Earticle

This study is aimed at understanding of the translation strategies and translation processes adopted when Korean news is translated and covered by a Chinese broadcasting program. As research data, only news coverage based on translation of Korean news from <Asia Today>, a daily news program of CCTV4, was selected for this study. The study results found certain types of text conversion based on Chinese news’ unique customs. Adnominal phrases in Korean news were converted to predicates in Chinese news, passive voices to active voices, and interrogate or exclamatory sentences to declarative sentences, and omitted subjects in Korean news were inserted back in Chinese news to make grammatically complete sentences. To enhance the target receptors’ readability, moreover, <Asia Today> gave amplifications on Korea’s cultural elements, and made ambiguous information more specific by adding content. The lead part of news was adjusted to be brief and concise to be understandable by receptors all at once. The result is in line with many Chinese scholars’ view on the translation strategy of the Chinese news that it pursues functional translation to raise the readability by receptors (as a part of functionalism centered around the Skopos theory). However, while news translation on areas that are not substantially related with the interest of China as a nation could be explained as functional translation, almost newly written news instead of translated news was found in areas highly related with China’s interests including politics, diplomacy and military etc. It was closer to its own edited report than to translated news. Therefore, further explanation on translation of those areas should be made with institutional or ideological approaches through future studies.

This paper attempts to examine the potential differences in grammatical cohesion shifts caused by the number of lexical units in antecedents between a set of English source texts and their Korean translations and to explore the nature of motivations behind these shifts. Two types of shift are expected to occur: language-oriented cohesion shifts, motivated by systemic differences between the two languages, and translation-oriented cohesion shifts, caused by the translation process. Identification of language-oriented cohesion shifts presupposes the recognition of intrinsic cohesion differences between Korean and English. To do this, a set of Korean comparable texts are analysed. The analysis reveals that the number of lexical units in antecedents influences the cohesion pattern in each type of text. The English source texts use far more percentage of the grammatical cohesive devices than the Korean comparable texts if the antecedent is a single lexical unit. The English source and the Korean comparable texts use about the same percentage of grammatical cohesive devices if the antecedent is more than one lexical unit. In Korean target texts, the percentage of grammatical cohesive devices falls about the half from the source texts regardless of the number of lexical units in antecedents. This is probably because the translators attempt to mediate the cohesion pattern differences between the English source and the Korean target but still under the influence of interference from the source texts on the one hand; and probably because the translators are not aware of the cohesion pattern differences caused by the number of lexical units in antecedents on the other.

This study aims to look into the literature translation works of Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'urbervilles and find out how faithfulness in translation is fulfilled. Faithfulness in literature translation is one of main issues by which we evaluate a translated work. As the object of analysis, we chose seven Korean translations of Thomas Hardy's Tess of the D'urbervilles, which is famous for its main character's tragic factors. This study is to reconsider the notion of faithfulness for target readers in literature translation. Much of western translation theory centered on the recurring debates as to whether translations should be faithful. This paper also analyzed the cases of explanation by footnote for faithfulness of meaning for the target readers in literary translation. With these translation strategies, translators add information in the translated texts to enhance the understanding of the target readers in TT. These translated texts are examined for their treatment of faithfulness in literature translation. In conclusion, this study points out that faithfulness is to deliver SL message to TT readers without omission or distortion by translators. We can acquire the unique emotions and the spirit of ST through faithful translation. Therefore, translators should add relevant information to enhance the understanding of the target readers in translated text

In order to achieve a morphological and semantic equivalence in translation various cross-language qualitative reconfiguration is needed. This study aims to review translational transformation of Barkhudarov(1975) and analyze appication types of his translation theory in the Russian translation of Choi In-Hoon's ' The square'. Translational transformation is presented by separating it into four types ; relocation, replacement, addition, ellipsis. And replacement is separated into replacement of word forms, replacement of parts of speech, replacement of the sentence (restructuring syntactic structure of the sentence), syntactic change in a complex sentence, lexical substitution, antonymous translation and compensation. Most of the example of Barkhudarov‘s theory is translation from English to Russian. There is a difference in the application frequency of translational transformation according to source language and target language . Nevertheless, This study prove various practical use of translational transformation in the process of translation of Choi In-Hoon's <The Square> for minimize the loss of meaning of the original text and maximize of information delivery effect.

