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This paper applied methodological procedures used in intra-industry trade literatures to analysis of dynamics in trade performance. Applied to data representing South Korea’ s bilateral trade with 19 countries from 1996 through 2004, this methodological alternative makes possible an intricate understanding of the role of innovation investment on trade performance. The analysis shows that South Korea’s R&D investments focus on price competitiveness in production of less innovative commodities. South Korea's outward FDI seeks market accessibility, while inward FDI seeks efficiency in production where South Korea produces more innovative commodities.

Using the social-environmental performance score from the Korea Economic Justice Institute(KEJI) for the period between 2002 and 2009, this study analyzes the circulation loop of corporate social and environmental performance, productivity, and financial performance, for which the literature provides no conclusive results. This paper shows empirical evidence that firms consistently improving in their social-environmental responsibility are able to gain superior labour productivity. The analyses also show that changes in labour productivity have a positive impact on the improvement of financial performance (ROA, Tobin-q). These results support the theory that corporate social and environmental performance and good management are positively associated. However, this study reports that financial performance does not have an impact on social-environmental performance. Finally, the findings prove that differences exist in the circulation loop of corporate social and environmental performance, productivity, and financial performance with industry characteristics.

IT based information system has a great effect on corporate performance. In particular, it is expected that information sharing and collaboration among transaction partners will be an important factor which mediates introduction of IT and its performance. Under such a background, this research intends to identify the influence of introduction of IT by manufacturing industry on corporate performance through role of the parameter of information sharing and collaboration. The result of this research may be summed up as follows: introduction IT promotes information sharing and collaboration among enterprises, it accelerates integration of supply chain network among enterprises and cooperation. In particular, introduction of IT has a great effect on information sharing. And information sharing has a direct effect on collaboration and performance. However, when we classify corporate performance into the "competitive competency", which is direct performance, and the "overall performance", which is indirect performance, the result of this research is as follows: information sharing has a great effect on the competitive competency, but does not have a meaningful effect on indirect performance. On the other hand, collaboration does not have any effect on the competitive competency, but has a meaningful effect on the overall performance, which is indirect performance. It is necessary to study and analyze additional this result in future.

This paper analyzed the effect of advertisement on firm performance. In order to increase accuracy, we did use advertising expenses per sales rather than advertising costs. Business activity survey data were taken from the National Statistical Office to study the effect. The firm-level data were made through surveying all companies with more than 50 employees and 300 million won capital. In the paper, net profit per employee, ROA, and ROE were used as firm performance variables. We employed 2SLS to solve endogenous problems. The empirical results showed that advertising expenses make negative influence on achievements of companies in the short run. In addition, Herfindahl-Herschman Index which measures industrial concentration influences negatively on the firm performance.

The formation of social network is an important factor which has effect on promotion opportunities and career success. This study, therefore, discusses the comparison of social network characteristics between male and female managers, and analyzes the effect of social network on their career success. In order to adequately analyze, social network was classified into two categories, which are work-related network and friendship-related network, career success was measured two variables, which are job position and career satisfaction. Data were collected through a field study. A total of 304 male and female managers were used for the final analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, male managers have the bigger network size and the higher network status than female managers. On the other hand, female managers have the higher network multiplexity than male managers. Second, work-related network size has a significant effect on job position, friendship-related network size has a positive effect on career satisfaction. In addition, work-related network status was analyzed to have an overall positive effect on job position, while friendship-related network status has no effect on career satisfaction. And network multiplexity is significantly related to job position. Finally, this study has supported that gender can be a moderating variable between network size and career success. In other words, the network size of male managers has no effect on career success, while the network size of female managers has a positive effect on job position and career satisfaction.

This paper treats for the serial-processes of developing various alternatives for a optimal layout and reasonable material handling system based on 4M (Man, Machine, Method, Material) analysis, evaluating solutions or methods for solving the found waste elements, selecting the alternative methods to improve productivity of a real manufacturing line The above evaluating process is executed based on a 3D simulation model or digital factory reflecting the real manufacturing line. Therefore, the above serial process is called a practical technology of intelligent digital factory. In this paper, as a case study, we show an applied example of the practical technology of intelligent digital factory in a real BLU manufacturing line. we develop various alternatives for a optimal layout and reasonable material handling system. At the ending of this paper, we can see the efficiencies and results of various developed alternatives for optimal layout and reasonable material handling system.

