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SCM activities in a company are total activities for efficient integration and cooperation related to production and distribution to satisfy total optimization of the supply chain and customer satisfaction as well. Also, considering it as innovation activities for the survival companies, reducing inventory level and its costs are managed as the key indexes for SCM performance. Recently, the importance of SCM activities in the component suppliers which advanced overseas together with its client company has been emphasized by the request of the product manufacturer due to rapid international expansion of the enterprise resources. Especially, in the electronics industry, the value of product inventory and component inventory is falling sharply because of their short product life cycle and the frequent new model launch. And the part costs due to price negotiation with a product manufacturer also influences the component suppliers’ business. However, the study on the SCM performance and the inventory costs in the component suppliers are insufficient and the definite estimation criteria are also uncertain. In this research, we defined new estimation criteria of the component total inventory cost from the component supplier’s view, considering the supply chain characteristics in electronics industry. In addition, we performed the case study to verify the component total inventory cost’s influence on the business performance by applying the new criteria to four component suppliers that supply key component to global product manufacturer. Consequently, we suggested new estimation criteria on the total inventory costs of the supply chain of the electronics industry related to the product total inventory cost of the product manufacturer defined in the previous study.

In this study, the overall productivity change of the transportation logistics industry is analyzed using the non-parametric method, the first-order stochastic dominance, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. In order to do that, we use “Transportation Survey 2004 and 2014” data provided by Korean Statistical Office. The analysis shows that per capita productivity has increased in the land and pipeline transportation, water transportation, and warehouse and transportation services industries. It is analyzed that productivity per person increases in the land passenger transportation industry and the road freight transportation industry, which are the subdivisions of the land and pipeline transportation industry. However, in the case of the road freight transportation industry, productivity per capita deteriorated at marginal enterprises, which led to suspicions that the various freight industries policies in the 2000s had intensified polarization. The maritime transport industry and the inland water transport and in-port transportation industry, which are sub-sectors of the water transport industry are also found to improve productivity per capita. In addition, the sub-sectors of warehouse and transportation service industries, such as the warehousing and the transportation-related services, are expected to improve productivity per capita in 2014 compared to 2004. Therefore, the per capita productivity of the warehouse and transportation-related service industries also increased in 2014 compared to 2004. As a result of this study, it is found that transportation companies' productivity increases with the overall change in the transportation logistics industry in Korea in the 2000s. However, it is difficult to grasp whether this change in productivity is caused by government policy changes or by the efforts of individual companies. This is also the limit of this study. Anyway, this study will be meaningful in that it has observed the productivity change of the overall transportation logistics industry including the 2000s and 2010s.

Firms today actively engage in both exploration and exploitation alliances in order to overcome external environmental uncertainties and create competitive advantages, yet there is a lack of research on influencing factors on the configuration of alliance portfolio in terms of exploration and exploitation. Identifying the influencing factors is expected to play a meaningful role in understanding and establishing a firm’s alliance portfolio strategy because an alliance portfolio can be viewed as a firm’s strategic behavior in light of external environments and internal capabilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find the influencing factors categorized into environmental uncertainties and internal capabilities on the configuration of alliance portfolio. To this end, we conducted a random effects panel Tobit regression model with a sample of 128 Korean local manufacturers that had responded to ‘Survey of Business Activities’ of Statistics Korea as they had engaged in alliances at least 3 years in a row between 2009 and 2014. The key findings are as follows. First of all, environmental uncertainties have an effect on the configuration of alliance portfolio. It has been found that the higher the uncertainty of the demand environment, the higher the tendency of increasing the exploitation alliance ratio in the alliance portfolio, and the higher the uncertainty of the competitive environment, the higher the tendency of increasing the exploration alliance ratio. However, the uncertainty of the technological environment is found to have no significant effect on the configuration of alliance portfolio. Second, firm’s internal capabilities have an impact on the configuration of alliance portfolio as well. Technological capability appeared to have positive effects on the exploration alliance ratio, and marketing capability showed positive effects on the exploitation alliance ratio. On the other hand, global capability showed no significant effect on the configuration of alliance portfolio. Based on the empirical results, this study suggests meaningful implications for an avenue of firm’s effective configuration on alliance portfolio.