The main focus of this paper is to illustrate and explain our interpreting and translation actualities which have been continuously confronted with digital technology and its perceptive-oriented culture. Then digital society demand us to transfer and receive the messages as quickly as possible without any reflection for profound comprehension. And the interpreter and translator, who have traditionally worked in the intercultural, interpretative and reflective manners, became to overcome this new historical situation occurred by economical tendency and marketing. For the purpose, I set up firstly some etymological concepts of interpreting and translation, with which the present situation could be suitable for going in harmony. Transmission of message in the interpreting and translating activities is not only confirming of given cultural shares between sender and receiver also cooperating to interpret the messages given by these shared culture. In this cooperation, interpreter, translator and receptor can trace the semantical answer to understanding and empathy that they have wanted together. Because the phrase-centered convention would fall into the error of semantic confusion in their instance of enunciation. In word level, they would lose sense of discursive hierarchy between two words/phrases countered such as grammatical and semantical message communication. This study insist that we need a semantical and cultural adjustment(or strategy of consentment) for pursuit to common understanding by cooperative mutuality. In textual level, they are puff off their sense that all semantic concept is related to speaker-receiver's intentionality and cooperative culture. Linguistic sign do not has competence to designate something in the reality that man can conceive in his everyday life, but in the reality that receiver-speaker conceives as a reality, of which such proposition is a Saussurian principle in our modern linguistics. Interpreting and translation are concerned not only with communicative part of two cultures but with interpretor-translator's semantical cooperation of two languages encountered.

본 연구의 목적은 할리데이(M.A.K. Halliday)가 제시한 언어역(register)의 개념을 바탕으로, 비교가능한 두 개의 번역물에 대해 “기술적 평가”(descriptive assessment)(Chesterman, 1997)를 실시하고, 이를 통해 번역자가 중점을 두었던 일부 관점들을 밖으로 드러내는 것이다. 언어역이란 세 가지 구성 요소 즉, 필드(field), 테너(tenor), 모드(mode)로 설명될 수 있는데, 필드는 텍스트 내에서 어떠한 일이 진행되고 있는지를 보여주고, 테너는 저자와 독자(또는 텍스트 속의 인물들)의 관계를 표현하며, 모드는 커뮤니케이션이 생성되고 전달되는 방식과 관련된 개념이다. 본 논문에서 분석된 두 개의 텍스트는 그림을 포함하고 있는, 유엔아동권리협약(UNCRC)의 요약번역으로, 하나는 영어 리플릿(leaflet)의 형태로 영국에서 제작된 “언어내-기호간 번역”(intra-lingual/inter-semiotic translation)이며 다른 하나는 소책자의 형태를 통해 한국어로 요약된 “언어간-기호간 번역”(inter-lingual/inter-semiotic translation) (Jacobson, 2004 [1959])이다. 두 텍스트를 필드, 테너, 모드의 관점에서 비교분석한 결과, 한국어 번역의 경우 의도된 독자(아동)와 텍스트의 기능적 측면을 보다 중시, 강조한 것으로 드러났다.

'Reading in Translation and Interpreting Studies' is a theory teaching course provided by GSIT HUFS(Hankuk University of Foreign Studies) since 2011. Because interpretation and translation practice courses are major concern of GSIT curriculum as well as of students, how to organize the exceptional theory course and its educational value need to be argued. This paper gives a lecturer's organization case of the course for Korean-Russian major students and discusses meaning of theory teaching at GSIT. In sum, the theory course could be a chance that students think thoroughly about the profession and elements of translation/intepretation. Moreover it could develop independent, logical, and more extensive thinking and large-scale information processing ability.

Globalization has been greatly facilitated by advancement in telecommunications and information technology. Thus supported, it has enabled immediate sharing of knowledge and information across the globe regardless of national borders. Simultaneously, the spread of education and democracy has helped individuals collect information and more easily make independent judgments based on their own knowledge. In the recent past, the public used to be only information consumers. Today, with the advancement of web 2.0, they are also information producers, and they assemble in cyberspace to share and create knowledge across national borders, thus forming collective intelligence. Collective intelligence activities are conducted on the internet for various purposes in many areas. This paper explores how collective intelligence is used for translation, particularly how different internet communities for translation are organized. This paper analyzes and compares five translation communities at home and abroad that use collective intelligence and translate from(to) English into(from) Korean, and it presents those communities' features based on the framework defined based on the theories of Pierre Levy, James Surowiecki, and Charles Leadbeater.