To select the best Third-Party Logistics(TPL) transportation suppliers(companies) it is essential to make a trade off between quantitative and qualitative factors. Considering different factors selection of the appropriate companies becomes more complicated. In the study, a Taguchi function is applied to each factor with which a loss can be quantified. For each candidate company the overall Taguchi loss is obtained based upon which the priority for selection is easily determined. Also, we present a mathematical model to calculate the optimal amount of goods to be transported from each of the company selected by the model. The Taguchi method and the model constructed will be used as a practical tool for the efficient decision making.

This paper, from the perspective of firm value and operating performance, analyzes the effect of captal, R&D, and advertising expenditures of the non‐financial firms listed on KOSPI and KOSDAQ market. We evaluate the relation between strategic investment choices measured at the time of going public on the improvement in IPO opreating performance and firm value through cross-sectional regression analysis. The primary findings of our study are summarized in the following way. Using a sample of nonfinancial firms listed on KOSPI and KOSDAQ market over the 1990~2007 period, the test results indicates that the firm valuation of the R&D investments and the capital expenditures increases critically on KOSPI market. Specifically, this paper finds that the coefficient associated with capital expenditures is 1.4791 significantly at 1 percent level, the coefficient associated with lag(capital expenditures) is 0.753 significantly at 1 percent level, and the coefficient associated with lag(R&D expenditures) is 2.306 significantly at 1 percent level. Our study suggests that the managers of IPO issuing firms carefully evaluate their resource allocation decisions during the process of preparing to go public since different areas of investment differ in terms of their impact on operating performance and firm value.

This study empirically analyzes the relationship between collaboration and productivity after examining the level of collaboration between large scaled enterprises and SMEs of Korea with an assessment of collaboration index around the U.S. financial crisis period. For empirical analysis, the relationship map is redesigned two-dimensionally including the value chain and collaborating field showing the work-flow of large scaled enterprises and SMEs. In each cell, the collaboration items are established by using the spot interview. Collaboration index is finally calculated as scoring the collaboration items into the standard value with MAX-MIN method. As a result of measuring collaboration index by using the survey on 125 of large enterprises and 1,000 of SMEs, its level dropped drastically in 2008 compared to that in 2007. Although the level of collaboration has been recovered in 2009 compared to that in 2008, it is still below the level before the U.S. financial crisis period. In addition, it is analyzed that a change of productivity is positively fluctuated in response to changes in the level of collaboration.

A number of studies have examined the relationship between market orientation and business performance. Leadership style has provided an important insight into market orientation. However, despite the importance of the effects of top management leadership on organizational market-orientation in industrial market, few have researched the causal effect between top management leadership and market orientation. This article examines the causal relationship among top management characteristics, market orientation, and business performance, and whether employee characteristics moderate ,fully or partially, the causal relationship using structural equation model in the context of industrial market selling steel material. Support is found for a number of hypothesized structural relations. The findings show that (1) three dimensions of top management leadership (strategic vision, sensitivity to employees' needs, taking personal risk) have significantly positive impact on market orientation, (2) the other two dimensions such as sensitivity to the environment and unconventional behavior don't influence significantly on market orientation, (3) market orientation has significantly positive effect on business performance, and (4) employee characteristics such as department(sales/non-sales)has moderating effects on paths both top management leadership→market orientation and market orientation→business performance. Some implications for enhancing business performance in industrial market are briefly discussed.

This study investigated an human resources outsourcing effects on permanent workers working with temporary employees. Many companies try to deploy employment flexibility to improve organizational competitiveness through 'human resource outsourcing strategy'. Human resource outsourcing can result in various types of human resource composition at the level of work groups. The first type is homogeneous one with only temporary employee or permanent employee. The other one is heterogeneous one with both temporary employee and permanent employee. Temporary employees,' such as dispatch services, have outsourcing services, and internal subcontracting. The use of temporary employment engenders direct and indirect changes to the organization of production manpower. These changes are thought to influence organizational effectiveness, such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment of employees. But we have a few prior researches that human resources outsourcing is a factor to determine organizational effectiveness. Empirical analysis shows that permanent workers could be influenced psychologically, working with temporary workers. In the context of co-working with temporary workers. the job satisfaction or organizational commitment are higher than those of permanent workers in the context of working with no permanent workers. This result implies that company may consider the HR strategies of segmentate the jobs and human resource into core or non-core. core manpower on major duties and handle all subsequent work through outsourcing. But we could have several serious topics to discuss whether human resource strategies should be considered by strategic-economic approach or sociological and ethical perspectives.