CSR activities are effective strategic marketing devices that improve consumer’s perceived trust and marketing performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of services performed at each service point in relation to CSR activities and marketing performance. In other words, this study investigates the structural relationship between before service and after service in relation to CSR activities, brand equity. Based on the data of 510 questionnaires, the proposed hypothesis was tested by the structural equation model. The verification found that the five hypotheses were all significant. First, CSR activities influence on consumers' evaluation of before service and after service positively. The path coefficient of the relationship of CSR activities and after service was .449(t value =16.228, p<.001), a little lower than the relationship of CSR activities and before service, which was .473(t value=17.282, p<.001). The difference of before service and after service were statistically significant(t value=12.165, p<.001). This suggests that CSR activities can make the consumers' value of the before service activities and after service activities higher. Second, CSR activities directly influence on the corporate marketing performance positively. The path coefficient of the relationship of CSR activities and brand equity was .333(t value =12.045, p<.001). In other words, CSR activities positively affect brand equity. This result indicate that CSR activities more influence product differentiation than brand equity. Third, service activity at a specific service point affects firm's marketing performance. The path coefficient of the relationship of after service and brand equity was .210(t value =5.513, p<.001), a little lower than the relationship of before service and brand equity, which was .267(t value =7.076, p<.001). The difference of before service and after service were statistically significant(t value=28.892, p<.001). In other words, before service affects brand equity, and after service affects brand equity positively. This result implies that before service and after service act as a mediating role in the relationship between CSR activities and marketing performance of firm. That is, before service is commonly a more important factor than after service in the relationship of CSR activities and brand equity. In other words, CSR activities of firms have a positive effect on consumers' evaluation of service performance at specific service timing. Therefore it indicates that CSR activities influence product differentiation as the perspective of extended product. And also it contributes to improving the marketing performance of the company. This paper has a meaningful differentiation in that a performance study at the product level, unlike the performance study at the enterprise level which is mainly dealt with in the existing CSR study. And this study distinguishes the existing CSR activities from investigating the mediating effect of the service timing of the company as the perspective of extended product.

In this study, we investigate productivity of Korea Airports Corporation’s website to provide tourism information to increase the utilization rate of local airports which have recorded deficits. The main reasons for the deficit and low utilization rate are low population and few airline routes. One of the efforts that Korea Airports Corporation has made to remedy these situations is providing tourism information on the local airport’s web site to vitalize local tourism and increase the number of tourists that visit the area and thus to increase the utilization rate of the local airports. To achieve the purposes, the establishment and management of the website should fit the demand of users. In this study, we test the productivity of the KAC’s websites using, regression, and hierarchical regression method and for reference, IPA analysis was conducted. For the study, 500 questionnaires are distributed and 472 are collected and 124 defective questionnaires were excluded from analyses. The study results are as follow. First, the simple regression results show that for the 4 factors that are information quality, system quality, service quality, and KAC related factor affect users’ satisfaction at the statistically significant level. And users’ satisfaction affects revisit and at the statistically significant level. The hierarchical regression analysis result indicates that instead of focusing KAC related factor system factor and service factor should be emphasized. IPA analysis tells that most important and urgent items that KAC should modify are the information has to be various, covers wide range of tourism and should be reliable, although the information should fit the original purposes that should be based on the local information regarding tourism. These days local government also manage the web site for various purposes and most cases provide information regarding local tourism resources. So the questionnaire answers require KAC to provide more various and reliable information than local government’s website. Less important and low satisfaction items are deeper information and website design related items. Highly important and high satisfaction items are providing information representing local tourism, recent information, speed. Low important but high satisfied items are link, reliability, methods providing information. From these results, to achieve the original purpose of activating local tourism to increase the utilization of local airports by providing local tourism information on the local airport’s website, all the 4 factors, that is, information quality, system quality, service quality, and KAC related quality are important. However, considering budget, manpower, material constraints, KAC should focus on providing the various and wide range of tourism related information different from that of other web sites and make efforts to increase fun and speed while stick to its original purposes as the hierarchical regression analysis results show. In this study, the condition of KAC website management regarding providing local tourism information and ways to correct the current system, if any, for more productivity are investigated while considering the KAC’s constraints. The constraints are those that the menu to provide tourism related information is secondary purpose while providing airport related information should be the primary purpose, publicity, not commercialism should be kept, management and direction of it should fit to the original purposes, and the providing tourism information methods and the contents should be different from those of local governments’ websites, etc. And the study results are different from the other studies reflecting these conditions.

If firms increase investments consecutively, does this contribute to an increase in stock returns? If firms are in a trend of distributing their earnings as investing in capital expenditures, does this help in increasing firm value? Most theoretical papers based in the U. S. or Europe have suggested that expected returns decline in response to increasing investment. These negative returns are referred to as “investment-related anomalies.” Various explanations have been offered for the negative relationship in investment/stock return of “investment-related anomalies”. For example, the Dynamic q-theory of investment as proposed by Liu, Whited, and Zhang (2009) states that firms tend to invest less when the cost of capital is high, inducing a negative investment/return (if ‘/’ is not acceptable ‘&’ is Ok also.) relationship. Overinvestment theory (Titman et al., 2004), asserts that investors are concerned about possible overinvestment by managers due to the agency problem, consequently generating negative stock returns. They argue that firms that increase investment expenditures tend to overinvest and that the market initially overreacts to the negative implications of the higher level of investment. In this paper, I explore the effects of continuous investment behavior patterns, with specific emphasis on continuous increases in investment of Korean manufacturing firms and its relationship with stock returns. With the panel of Korean stock returns over the 1990 to 2014 period, this paper utilizes two empirical methodologies; the Fama-French alpha measurement and benchmark portfolio excess return calculation. This paper analyzes multiple year windows instead of the commonly used single year time frame between stock returns and investment. Most Korean studies on recent announcement effect over a short-term window have shown a positive relationship between corporate investment and stock returns when firms announce the increase of capital expenditure spending. However, there have been no long-term studies that show a clear positive relationship between stock returns and capital expenditure. I have found that as firms spend more on capital investments there are subsequently more positive benchmark-adjusted returns. The results of this study show a strong positive correlation between a firm’s continuous investment increase and subsequent positive returns. Sorting by investment increase numbers, we find that the portfolio yearly excess return spread between firms with a one-time increase in investment and firms that have three consecutive years of increased investment is at 0.0072%. The higher the total number of increases in capital investment, the higher the portfolio excess returns. In addition, the higher the number of consecutive increases in capital investment, the higher the excess returns of the firm. Since there have been no previous studies on cumulative increases in capital expenditure of firms and stock return, one of the paper’s major contributions is exhibiting a clear positive relationship when firms increase investment at least up to three times. In addition, this paper also analyzes the effect of the cumulative year over year increases on the investment/return relationship in comparison to traditional single year time frames.

