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Decomposition of labor productivity growth through shift share analysis is frequently used to analyze the effects of structural changes in industries on aggregate productivity growth. The recent adoption of chained index method in the system of national accounts in Korea, however, causes additivity of industry productivities as well as real value added to break down. This study compares recently proposed decomposition methods which preserve the additivity, and apply them to the long-run labor productivity data from 1963 to 2014. The results show that the differences between additive decomposition methods are mostly negligible, while traditional non-additive decomposition method by Denison overstates the contribution of industry productivity growth and understates the effect of labor input reallocation among industries. Results from the decompositions also show that labor reallocation effects among four broad industries, namely agriculture, manufacturing, construction, and services, peaked between late 1970s and early 1980s but nearly disappeared by mid 1990s. Contribution of manufacturing industry to aggregate labor productivity growth was largest in 1990s but dropped subsequently. While the contribution of service industry dropped as well, the gap between the two sectors reduced to 0.3% due to faster decline in manufacturing industry. For the last 10 years, manufacturing as well as wholesale and retail trade sectors contributed most to the growth of aggregate labor productivity, while the employment in those sectors has declined. In contrast, social welfare services as well as professional, scientific and technical activities sector has been rapidly growing in terms of employment, which means that the employment structure in Korea's service industry is changing both toward improving quality of life and helping manufacturing industry to enhance its productivity.

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationships among organizational identity and perceived organizational image, organizational identification and knowledge sharing. Organizational identification is an important concept that plays a vital role in promoting organization members' sense of belonging to their organization, their job satisfaction, and the organizational effectiveness. Organizational identity that distinguishes members of his own organization and other organizations, most important and lasting characteristics. In addition, external point of view of the organization, has had a significant impact on the recognition of the organization's members. This study made the research model based on the theoretical arrangement to explain these relationships between constructs. Using the collected data from 676 members at 53 organizations in South Korea, we tested and confirmed the construct validity and internal consistency by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability by Cronbach's alpha. And we used regression analysis to test hypothesized relationship. This research came to the conclusions to as follows: First, organizational identity and perceived organizational image had the positive effect on organizational identification. Second, organizational identification had the positive effect on knowledge sharing. Third, The organizational identification's mediating effect among organizational identity and perceived organizational image, knowledge sharing behavior was confirmed in this research. The findings suggest that organizational identity is meaningful variable to understand individual attitude and behavior.

This study is to make an attempt to evaluate the effects of how a consumer's intention to make continuous use of products is to be affected by a consumer's overall experience depending on the consumer's emotion in a situation where the influence of smart-phone applications is expected to keep increasing gradually due to the increase in number of smart-phone users. 163 copies of effective questionnaires were used. And the following methodologies such as Cronbach α, Factor analysis, Correlation analysis and structural equation modeling was conducted. In this study, it was attempted to identify what influences would be exerted by the brand experience of those consumers enjoying mobile shopping upon affect, customer satisfaction and continued usage intention, in an effort to secure the competitiveness of mobile shopping malls on a gradual increasing trend. As a result of this study, it has been made possible to obtain the following conclusions and implications: First, brand experience was found out to have an effect of enhancing both calm affect and activated affect. This is a verification that, in a consumer's dimension, calm affect and activated affect are enhanced after experiencing an attractive and desirable brand, which is in advance of the existing relevant studies that consumers' brand experience on an attractive, desirable brand will exert a positive influence upon the brand achievements of satisfaction, attachment, etc. Second, it was identified that activated affect formed through brand experience would exert a positive influence upon calm affect, and the calm affect caused by brand experience was found out to exert a greater influence upon customer satisfaction. Therefore, it is suggested that enterprises with their mobile shopping malls in operation should utilize a marketing strategy that would induce consumers' calm affect and link it to customer satisfaction and continued usage intention. Third, it has been identified that both customer satisfaction and brand experience were exerting a positive influence upon continued usage intention, and through a mediating effect verification, it has been identified that calm affect was mediating between brand experience and customer satisfaction, while customer satisfaction was mediating between calm affect and continued usage intention. This means that, by monitoring consumers with regard to their affect felt by themselves, consumers' needs must be identified while utilizing a feedback process so that no decline in satisfaction should take place caused by any affect that is being felt by consumers. As for limitations of this study and future study tasks, they are given as below: First, in this study, brand experience abd other study concepts have been measured rather limitedly only through a questionnaire survey, considerations may be taken to obtain an method that would allow a behavioral experience. Second, with the mobile shopping users limited only to those of current college students, it is difficult to generalize a conclusion from the study results. Therefore, it is expected hopefully for more refined results to be obtained by expanding the range of survey subjects to cover diverse age groups in consideration of the classes of consumers who are involved in mobile shopping. Finally, this study has its limitations in inferring a cause-and-effect relationship between variables due to the cross-sectional study design, and there could be the common method variance as caused by the data collection relying only upon self-reporting questionnaire sheets. Therefore, in future studies, such limitations should be overcome by using a more diverse methodology.

