributions, the donation-proposing formats and the consumers' perception, are explored for further studies.

We empirically examine the relation between financial analysts' forecasting accuracy and corporate governance structures of Korean firms, and the stock price impacts of financial analysts' reports for the revisions of target stock prices and investment recommendations. We found the following interesting empirical results. First, analysts' forecasting accuracy is positively related to corporate governance structure. It implies that better governance structures improve management and accounting transparency and information environment for analysts. Second, the improved corporate governance leads to increased forecasting accuracy, probably due to enhanced corporate transparency. Third, the stock price impacts of analysts' revisions also vary by corporate governance structures. Firms with better governance structures have lower CARs. Recently in 2006, however, better governed firms have higher CARs. Fourth, upward revisions of target prices have more positive impact on stock prices than downward revisions, especially for firms with superior governance structures. The similar result is found for stock recommendation revisions. Overall,superior governance structure leads to higher firm valuation, especially in the recent year. So, we suggest that Korean firms should further improve governance structure and transparency in order to increase firm value.

In recent years, increasing attention has been paid on building a successful partnership in Automobile Components Industry. Knowledge exchange among supply chain partners becomes more important in today's business environment. There are two main goals for this study. The first goal is to identify the important factors of 'cooperation relationship'(relation structure and relation behavior) that influence 'knowledge exchange'. The second goal is to investigate the relationship between cooperation relationship, knowledge exchange, and new product development performance. To analyze the validity of research model and the hypotheses, data are collected from the first suppliers of Korean Auto Industry.. The major results of this study are as follows. (1) the transaction dependence positively influences knowledge exchange understanding, (2) the assets dependence positively influences knowledge exchange quality, (3) the communication positively influences knowledge exchange level, (4) the experience sharing positively influences knowledge exchange understanding, (5) knowledge understanding positively influences the effect of cooperative new product development. This study suggests ways to promote collaborative knowledge exchange for new product development performance improvement.

Kanban pull system uses card sets to tightly control work-in-process (WIP) between each pair of workstations. Total system WIP is limited to the summation of the number of cards in each card set. Production occurs at a workstation only if raw material is available and the material has a card authorizing production. This paper showed that kanban-controlled line production system is equivalent to a m-node tandem queue with finite buffers. A max-plus algebra based solution method for the tandem queue was used to find the kanban system performance measures. A numerical example of kanban system with 6 workstations was used to demonstrate the analysis. Two optimization problems were solved: one that determines the minimum number of kanbans with given quality of service levels and one that determines the maximum throughput with given number of kanbans. We also analyzed how sequencing workstation affects the performance measures. The line production system where workstations arranged in decreasing order of their processing times was found to be the best configuration in terms of sojourn time and WIP level. Further studies on non-saturated demand case are needed.

This study defines that the dependent variable, "management innovation outcome" was broadly redefined to include financial , operational, and forecasting outcome. To perform this analysis, we largely classified independent variables into two categories: management innovation infra(MI-Infra) and management innovation(MI). Empirical evidence(GFI&AGFI>0.9,RMSEA<0.08)also support our model, with a focus on the positive relationship among detailed indexes. However, some indexes (leadership, operational process, production facilities, operational output) need to be improved to enhance the explanatory power. This study shows that MI-Infra and MI activities have a positive influence on the management innovation outcome.

This study explores the application of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) for the evaluation of R&D project with the consideration of qualitative performance. DEA is considered as the best methodology for R&D efficiency in that (i) it can consider multiple outputs, (ⅱ) it does not require prior information on the function and (ⅲ) it can provide benchmarking information to improve efficiency. Among previous DEA models, Range Adjusted Measure(RAM) is the most appropriate because (i) it assumes flexible production frontier, (ⅱ) it does not require restriction on the direction of either inputs or outputs and (ⅲ) it can separately consider qualitative performance from quantitative performance. In this study, we applied RAM to the evaluation of R&D project funded by ministry of information and communication.

This research is to examine the fit of Lean Manufacturing Practices in mediating the relationship between manufacturing strategy and manufacturing performance. By examining Lean Manufacturing Practices in relation to manufacturing strategy, the study seek to advanced the understanding of TPS, JIT, TQM in broader context. It also resolved some controversies that appeared in the literature concerning the relationship between functional strategy and manufacturing practices and manufacturing performance. The empirical data for this study was drawn from a survey of 356 middle manager/supervisor from Korean manufacturing firms. The findings indicated that Lean Manufacturing Practices was positively and significantly related to manufacturing strategy, and it partially mediated the relationship between manufacturing strategy and weighted manufacturing performance.