This study examined the effect of diversity on team performance in a Korean organization where differences among people are likely to be comparatively less accepted. More specifically, this study examined the impact of gender diversity, social equality selection diversity, and age diversity on commitment to the team, intention to remain in the team, and creative behavior. The results show that gender diversity was negatively related to commitment to the team and intention to remain in the team. On the other hand, none of three diversities was related to creative behavior. These results have several implications. Firstly, team diversity does not contribute to team performance in the Korean context. Instead, it appears that team diversity can have a negative impact on team performance, as shown in the impact of gender diversity on commitment to the team and intention to remain with the team. Even though the organization answering the questionnaire is a diversity-pursuing organization, the fact that managing diversity does not contribute to performance means that diversity management in a business case for equality does not work out in the Korean context. Thus, in order for the Korean government to promote equality, it would be a better strategy to pursue compliance with equal employment opportunity legislation, rather than focusing business case for equality. Secondly, social equality selection does not appear to have a negative effect on team performance. Korean organizations have been reluctant to hire employees from socially disadvantaged groups. However, the results showed that social equality selection is not significantly related to team performance. When employees’ tasks are monotonous and repetitive, overqualified persons are not necessary, but optimally qualified individuals (such as those from socially disadvantaged groups) may contribute to performance as much as ordinary employees. Or, the organization’s careful pursuit of managing diversity in terms of socially disadvantaged groups may bring about these results. If so, if the organization pursues gender diversity in a careful and thoughtful manner, gender diversity may not produce negative team performance. In sum, if organizations provide careful diversity management considering the characteristics of jobs, diversity is not likely to produce negative performance but can produce positive results. The third implication is that diversity is not necessarily related to negative performance in the Korean context, as in the case of social equality selection diversity. Thus, the main direction for the pursuit of equality from the Korean government should be to reinforce regulations for hiring people from disadvantaged groups. For example, the Korean government can raise fines on a broad scale when organizations do not hire disabled people. Likewise, the Government can educate practitioners that diversity does not necessarily produce a negative performance. This will contribute to an achievement of equal employment opportunity in Korean society.

In this study, we examine consumer’s intention to use the Home Energy Management System (HEMS) based on Extended Technology Acceptance Model (e-TAM). HEMS is the next generation ICT application management system and utilizes smart grid to maximize the electricity consumption efficiency for households. The HEMS provides households with the real-time information on electricity price based on the consumption of electricity and make consumers control their consumption of electricity. The proposed e-TAM includes three independent variables that might affect the usefulness of this system. These three external variables include an economic benefit, social contribution, and environmental responsibility. In addition, we consider income, age, and gender as moderate variables to examine moderating effects in the relationship between these external variables and usefulness. In detail, income has moderating effects on the relationship between economic benefits and usefulness. Age and gender have also moderating effects on the relationship between social contribution, economic responsibility, and usefulness. To analyze the model, 400 people are surveyed and 374 data are finally used for further analyses. The model proposed in this study is proven to be effective with R2 = 63.4%. The results show that both usefulness (path coefficient=.535) and ease of use (path coefficient=0.327) significantly affect intention to use of HEMS at the significance level of 0.01. That is, usefulness gives more impact on intention to use than ease of use does. Also, all external variables such as economic benefit (path coefficient=0.308), social contribution (path coefficient=0.298), and environmental responsibility (path coefficient=0.173) have statistically significant effects on usefulness at 0.01 significance level. As you can see, economic benefit turns out to be the most significant element that affects usefulness. After examining the moderating effect of income on economic benefit and usefulness, it is known that lower income group shows higher usefulness than the other group does. Thus, the lower income group shows more sensitivity to economic benefit. Moreover, age and gender have moderating effects on the relationship between the usefulness of HEMS and social contribution. That is, older female group feel higher usefulness in terms of environmental responsibility. Therefore, this study suggests that the government should consider these results to establish an appropriate advertisement strategy to make many people accept the HEMS. That is, economic benefit, as well as social contribution aspects of HEMS, should be addressed when the government prepares the program of public relations and design the functions of HEMS.