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Women in feudal modern China lived under discrimination and repressionin apatriarchal society. The life of O-Lan, the female protagonist of <The Good Earth>, is indicative of the discrimination Chinese women’s faced. However, the author of <The Good Earth>, Pearl Buck, was the daughter of a Christian missionary and a female American writer who was not influenced by Confucian culture. Following her father, a missionary, she spent her early years in China, returned to the United States as an adult and published <The Good Earth>. The conversation she creates can be called ‘cultural translation’(Bhabha 1994) as she had experienced both Western and Oriental culture, cultures completely different from each other, through her migration. The aim of this study is to confirm through <The Good Earth> how gender differences innatelyor explicitly expressed through female infinitives in China’s Confucian cultureare shown in Pearl Buck’s ‘cultural translation,’ and to analyze and describe whether the marked gender differences within the female infinitives of the source text becomes stronger or weaker when translated into the languages of other Confucian countries such as ‘Korean’ and ‘Japanese.’

This study aims to explore the conceptual/ theoretical dimensions of cultural translation and gender translation and to compare the two paradigmatic areas of translation studies. In this study, cultural translation refers to the general concept of translation proposed by Homi Bhabha and gender translation is largely feminism-based translation(s) supported by the Canadian school. In Sections 2 and 3, the paper introduces the basic concepts of cultural translation and (cultural) translators and explains what may distinguish them from their traditional counterparts. Cultural translation is 'non-substantive' translation (i.e., translation without translations) and a form of writing that the translator engages in to express his/her experiences and perspectives in the Third Space, a translation space in which cultural subjects and objects become increasingly hybrid. Gender translation, especially feminist translation put forth by the Quebecois translator or writer-cum-translator, is also a form of (re)writing but presupposes 'translation as product,' as in the traditional concept of translation. The feminist translator communicates openly with the original writer to expose the women's pent-up frustration and voices and to that end, uses a creative and sometimes aggressive method of translating. In Section 4, this study attempts to compare cultural translation with gender translation in three respects. First of all, scholarly work on cultural translation has considered the writer to be synonymous with the translator, but in the Canadian feminist translation the writer and the translator have been regarded as two separable subjects and thus there are three different types of translations, viz., the writer's translation, the translator's retranslation, and translation as text. Secondly, the field of cultural translation has centered almost exclusively on non-substantive aspects of translation, while feminist translation emphasizes both the theoretical and practical dimensions of translation and now moves increasingly toward 'performance'-based practices of translation. Lastly, the two translations are similar in that metaphoric expressions have been widely used for theoretical discussion but they are somewhat different in the nature of entities that those expressions point to.

The medical conversation has unique characteristics as a type of institutional talk because it is carried out within the framework of the Medical Institution. The medical staff, as an agent representing the Medical Institution, has superior epistemic authority(A+), and professional knowledge (K+) and control (C+) which are sufficient to lead the conversation, vis-a-vis the patient, as the medical care recipient, who has less authority (A-), less professional knowledge (K-) and also insufficient control (C-) for the conversation. Due to these differences in power, medical staff - patient interactions tend to be organized asymmetrically. Patients, however, often resist the authority of the medical staff, and the resistance reaction practices of the patients will vary depending on the degree of asymmetry of the power. In the doctor-patient interactions of the pronounced asymmetry of epistemic authority, it is observed that the patient tries to lead the conversation to his orienting direction by the nonconforming responses which are dispreferred with the type of YNIs (Yes / No Interrogatives) or question design, and choose the resistant response practice which is less aggressive. In the nurse-patient interactions, in which the power asymmetry is somewhat reduced, the patient often resists the nurse’s directives by casually appealing to the nurse for the possibility of letting her forego the need to follow them, by initiating repair, and/or by employing an informal style/register that may not be congruent with the degree of formality expected of the given interactional context. In the doctor-patient interactions with an interpreter, the patients do not even acknowledge the epistemic authority of the doctor in taking up the treatment proposed by the doctor and the control of doctor in the medical conversation. This is accounted for as the patient’s practice of using the interpreter, who is constituted as their co-member of the same team, as the ‘buffer’ over the course of addressing the sensitive task of resisting the doctor’s treatment. And rather tries to reduce the asymmetry of power by various methods like evoking the categories “we” vs. “you” vis-à-vis the doctor.

This study aims to reexamine cultural semiotic theory of Yuri. Lotman in terms of Translation Studies and tries to reveal its theoretical potential as productive new frame for translation theory. The evolutionary path of Lotman's thoughts on the notion of translation effictively demonstrates the well-know process, which translation studies as a special discipline has been passed through for last 20 years: from linguistic-structural frame to cultural-philosophical level. Starting from definition of translation as transcoding, Lotman proceeded to attempt of remodelling the normative communication model of Jakobson as a means of transmitting message into a mechanism of translating, which inevitably accompanies creative transformation and generative moments. Along side with this, offering new theoretical concept of semiosphere, Lotman allowed to understand translation as a special bilingual belt where what is external is transformed into what is internal and what is internal or vice versa. In his last period of life Lotman turned his attention increasingly to the problem of cultural interactions and putted forward new model of intercultural communication as dialogue: the generative principle, which invariably emphasizes interactivity of communication and creative dynamics of cultural translation.

