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This study aims to analyze the index of synthesis and structural features of Arabic by comparing the Arabic websites of Korean public agencies and Arabic technical books published in Korea. According to the analysis, nouns were used the most frequently while verbs appeared the least frequently in the Arabic sentences of both media. More specifically, verbs showed up 35.0 percent more in the Arabic of the technical books than that of the websites while 3.3 percent more nouns were present in the latter than the former. Particles were used 6.5 percent more frequently in the former than the latter. Despite such a clear difference between the two in terms of the usage of verbs, the index of synthesis of the Arabic books was 0.11 higher than that of the Arabic websites. The results imply that the Arabic of the technical books carries more, even if not significant, grammatical information than that of the websites. Although the Arabic sentences of the books contained 35 percent more verbs with 5-8 morphemes per unit of synthesis than that of the websites, particles with one morpheme appeared 6 percent more in the former than the latter. As a result, the two media did not show a significant difference in the index of synthesis. Even within the websites, the frequency of use of verbs and particles varied by 23.0 percent and 10.0 percent, respectively. Likewise, within the books, the frequency of appearance of verbs and particles fluctuated by 75.0 percent and 24.0 percent each. These findings demonstrate that the index of synthesis is determined by the features of website texts and the topics of technical books, rather than the modes of media.

"Freedom", the great authority and power of decision acquired by the translators after the functionalist theory of Reiss and Vermeer implies new responsibilities. Translation is seen as a form of rewriting, the translator as an author and translation as creation, especially because translating literary genre requires as much participation from the reader or translator as translating minifictions. The brevity of a minifiction requires precision, but also intertextuality, of socio-cultural contexts to guide us in the gaps, interstices and silences, what has been said and what is not said in the text that the translator must decode and transpose to find all his plurisignification. There lies the creativity of the translator, as Jandová understands it, in the ability to identify significant elements of the original work and find functional equivalences, even if they are very different from the original. Our work analyzes the Spanish versions of a Korean minifiction in order to observe the interventions of the translators, reflect on their differences, the creativity or decision-making of the translators by transferring not only history but the literary peculiarities of such a plural genre, polysemic and plurinterpretative as is the work we have selected: The man in his sleeping bag, by the writer Yu Kyung-suk.

Simultaneous Interpreting(SI) is often considered as a mere transfer of words from Source Language(SL) to its equivalent in Target Language(TL). Nevertheless, many studies proved that interpreters and translators alike, rely not only on the linguistic inputs from SL but also on the extra-linguistic aspects while interpreting or translating. To prove that simultaneous interpreters tap the extra-linguistic aspects, this study focuses on the use of verbs during SI process between Korean and Spanish, a structurally asymmetric language combination. Two simultaneous interpreters with three to five years of experience interpreted the original oral format of Source Text(ST), from Korean to Spanish. Target Texts(TTs) were recorded, transcribed and analyzed. Clear evidence was shown in their use of verbs as an anticipation strategy during SI. The result of the study shows that interpreters also take into account extra-linguistic factors.

This study aims to analyze the perspectives which academic circles in translation and interpretation have had regarding cultural terms and to examine the directions they should move forward in future research. By analyzing studies posted in three domestic journals of translation and interpretation, including The Journal of Translation Studies , Journal of Interpretation and Translation Institute , and Interpretation and Translation, this study develops definitions of "cultural terms" and summaries research topics and methods. Cultural terms can be defined as "concept words related to human life or lifestyle," and each of their sub-components forms a specific terminology group. Studies on cultural terms are largely conducted in the direction of comparing source texts and target texts, analyzing translation methods, then presenting desirable translation strategies. Research topics are mostly composed of studies on literary works and on the outcomes of public sector translation. In most cases, translation strategies are proposed to make up for the asymmetry of cultural elements. The significance of the studies on cultural terms over the past two decades can be found in 1) identification of comprehensive categories of cultural terms and approach to components of cultural terms, 2) standardization of specific terminologies within macro cultural terms, 3) establishment and sharing of translation guidelines, even if partially, and 4) implementation of these guidelines in the form of online, open knowledge glossary. Future research should be conducted, first in the short term, in specific areas at the micro level focusing on impending issues. Seen from a macro perspective, however, problems of existing translation drafts will be analyzed. In this process, standards will be established and shared, which is expected to eventually bring a virtuous circle of spreading into business practice and education.