To analyze the competitiveness of Korea-EU transportation routes, consideration of qualitative as well as quantitative factors is essential for the selection of efficient routes. In the study, we classified the factors into internal and external ones, and compared each route according to the classification, which gives the decision maker flexibility in establishing short and midterm strategies as well as the competing strategy in the long run. For the analysis, 6 different routes(2 new and 4 existing) were considered with 11 factors(5 external and 6 internal) and the results showed that the route 1(TKR- TSR) was the most efficient of all routes implying that it would be most competitative one when the inter Korea railways are connected. The routes 2,3,4(Sea- TSR), on the other hand, have problem of cargo delay in transshipment due to the increase in cargo volume and need measures to relieve the current situation by reducing the loading/unloading time, improving the on time delivery and flexibility, and increasing awareness of the routes. Route 5, the most commonly use sea transport route, needs some improvement on quantitative factors such as transportation time, distance, and cost which are relatively weak points compared with other routes. Finally, the route 6, the newly emerging alternative to route 2, can become a competitive one overtime if used all year round in the future with its strength in transportation time and distance. However, possible operation period of around 3 months causes the problem in on time delivery, flexibility, and frequency. With the weakness and strength of each route the decision maker should be able to provide more practical strategy to compete with other routes. In the study, considering more complex and diversified multi modal transport network, the routes are analyzed based upon the internal and external factors, which will give insights into the selection of efficient routes for operation. For future research, the ports in North Korea might good choice for the connecting points of sea and land transportations and more reliable factors need to be selected for the application of the results of the study.

In a recent study, Kim et al.(2015) examine the relation between abnormal related party transactions and corporate tax avoidance. The authors find an insignificant association between corporate tax avoidance and abnormal related party transactions, which is defined as the absolute value of the difference between estimated and actual related party transactions. They interpret their results as an evidence that suggests the effectiveness of Korean Corporate Income Tax Law in prohibiting tax avoidance activities through the related party transactions. However, their study is limited in that it does not take into account the income increasing (or decreasing) effect of related party transactions on tax avoidance behavior. Related party transactions may increase or decrease a firm’s reported earnings depending on the management intention. This, in turn, may affect the firm’s incentive to engage in corporate tax avoidance activities associated with related party transactions. Therefore, in addition to the variable of abnormal related party transactions, we add a dichotomous dummy variable, which represents income-increasing or income-decreasing effect of related party transactions, to the empirical model examining the effect of abnormal related party transactions on corporate tax avoidance. The empirical results show that abnormal related party transactions are insignificantly associated with tax avoidance. In addition, we do not find significant relation between directional effect on reported earnings of related party transactions and tax avoidance. These results suggest that firms do not engage in corporate tax avoidance activities through related party transactions, regardless of the directional effect on reported earnings of related party transactions, presumably because Korean taxing system based on Korea Corporate Income Tax Law effectively limits corporate tax avoidance activities, which, in part, might be attempted through related party transactions.

Most studies of SHRM have focused on testing the relationship between high performance work systems(HPWSs) and performances, and most have found a positive relationship between HPWSs and organizational performance. Some studies have argued that examining the mechanism of this relationship is critical to developing theory. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between high HPWSs and the organization's performance. Also, it attempts to show the moderating effects of organizational culture in the HPWSs-organization's performance link. Prior studies have found a positive effect of HPWS on firm performance. Drawing on the AMO model, we hypothesized that three modes of HR systems differently contribute to organizational performances(sales, job satisfaction). Also, based on the prediction from CVF model, we expected the moderating role of organizational culture in relation to the HPWSs and organizational performance. To test the effects, we used HCCP data collected by the Korea Human Resources Development Institute Survey. HR managers were questioned on HRM practices and employees on job satisfaction and organizational culture. This study employed the 4th data for HR systems collected in 2011 and the 5th data for organizational performance collected in 2013. The result of the present study supported the hypothesized moderating effect of organizational culture in the HPWSs-performance relationship. Specifically, the result showed that motivation enhancing HR system and opportunity enhancing HR system were significant factors of organizational performance. Also, we could find some supporting evidences for moderating effect of organizational culture in HPWSs on performances. This paper highlights the importance of organization’s context in utilizing HR systems. The model we propose provides implication of the relationship between HPWSs and organizational performance by specifying how HPWSs influence the organizational context. This study offers critical insight into the mechanism of the HPWSs research field. From a theoretical perspective, this study emphasize the need to take the situational factors in organizations (i.e., culture) into SHRM literatures. Specifically, the result of the study suggests that organizational culture can influence the relationship between HPWSs and performance in significant degrees, thus provides a rationale to introduce organizational situational variables to SHRM studies. In practical senses, the result of the study can offer insights to the organizations which manage diverse arrays of HR systems. Also, the study highlights the importance of organizational culture in implementing HR practices. Limitations of this study are described in terms of reverse causality, sample representativeness, and measurement issues.