This study aims to examine how the terminology introduced to the Korean public during the Korean financial crisis in 1997-1998 has been translated and established, now that more than 10 years have passed since then. Many new terms were introduced to the general public when Korea underwent financial crisis and received bailout funds from the IMF. These terms had already been familiar to the personnel in the field then, but not to the general public. Accordingly, many new terms appeared in the Korean vernacular newspapers for the first time during Korea's financial crisis. This study first classified the types of terminology translations and then discussed factors that may have influenced them. Translation and/or establishment of these terms were also observed from the perspective of standardization.

There has been a dramatic increase in legal translation due to the growing trend towards free trade and a single market. Despite its vital importance and many challenges, legal translation has not received much attention in the translation classroom in Korea. As is known to all, subject knowledge is essential for legal translators to produce high quality translations that have the same legal effect as the originals. With the aim of enhancing subject competence for the students at GSTI(Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation) and effectively raising Law school students' proficiency in English, this paper proposes a close collaboration between GSTI and Law school. The four possible collaborative methods are as follows: First of all, interested students from one school are allowed to take classes in the other school. Secondly, professors from one school are invited to teach specialized classes in the other school. Thirdly, each school could provide intensive programs designed to best meet the needs of the graduates. Lastly, joint conferences and workshops are organized on a regular basis to discuss challenges and solutions for successful collaboration.

Korea and Russia started to get in touch with each other from 19th century. However, Russia was beginning to have a significant impact on Korea. Contact between the two countries has expanded to various fields such as political, economic, military, technology. Korean-Russian interpreters had emerged under these historical background. In fact, previous studies about interpreters in Korea give negative or passive images. The main purpose of this study is to refocus the background and role of the early Korean-Russian interpreters. They can be divided into two groups. The first group is Korean immigrants who moved to Russia in 1860s because of economic difficulties. The second group is students and teachers of Russian School in Seoul that was founded in 1896. In the 19th century of Korean-Russian interpreters contributed not only to the development of bilateral relations, but also to history of the Korean independence movement in Manchuria and Siberia.

This study reviews the language of tourism with the theoretical background of Dann(1996) and applies it to the tourism promotional translations. The language of tourism is purposeful and rhetoric discourses with intentionally selected vocabularies and functions. The tourism promotional texts, such as tourist brochures, escorted with information and spectacular images, appeal to the tourists and persuade them to visit. In this way, the tourism translations. are categorized as informative as well as operative according to Reiss’s(1971) text typology. Focusing on these two theories, this paper analyzes the tourism promotional translations with the brochure as a corpus, and demonstrates the characteristics shown in promotional translations. Finally, for the greater effect on the tourism promotional translations, and to meet the criteria of linguistic accuracy, cultural competence, and stylistic fluency, this paper concludes that professional tourism translators with qualification are definitely needed.

본 연구는 영어에서 매우 다양한 환경에서 빈번하게 사용되는 -er 파생명사의 통사 적 구조와 문장구성사의 기능을 한국어의 대응 사례들과 비교하여 분석하고 영어와 한국어의 언어구조의 차이 뿐 만 아니라 양언어의 배경이 되는 문화의 차이로 설명하고자 한다. 영어의 -er 파생명사는 그 생산성과 활용 면에서 이와 가장 유사하다고 할 수 있는 한국어 명사파생어미 ‘-자’와 현저한 차이를 보임을 실제 예들을 바탕으로 논의할 것이다. 구조적으로 영어는 명사의 출현빈도와 기능이 매우 높은 명사중심언어라는 점과 영어 문화의 특성인 개인주의가 이러한 특이한 구조의 발달에 기여했다 는 사실을 동사가 문장의 말미에 출현하며 다양한 통사적 기능을 담당하는 동사 중심적 한국어의 특성과 한국어의 배경문화로서 집단주의적 성격을 대비하여 비교 분석하고자 한다. 특히 영어 -er 파생명사의 다양한 기능 중 무생물을 지칭하는 의인화의 기능에 관하여 한국어의 경우와 비교하여 논의할 것이다. 또한 이러한 영어 구문들을 동일 한 구조와 기능의 파생명사가 부재하는 한국어로 번역하고자 할 때 나타나는 문제점과 그 해결방법을 제시할 것이다. 이로써 영어와 한국어 간의 차이를 좀 더 세밀하게 규정할 수 있고 이와 함께 영어와 한국어간의 상호 번역 및 통역과정에서 이러한 결과를 활용하여 보다 완성도 높은 번역과 통역의 결과물을 생산해 낼 수 있는 초석을 마련하였다고 할 수 있을 것이다.