In 1979, a graduate school with a hitherto unusual name opened its door at the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies in Seoul "Graduate School of Simultaneous Interpretation and Translation”, as the school GSIT, HUFS was called at that time. Until then, translation and interpreting had not been considered as proper occupational activities in Korea. It was actually not known which people with what kind of qualifications performed translation or interpreting. It was therefore a completely novel idea that translators and interpreters should be trained in a high educational institution. And in the end, GSIT proved to be a huge success. GSIT drew a great deal of public attention and many talented young people. The hitherto accumulated T & I needs in society and the trend of globalization had their part in GSIT’s popularity. As the only educational institution of T & I for the first 18 years and beyond, GSIT has written key chapters in the history of T & I in modern Korea. This article summarizes GSIT's footsteps in order to discuss the developments of the past four decades in Korea in T & I education and studies, in the T & I profession and the economic and sociocultural aspects of those developments. Based on the results of the discussion, the current situation of T & I in Korea is observed with a focus on the “professionality” so as to derive tasks for the future.

In order to improve the quality of Korean literature's translation into Chinese and further guide Korean literature's entry into China in a more desirable direction, it is very important to evaluate the translation text in various ways and find a proper translation strategy. This paper examines the application patterns of the two translation strategies (foreignization and domestication), which are mainly reflected in the Chinese translation of Korean literature through a concrete translation text. When reviewing translation of literature, if you compare different versions of the same text and find the pros and cons of the translation strategy applied to each translation, you will be able to present useful information for future translation work. By comparing the three versions, we can draw the following conclusion: Although it is an era of cultural translation, the traditional free (or localized) translation method can not simply be regarded as an "outdated translation method". Of course, excessive localization of translation is certainly wrong. In short, foreignization and domestication are two complementary rather than contradictory strategies in translation. A satisfactory translation can be achieved by flexibly applying the two translation strategies according to the style and characteristics of the work, making full use of their strengths and avoiding their weaknesses, and coordinating with each other.

This study investigates terminological consistency in the authentic Korean texts of bilateral investment treaties. All the authentic texts of a single international instrument should archive two processes of ensuring terminological consistency: intralingual harmonization and interlingual concordance, However, most of the authoritative Korean translations of international law has not been examined in terms of terminological consistency; and none of the institutional guidelines for authoritative translations pays due attention to this issue. In this regard, this study defines the types of terminological consistency which should be ensured in authoritative translations, and introduces comprehensive methods for investigating terminological consistency in authentic translations of international law. For terminologies of juristic person taken from some Korean texts of BITs, this study examines intertextual variability and intratextual variability for intralingual harmonization, and translation adequacy for interlingual concordance, which reveals complete failure of achieving terminological consistency in those instruments.

The domesticating strategies are prominent in drama translation compared to the translation of other literary genres. However, there are not many specific studies on this topic. Therefore, this study aims to compare and analyze the translated drama texts produced by professional translators and the playscripts rendered by the theater directors focusing on the domesticating strategies, and to discuss the effectiveness of the translated drama texts for the stage. Generally, the preparation for the performance begins with the selection of plays. Thus, many theater directors pay attention to the translated drama texts published. However, drama translation is often done without considering or knowing about the performance situation. As a result, whenever play is performed, a new playscript has to be prepared. The problem here is that even the most important parts are cut off in this process, or the irritating parts that could be a hindrance for the audience's understanding are often highlighted. As a modest attempt to approach such problem this study sets up subcategories of the domesticating translation and compares domesticating strategies of the translators for the reader and the translation strategies of theatre directors for the audience.

This study reports on the initial outcome of an action research on a systematic instructional model of note-taking for consecutive interpreting. As a means to offer scaffolding to the students while taking into full account the nature of note-taking acquisition that requires the autonomous effort on the part of the students, the study applied the Gradual Release of Responsibility (GRR) model in an introductory T&I course. The researchers found that the model enables a process-oriented approach, an opportunity to closely observe and monitor the process of the students’ renditions, a gradual decline in the students’ dependence on the instructor and the creation of a more supportive atmosphere conducive to collaborative rather than competitive learning. Despite many positive revelations of the new instructional model, the researchers concluded that the GRR model of instruction can complement rather than replace the existing model of teaching interpreting where rendition is followed by critique.