Earticle

The four-character structure, a broader concept than the four-character idiom, refers to an expression composed of four letters. This form, housing rich and diverse meanings beyond the intrinsic meaning of the letters, poses significant interpretative challenges. While studies on these four-character structures (primarily four-character idioms) have primarily been confined to paper text data, this paper extends the analysis to video media, exploring a previously unexamined aspect of four-character structure translation in such a medium. Audiovisual translation, more constrained in time and space than conventional paper text translation, represents a unique realm where the source language and target language are concurrently displayed. It is a sound-to-text translation rather than a text-to-text translation. Omission, a prevalent strategy in audiovisual translation, is conspicuously applied in the translation of four characters. This approach can be attributed to the fact that detailed action descriptions are often compensated for by on-screen motion or facial expressions, and by the context provided before and after the idiom, due to the nature of video media. However, issues arise with predicate omission; excessive omissions and paraphrasing occasionally result in failure to adequately preserve character integrity. Besides the omission strategy, other noticeable strategies include substitution and grammatical conversion, in alignment with the linguistic habits of the target language. In the future, analysis of further data concerning how the four-character structure is translated in video media will likely yield valuable insights not only for translation but also for interpretation, a field inherently constrained by time and space.

The Republic of Korea initiated diplomatic relations with Latin America and the Caribbean in 1959, and currently has diplomatic relationships with 32 countries in the region. Given that Spanish is the official language of most Latin American countries, there is an increasing demand for Korean-Spanish interpreting. To address this need, this study employs Move Analysis to examine speeches delivered by Latin American and Korean presidents during Korean presidential visits to Latin America. The aim is to identify recurrent patterns and structures within these oral texts. A corpus comprised of eight speeches from the past decade was scrutinized, which included four speeches in Spanish and another four in Korean. The analysis disclosed four shared moves consistently following an order: Introduction; Relationship between the two countries; Cooperation between both countries; and Closing remarks. Each move was examined for shared and contrasting patterns, and the proportion of words assigned to each move was calculated. The findings of this study are anticipated to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the genre conventions in Korean-Spanish interpreting.

This study undertakes a diachronic examination of major peritextual elements in Korean translations of Simone de Beauvoir’s ‘Le Deuxième Sexe’. The analysed translations include those by Yi Yongho (1955), Cho Hongshik (1974), Yun Yŏngnae (1983/1986/ 1988), Kim Kit’ae (1986), Kang Myŏnghŭi (2001), Yi Hŭiyŏng (2017), and Yi Chŏngsun (2022). The main focus of our study is the titles, cover images, and translatorial comments, specifically ‘haesŏl’ (literally, “commentary”). Our findings indicate that (1) certain book covers might distort, to varying extents, the reader’s comprehension of the main text, (2) Yun’s translations are particularly misleading, offering an incorrect impression of the original work’s structure, (3) recent translations give the impression of being a theory or guidebook on the original work, (4) the translator’s presence is more prominent in recent translations, and (5) the product category for the translated book is fittingly represented only in Yi Hŭiyŏng (2017) and Yi Chŏngsun (2022).

This study conducts an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of previous research using a systematic review. The analysis reveals a predominance of studies contrasting Chinese expressions with Korean counterparts, with the fewest studies focusing on the subject of translation. Out of the 19 research papers targeted in this study, 18 were published in the humanities field, and a significant number combined quantitative and qualitative studies. The Korean-Chinese contrast/response study was somewhat centered on the morphological structure and response relationship. In contrast, the Korean contrast/response study placed more emphasis on the semantic relationship, noting that the form or subject of the voice might vary based on the speaker's focus or the animateness of the causer. A study on teaching Korean verbs in Chinese analyzed error patterns and interference causes in mother tongue based on the error data of actual Chinese learners of Korean. Interestingly, one of the two papers focusing on translation highlighted the change in voice depending on the speaker's cognitive method. The other paper posits that translating causative Korean into Chinese causative is considerably more natural.

Filmmakers are increasingly incorporating significant portions of foreign dialogues in their films, reflecting the growing interaction of diverse cultures. Multilingualism in films requires translation into the target text, representing one of the most formidable challenges in audiovisual translation. Addressing multilingualism becomes particularly intricate in film dubbing as it replaces the original dialogue, creating the illusion that the dubbed dialogues are being spoken by the original actors. Korean films, mirroring the growing integration of contemporary societies, often incorporate substantial foreign discourse. This study investigates the dubbing translation of multilingual dialogues in Korean films released in North America, illuminating how foreign dialogues presented in Korean films are translated and dubbed for the target audience. To critically examine the strategies employed by dubbing professionals in handling on-screen multilingualism, the study zeroes in on the ways the diegesis of dubbed films undergoes changes.

This paper explores the strategies used in translating the character voice lines of 'Overwatch 2' into Korean with the intent of maintaining fidelity to the Source Text (ST) game experience. Strategies identified include literal translation, modification, replacement, addition, and omission and contraction. Qualitative analysis reveals that the translation efforts aim to condense line lengths through modification and omission, thereby ensuring the game maintains a brisk pace for players' enjoyment. Interactions are enhanced through mood and subject changes (modification), while the gaming experience is made more engaging via the addition of interjections, buzzwords, addressing terms, and forceful meanings. This demonstrates an active intervention by the translator to provide an entertaining and engaging gaming experience for Korean players.

This study explores the influence of the length of human-translated text on the validity of automatic evaluations. To this end, the Brevity Penalty (BP) was replaced with the Length Penalty (LP) to better align the evaluation methodology with the characteristics of human translation. The study examined if this modification improved evaluation validity. The impact of the BP on the total score was ascertained via the coefficient of determination (R²) of the regression analysis. Validity was further investigated by comparing the correlation coefficient of the similarity between BLEU and LP-applied BLEU (lBLEU) scores and human evaluation scores. The findings indicated an overall improvement in validity, and an increase in the coefficient of determination. The qualitative analysis revealed that students were more likely to lose points for longer translations when compared to the three reference translations, particularly in the case of extensive, informative original texts on unfamiliar topics. Therefore, the length of the human-translated text significantly influences the validity of the automatic evaluation, and substituting BP with LP positively improved this validity. The implications of this study can potentially extend to educational scenarios and the utilization of automated assessments.