The study began from the critical thinking that translation class in university should be designed for practicality reflecting students’ interests and actual needs. To this end, textuality theory is applied to suggest criteria for evaluation of translation works. A teaching method to enable learners to apply the theory to self-evaluate one’s translation and solve questions and thus improve competence is also proposed. In practical translation education, the criteria for evaluating textuality has significance not in judging the correctness of a translation work but in guiding students to find principles and methods for good translation in its actual process. In the course of teaching, instructors, rather than identifying errors and giving answers, should guide students to analyze the goals of a given translation and find answers on their own. In this regard, the study presents the seven textualities of Beaugrande & Dressler (1981) and applies them on the source and the target text (i.e. translation output) actually covered in class to examine textuality transition issues in the process of students’ translation. As a viable approach to improve practical translation competence, the study proposes to divide translation class into three stages, i.e. before translation, execution of translation and classroom teaching. This approach may help learners to self-evaluate their works and find answers to questions on their own and consequently improve their translation competence for practical use.

The goal of the paper is to understand the current Chinese society by studying the neologism that reflects the economic concept of Ba ling hou generation and analyze the translation of such words in Korean media. Ba ling hou refers to those born in the 80s, the reform and opening-up era, being the only child of their family. They have lived rich lives and are recognized to be the potential growth engine of Chinese economy. However, the post 80s currently faces difficulties such as youth unemployment, overheated real estate market, soaring inflation, widening gap between rich and poor. The first common characteristics found on -Zu(族) and -Nu(奴) related neologism translation was that both were translated in Pinyin. For unfamiliar or difficult Pinyins, translators added Chinese characters in parenthesis or footnotes. Secondly, the Korean translations of -Zu(族) and -Nu(奴) were differently transcribed in each media. Accordingly, the paper revised the Korean translations of Pinyin words based on the transliteration rules for Chinese words by the National Institute of the Korean Language. There maybe some readers who are not yet acguainted with the rules, however, sooner or later, they are expected to gradually adapt to the new principles of transcribing local words in local pronunciation.

한국어-스페인어 번역은 한국 경제, 문화, 사회, 정치 등 다양한 분야에서 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 영상 번역 분야 또한 예외가 아니다. 이 중 내레이션 번역은 영상 번역 분야에서 가장 일반적으로 많이 이루어지는 번역 작업 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 남미 및 스페인에 한국 기업과 제품을 홍보하는 홍보 영상을 중심으로 한국어에서 스페인어 방향의 영상 텍스트 번역을 분석하고자 한다. 또한 영상 번역 작업이 영상물 제작의 일 부분을 차지하는 것이 아니라 영상물 제작에 있어 가장 중요한 부분을 차지하는 이유에 대해 설명한다. 본 연구는 영상물 제작 과정, 원본 텍스트의 번역 과정, 그리고 스튜디오 내레이션 녹음을 위한 수정 과정을 분석하여 최종 번역 텍스트가 내레이션으로 발화됐을 때 생기는 문제점을 알아보기 위해 이 용도로 제작된 몇 개의 샘플 텍스트를 살펴보도록 한다. 또한 본 연구는 이러한 형태의 번역에서 고려되는 주요 요소들에 대해서도 살펴보고 마지막으로 남미 및 스페인 시장에서 한국 기업 및 제품 홍보 영상 번역에 적합한 텍스트 유형을 제공한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 전략은 홍보 영상의 질적 향상과 남미, 스페인을 포함한 현지 시청자들의 한국 회사 및 제품에 대한 이해를 돕는 데 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 영어 법조동사의 아랍어 번역 시 제로 등가(생략) 전략을 사용했을 때 발생하는 의미적 차이를 보여주는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 사례연구로 맥베스에 사용된 영어 법조동사를 코퍼스로 구축한 후 이를 분석한다. 맥베스에 쓰인 166개의 법조동사 중 39개 (23.5%)는 아랍어 번역본에서 삭제되었다. 대부분의 경우 가능성의 의미가 확신의 의미를 가지게 되는 등 영어 조동사의 의미를 훼손되었으며 이러한 생략 전략은 종종 영어 조동사에서 나타내고자 하는 중요한 뉘앙스를 훼손시키는 결과를 초래한다. 본 연구는 영어의 엄격한 문법 시스템과는 달리 아랍어는 조동사 표현이 다양해 이를 사용하여 영어 법조동사가 지니고 있는 미묘한 의미의 차이를 효과적으로 표현할 수 있다는 결론을 내린다. 그러므로 번역사는 영어에서 아랍어로 번역할 때 법조동사 번역에 각별히 유의해야 하며,생략 전략은 원본의 의미를 적확히 반영하지 못하는 경우가 많다는 인식을 가져야겠다.