Domestication is the translation strategy in which a transparent style is adopted in order to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target text readers. Foreignization is a term used to designate the type of translation in which a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. This article purports to analyze the differences found in translation of the same source text into Russian and Korean from the perspective of domestication and foreignization, which is related to such issues like literal vs. semantic translation, fidelity vs. readability, source text vs. target text oriented approaches. The source text is Lectures on Russian literature, which is written by Vladimir Nabokov and translated into Russian and Korean. Domestication and foreignization is not merely a matter of preserving or changing of the original text, but a way to adopt or resist dominant values in the receiving culture. Concrete routes by which domestication and foreignization theories in late 20th century are evolved, the meaning of this evolvement in translational act would be studied in detail. Further, the differences between Russian and Korean translation would be examined from domestication vs. foreignization point of view.

This article investigates the change in mode (spoken to written) and orality in cinematic subtitles. There has been a lot of study on the oral effect of subtitling, but often it only focuses on spatiotemporal constrainsts and subtitlin techniques. The idea that orality can be lost in the subtitling pocess is spread. so we really feel the need to push research in this area. In addition, te dichotomy between ral and written communication and the dichotomy between meaning and form are barriers to research. Tehrefore the researchers consider subtitling a written shortcut used only to convey meaning. In reality, however, subtitles are synchronized to dialogue and thusact as a written transcript of oral communication. In addition, the subtitle is a unique mode of translation presupposing the coexistence of the source language and the target language. As such, it is best not to makethe distnction etween written and oral communication in this case. And we need to analyse the oral communication in this case. And we need to analyse the oral elements ad translating them in the subtitle. With this in mind, a method must be found to bridge the gap between spoken and written word. To do this, the concept of accurately reflecting orality in subtitles will be discussed.

Motion picture and TV industries are becoming more and more iternational. It is no longer unuual for productions to take place at different locations across borders, which in turn raises the necessity of translatin scripts for multinational crews. This paper first surveys the nature of screenwriting and various constraints translators may face when translating scripts. It explores the difference between translating dialogues for subtitles/dubbing and translating scripts, and then compares and analyzes the Korean and English versions-source text and translation, respectively - pf te script of Late Autumn, a co-production of Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China shot in English in the United States. By identifying some of the unique characteristics in script translation, this papr tries to argue that the seemingly similar two audiovisual translation fields call for differnt approaches.

This paper examines the lexical competence of interpretes in regards to its structure (declarative competence) and usage (procedural competence) tp study the points at which the interpreters' lexical system differs fromthat of average noninterpreters. Recnt theoretical and empirical studies on cognition and neuropsychology are referenced to xplainor support the hypothetical characteristics of interpreters' lexical competence, which inclde the densification of lexical nework, the balance of L1-L2 system, the strengthened connection of paradigmatic (rather than syntagmatic) words, the automaticity of lexical transition, as well as the long-tem retenton of lexis acquired during interpretng sessions. These presentations of hypthetical theories are further strengthened by the discussion on the scientific methods that should verify the presented theories. Due to the lack of technical possibilities to examine neurona activities on the fine level of respective nurons with its structure and function, this discussion emphasized the psychological perspectives.

The punctuation researsch, in South Korea and China are rarely investigated. This proves that scholars have not paid enough attention to it, so the comparative study of punctuation or rare. The contribution of this research is to study and compare their differences. Korean the periods in and Chinese have some things in common : used in declarative sentences, interrogative tone indirect, soothing imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences at the end. Korean Comma includes douhao, dunhao of Chinese. Korean Comma and Chinese Douhao have many similarities: clauses pause, call back, back - exclamation, parenthesis, Korean Comma and comma also have many different. Korean Comma and Chinese dunhao are used within a sentence pause between juxtaposed words. But the Korean Comma can only be used for nout phrase juxtaposition, cannot be used for adjectives and verbs of pauses between juxtaposed words.

During the last decade, the Korea-Japan dispute about Dokto has been more and more intensive and is causing a international interest on its future perspectives. Recently the government and many nongovernmental organizations of Korea are trying to stronger public and private education about the history and the importance of this small island on the East Sea, after Japan has taken a variety of diplomatic strategies not only to hide the atrocities that Japanese people committed during the period of their colonization in the Korean Peninsula but also to take back the Dokdo Island which is very important from the point of view of natural resources and military purposes. This study deals with the translator's role to increase the legibility of the 'Ten Truths about Dokto Ignored by Japan', tranlated into Spanish.