This study empirically examines the influence of corporate governance ratings upon managerial investment propensity. Findings are as follows. First, corporate governance ratings have significant negative effects on both the raw and absolute value of yearly corporate capital expenditures. This finding implies that good corporate governance effectively restricts managerial propensity of overinvestment, suggesting that good corporate governance reduces agency problem which stems on information asymmetry between managers and outside shareholders. Consistent with the findings of previous studies, analysis also documents that free cash flows have negative impact on corporate capital expenditures, suggesting that free cash flows are not normally utilized to build manager's empire building. Lastly, leverage working together with free cash flows reduces corporate capital expenditures.

The focus of this study is comparing and analyzing four-year universities and community colleges, public universities and private universities on system, program, humanㆍmaterial infrastructure of organization of Career Center of domestic universities and then suggesting direction that domestic universities should be going to in the future. To do it, this study implemented t-test for analyzing differences between four-year universities and community colleges, public universities and private universities, and consequently the number of enrolled students per employee, job subject and counsel program of enrolled students, proportion of club participation and job application of the unemployed after graduation appeared slightly higher in community colleges than in four-year universities. But in the difference of public universities and private universities, in the employment budget per individual student and job subject and counsel program of enrolled students public universities are somewhat superior to private universities, there is statistically significant difference just only in the proportion of participation of job subject and even though there is little difference, public universities are superior to private universities in the number of students per job application employee, job application of the unemployed after graduation, proportion of club participation of enrolled students.

This study investigated the effects of leader's informational supporting behavior and concerning behavior on employees' unproductive turnover intention. In particular, this study examined employees' job stress and job satisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between leader's informational supporting behavior and employees' unproductive turnover intention, between leader's concerning behavior and employees' unproductive turnover intention. From analyses, the following results were obtained. First, leader's informational supporting behavior and concerining behavior has a significant negative effect on job stress. Second, job stress has a negative effect on job satisfaction. Third, job satisfaction has a significant negative effect on employees' turnover intention. Fourth, leader's informational supporting behavior and concerining behavior has a significant positive effect on job satisfaction. Fifth, leader's informational supporting behavior has a significant negative effect on employees' turnover intention, but leader's concerning behavior has not a significant effect on employees' turnover intention.

The results in this study are summarized as follows : First, in case that the process follows normal distribution, the proposed VSI X - CRL synthetic control chart in detecting process mean shift was performed the most excellently in aspect of statistical performance, regardless of control limit L of CRL/S control chart. Second, Detecting process shift is faster, L value is greater in small shift of process, in case that applies individual control chart, L value may be proposed more than 5 in large shift. Also, L vlaue is proper at 4～6 that detects rapidly the small shift as well as large, in case of VSI X - CRL synthetic control chart in sample size 4 or 5 that uses the most in traditional control chart. Third, in case of process mean shift δ = 1.0σ, when economic optimal parameter of VSI X - CRL synthetic control chart is at L = 5, n = 4, the expense amount is the least. The control parameters of CRL/S control chart are determined as k = 2.239, k = 0.974, d1 = 0.100 and d2 = 1.397. Proposed control chart brings cost-cutting effect of 3.04% control expense less than FSI control chart. Fourth, control cost shows a tendency to increase gradually as increasing λ, parameter of exponential distribution. There is no effect in control limit effect of each control chart by increasing λ, but sampling interval, d1 and d2, goes shortly to reduce time to find special causes. Proposed VSI X - CRL synthetic control chart in this research can use more easily than traditional control chart along with applying run rule and the performance is superior to traditional control chart. It may not be difficult to establish the optimal economic control parameters to apply the practical cost parameters in field.

This paper considers the design problem of assembly lines which are flow oriented production system suitable for mass production. Sine the installation of an assembly line is a midlong-term decision and usually requires large capital investments, it is important that such a system is optimally designed. The simple assembly line balancing problem(SALBP) is allocating tasks to workstations under the cycle time(sum of task times) constraint of each workstation and precedence constraints between tasks. In addition to the basic constraints of SALBP, the generalized assembly line balancing problem(GALBP) considers assignment restrictions such as incompatibilities between tasks, resource(operator) related workstation restriction, etc. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new integer programming model for GABLP. We propose mild constraints and task-task/task-workstation relationship matrices. these are useful for presenting and solving GALBP as more realistic form.