University-industry cooperation of universities has made a quantitative growth for more than 10 years since independent organizations such as the Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation(IACF) were established. However, the customized university-industry cooperation with taking into account the characteristics of companies and universities has not been done, and most of the studies have not much considered the characteristics by industry and the size of businesses. The primary goal of this paper is to suggest policy implication for competency enhancement of university-industry cooperation through a study and analysis of university competency and enterprise demand based on characteristics by university and by enterprise, by analysis of demand of the enterprises which are participating in university-industry cooperation programs and by analysis of survey research to their satisfaction with competency of university-industry cooperation. The survey of satisfaction with the competency, from enterprise point of view, has been conducted against companies participating university-industry cooperation programs. The methods of average comparison using T-test and ANOVA against the survey research for competency satisfaction from samples of universities and companies participating their cooperation program have been used. The result of the study shows that university-industry competency of universities to improve are different by the characteristics of enterprises and universities (by industry, by number of employees, by amount of sales, etc). Implication from the study is that one step further actions running tailored cooperation programs to reflect the characteristics and demand of the enterprise are required to maximize and enhance efficiency of university-industry cooperation.

The main purpose of this study is to find out the impact of government support on the corporations’ organizational innovation. Among many fields of innovation, a lot of previous researches have focused on the product and process innovation, primarily known as technological innovations which have direct impacts on organization’s performance, while the field of organizational innovation research has been left aside. OECD, however, has developed a new guideline to measure non-technological innovations, specifically organizational and marketing innovation, emphasizing on their importance. In this study, the researcher first defines the concept of government support and organizational innovation and the relationship between the two concepts. Based on the previous researches, the hypothesis is set: Government support on corporations will have a positive impact on actual innovation of the corporations. The logit analysis method was used in the study, and the results are as below. Throughout the study, it has been found that the government support does have a positive impact on corporations’ organizational innovation. To be more specific, the analysis shows that the corporations which benefited from the government support turned out to have higher possibility to implement organizational innovation than that of the corporations which did not received government support. Moreover, even after specifically subdividing the types of government support, the analysis still shows that all types of government support positively affect organizational innovation. Furthermore, it is found that the more government supports corporations benefit, the higher the chance of implementing more organizational innovation types. This research is meaningful in that it is the first research to study the impact of government support on organizational innovation using Korean Innovation Survey(KIS), which followed the OECD guideline.

This study analyzes the efficiency and performance of software growth supporting projects conducted in 18 regions by utilizing data envelopment analysis(DEA). In addition, relationships among the satisfaction of firms performed the projects toward the regional software growth supporting centers, revenue increases, number of new employees, and the efficiencies of projects of 18 regions are studied with the size of revenue as a moderating variable. The effects of a competition environment on the efficiencies of the projects, the rates of revenue growth rate, and number of newly hired employees are also addressed. For the study, input based DEA models are used to reflect the characteristics of public sector. To analyze the DEA models, we used data which were collected by the Korea Regional SW Industry Promotion Council in 2013 and the results of the Regional SW Growth Supporting Projects performed at the 18 regions in 2012. From the CCR DEA model, we found that only the projects performed at Youngin is shown to be efficient. The overall efficiency of 18 regions’ projects is as low as 35%. The result of the BCC DEA model addresses that the projects conducted at four regions(Gangwon, Anyang, Yongin, Jeju) are efficient. The average efficiency of projects of 18 regions are about 72.5%. From the scale efficiency perspective, projects of Youngin are found to be the most efficient and Taegu’s is the worst. In particular, Taugu’s inefficiency results from the technical inefficiency. Furthermore, the higher the efficiency of the projects is, the larger the degree of the satisfaction towards agencies, the speed of revenue increasement, and the number of newly hired employees are in accordance with the size of revenue. It is also found that the more competitive environment there is, the higher efficiencies the regional software growth supporting projects result in. However, severe competition among SW/IT companies decreases the rate of revenue increasement and the number of newly hired employees.

In general, mobile money(mobile payment) is a term describing the services that allow electronic money transactions over a mobile phone or smart device. It is also referred to as mobile financial services, mobile wallet, and mobile payment or mobile commerce, P2P money transfer, and mobile banking. Mobile money services are enabled by an ecosystem that includes mobile operators, technology providers(apps), mobile handset / chip manufacturers, and financial institutions including banks, merchant service providers, and card associations such as Visa, MasterCard, and American Express. This study focused primarily on mobile payment and mobile wallets in developed countries and identified the obstacles that are creating the trailing adoption of available mobile money services. Challenges(obstacles) related to mobile money adoption include security, business model issues, and regulation. The perception of insecurity, including fraud, malware and theft are key concerns of consumers and financial institutions. Consumers are concerned about their privacy as well. Mobile networks encrypt messages transmitted across their networks. However, financial transactions demand additional tracking and logging to address regulatory requirements. In the US as elsewhere, there is no common standard and traditional types of security controls against malware that are common in the PC world have not reached maturity in the mobile space. A viable business model for banks and mobile operators along with standardization need to occur before mass market launches of mobile payment options can take place. Currently there is lack of standards and interoperability so that payments can move freely between operators and across borders There are restrictions in some regions the prevent telecom operators to adopt the role of a financial institution. Banks are concerned about lack of regulatory compliance around this new model. However, a whole, banks and mobile operators are competing for control of the market. This will drive converged regulation.