This study is to present characteristics influencing acceptance of u-healthcare in long-term care hospitals that is an important issue of Korean healthcare industry. Research model is developed based on TAM(technology acceptance model) and the proposed model is applied to long-term care hospitals in Korea to identify the u-healthcare acceptance factors of connectivity, compatibility, innovations, and social influence perspectives. Questionnaires have been collected during two months of 2010 and total eighty-six has been considered to be valid. Smart PLS (partial least square) 2.0 and SPSS 15.0 have been utilized for deriving the study results. The study results are analyzed and examined to identify significant factors affecting u-healthcare technology acceptance intention. The study provides healthcare decision-makers and policy-makers with more accurate information that allow them to explore significant managerial insights so as to develop appropriate u-healthcare policy in long-term hospitals.

In this paper, we explore the relationship between soft information and borrowing small firms' economic performances. And we analyse what informations and variables are important to explain firms' defaults. We consider non-financial information as soft information. The data set is made up of financial and non-financial data of small-business firms from 2004 until 2007. We estimate two logit models to explain firms' performance variables and default events using relevant dependent variables such as credit information,soft information, financial information, and other characteristic variables. It turns out that financial information is important to explain firms' performances. Financial information and credit information are statistically significant to explain default events. However, the estimate of the explanatory variable of soft information is statistically significant negative. This implies that soft information is not good enough to explain the default probability. So we need to improve the quality of soft information so that it may be useful and meaningful to explain default events.

Building on previous literature of time management, this article identifies structural and material characteristics as two critical components of time management in the team activities. Data from a multi-informant survey conducted in 149 teams show that a team’s behavioral characteristics of time management have significant effects on team performance. The results indicate that formalized, coordinated, and future-oriented styles of time management have a positive relationship with team performance. This study emphasizes the multidimensional nature of time management, and it helps to explain interteam discrepancies in profiting from managing time.

This research paper was drafted to analyze the effect of Total Factor Productivity and other factors on the economic development in Korea and Japan. If all the statistical data were available for the analysis, it would have been easier to draft this paper. However,this was not the case. Thus, the author had to estimate all the basic data. This effort, however, was indispensable which made this paper truly valuable. The element that exerted most significant effect on the economic development in Korea during the period estimated (1966-2006) was capital investment, which recorded contribution rate of 43.0%, while TFP too manifested significant contribution rate of 26.2% when it comes to the economic development in Korea, which shows that this too exerted significant effect. In case of Japan, however, the element that exerted most significant effect on the economic development during the period of measurement was labor, unlike Korea with the contribution rate reaching up to 112.0%. Contribution rate of the TFP manifested minus value. However, this result is produced when the qualitative element of labor is considered. When simple labor input is considered, contribution rate of the TFP for the economic development in Japan emerged as second most significant element with 7.6%.

This study examined the relationship between contingency factors such as environment uncertainty and organization structure and the level of enterprise informatization. First of all, the IT evaluation framework, which can estimate IT competency, was selected from previous studies related to IT evaluation. 1,003 firm-based survey databased on this framework are collected from Korean 29 industries. All data are classified into four groups according to degree of environment uncertainty and the decentralization of the organization. The difference of IT level of each group is analyzed. In addition, the relationship between the enterprise informatization level and the enterprise performance, and moderate effect for the two factors are verified. As a result, the fact that the informatization of domestic companies reflect the business situation is revealed. Especially, the level of informatization depends on the organization structure(the degrees of decentralization). In addition, the moderate effect of the environment uncertainty for relationship between enterprise informatization level and performance are identified. The results of this research can be important resources for a company to maintain an appropriate level of enterprise informatization. Furthermore, the result suggests that it is important to consider the contingency factors when decisions for information technology investment are made in the company.

The goals of budget and accounting systems in public enterprises are to pursue public welfare and to achieve efficiency and effectiveness. In this sense, this study critically reviews the characteristics of the budget and accounting systems of public enterprises and analyzes the systems focusing on Korea Rural Community & Agriculture Corporation(KRC). This study proposes some suggestions to possibly improve the budget and accounting systems of KRC. First, the unit cost of the budget should be adjusted to accommodate reasonable costs. Second, cost allocation drivers must be economically and feasibly adjusted to account for adequate cost behaviors for each business unit. Third, indirect cost should be evaluated precisely and distributed properly by internal transfer pricing system.

The technology acceptance model has been validated in many different studies. Despite the wide use of the TAM instrument, its validity and measurement equivalence across different respondent subgroups has not been examined. This study tested different levels of invariance analysis on the TAM construct using multigroup CFA in the context of Internet banking acceptance from a measurement productivity perspective. Seven invariance tests were performed. Results showed that TAM construct was invariance of configural loadings, factorial loadings, variance of latent variables, and variance of latent variables across gender. These findings suggested that male and female conceptualized the TAM construct in very similar ways.