Earticle

The need for interpreters and translators to practice professional ethics has been long discussed within the academic community. In reality, however, the Korean translation and interpretation market still lacks adequate training and effective implementation of such a code. There is no unified institution in Korea to oversee interpretation & translation or prepare related codes. The Korea Translators Association (FIT) exists, but it is not involved in many activities, and a corporation called the International Interpretation & Translation Association (IITA) is operating but also does not play many roles. China, by contrast, started to cultivate professional interpreters and translators later than Korea did, yet the Chinese have made very rapid progress thanks to their government’s support. Therefore, this study seeks to compare the professional codes of ethics in place for Chinese interpreters against those that have been established in Korean associations, and analyze their features in order to offer opinions needed for improving and disseminating professional ethics codes and to present basic data for making the Korean interpretation and translation ethics regulations.

In the last 10 years, Korean literature has drawn substantial attention from the global book publishing industry, with “K-Literature” and the “Korean Wave in Literature” entering the lexicon. Since Please Look After Mom by Shin Kyung-sook won the Man Asian Literary Prize in 2011, many Korean novels have won internationally renowned literary awards one after another, with an unprecedented amount of publishing rights sales to markets across the world. This indicates that Korean literature has shown potential as a new type of content for the Korean wave, and has entered the arena of international literature, shedding the tag of local literature. This study examines the Spanish translations of Korean literary works that have led the shift and the characteristics of their publishing in order to understand the changes in the translation of Korean literature into Spanish. Based on the analysis of the data from Overseas Translation Support Program (2001-2021) of the Literature Translation Institute of Korea, a government-funded program for promoting translation and publishing of Korean literary works, this study identifies three major characteristics in the translation of K-Novels in Spanish-speaking countries: a) change in the role and status of English as an intermediary language for literature, b) change in translators, and tentatively, c) the potential for a system in which the works of a specific writer are translated by the same translator.

The purpose of this study is to show the principle of translation by examining the effects of the translator’s cognitive ability and subjective choice on the translation result in the translation process from the translation of color vocabulary of Dream of the Red Chamber. To analyze the principles of information integration in the translator’s translation process, this paper introduces the Conceptual Blending Theory, showing a network for the interpretation of the original text and a network for the creation process of the translated text. In addition, with the two networks focusing on the translator space connected, a multiple blending network is built. Based on this, the information integration method of selecting a translation strategy and generating a translation is presented in the information processing process of the translator. And during the analysis of the translation process, factors such as the source language, original text, translator, target language, translated text, and socio-cultural background are integrated into one network, and the influence of these factors on the selection of translation strategy is analyzed.

This study investigates translation issues involving the intertextual devices found in Korean statutes. Legal discourse, especially legislative provisions, is interlinked with various cross-references that serve specific functions in the legislation, which includes signaling textual authority, providing terminological explanation, and facilitating textual mapping. Countries of Anglo-American jurisprudence have traditionally used different types of cross-referencing expressions to display these specific functions in legal discourse. Recently, the legislation drafting guidelines in many English speaking countries have made changes in the traditional usages of expressions due to the Plain Language Movement. English translators of Korean statutes need to have due regard for these changed functions and expressions to preserve the same legal effect as the original. On this backdrop, this study examines legislative guidelines and plain language manuals in legislation developed by common law countries as well as Korean counterparts to identify distinct functions and contexts of use of each cross-referencing expression. Then, a case study is conducted to compare the expressions recommended by legislative guidelines and those used in the translated statutes.

Cette étude tente une critique de la traduction française de 《채식주 의자》de Han Kang en se basant sur l’analytique de la traduction d’Antoine Berman. Celui-ci, en définissant la traduction comme 《épreuve de l’étranger》, s’est efforcé de dénoncer le système de déformation des textes qui s’opère dans toute traduction et qui fait dévier la traduction de sa pure visée d’accueillir 《l’étranger comme étranger》. Il a pu ainsi établir douze tendances déformantes inhérentes aux langues cultivées occidentales qui résistent le plus à la 《commotion de la traduction》. Le texte source de notre recherche, qui est la version française de 《채식주의자》, est une cotraduction réalisée par une traductrice coréenne et son réviseur français. Au terme de notre analyse, nous en sommes arrivés à détecter dans cette traduction française huit tendances déformantes, en particulier la rationalisation et la destruction des rythmes et des systématismes. Il s’agit donc d’une traduction ethnocentrique et hypertextuelle, contrairement au jugement péremptoire et positif d’un critique littéraire coréen de renom, qui voulait franciser une oeuvre coréenne en la réécrivant à partir des normes de l’écriture française.

Based on polysystem theory, the article explores translated literature’s power that brought in modernity during the New Cultural Movement period (1915-1920). Translated literature in the period occupied the literary polysystem’s center and stimulated new forms of literature. At that time, translated works functioned as tools and models to erect new forms of Chinese literature. Hu Shi’s translation of western short stories was the typical proof which incarnated modernity. Hu was the primary advocate for the literary revolution of the period, a movement which aimed to replace scholarly classical Chinese in writing with the vernacular spoken language, Baihua dialect, and to cultivate new forms of literature which allowed writers to express their thoughts and emotions with realities. Hu’s motivation to translate western short stories was to foster the literary revolution and translated works as his Hu Shi’s Translation of Foreign Short stories functioned as accelerators to generate the drastic change in literary language and literary view. Most writers in the period could express their own thoughts and emotions through the creation of new forms of literature, following the example of the translated works. This case study indicates that translated literature played an important role by bringing modernity to China’s literary system.

This paper discusses the differentiation of job titles and job description of translators at AI translation platform-based translation ecosystem. The definition of job title and its description is summarized with their comprehensive official data including previous academic research, the status of the translator's job title in Korean language service industry, the information on the job types of ‘translation’ on the recruitment portal site, ISO description, and the likes. It is expected that the result of research will dedicate to establishing the basic academic infrastructure of translator’s job title and its description and leading to use as reliable basic data for future registration of translation job areas and titles in Korea's Vocational Dictionary and Development of Standardized Curriculum and Learning Modules based on NCS (National Competency Standards). In addition, it will subsequently contribute to protecting the rights and interests of translators and establishing a solidification of the status of the entire group related translator profession, which is an important official path for career development and prepares a basis for cultivating customized talents.

This study compares and analyzes machine and human translation, then post-edited machine translation and revised human translation. Source texts were composed of colloquial and written styles, respectively, since the results of MT and MTPE may vary. Evaluation and qualitative assessment were manually undertaken based on the TQA criteria proposed by Han (2021). Professional translators codded and scored errors, and Korean-Russsian machine translation and human translation differ in frequency and distribution of errors. The form-related 'accuracy' errors were distinctive in machine translation. In contrast, errors in meaning-related 'clarity/comprehensibility' occurred more with human translation. After machine translation is post-edited and human translation is revised, the quality of each output was significantly improved; however, some error types somewhat increased despite post-editing and revision efforts. Reviewers tended to assess human translators' clarification and explication attempts as excessive intervention. Moreover, post-edited machine translation and revised human translation showed little difference in evaluation scores, indicating that specialized training for post-editors (or reviewers) will inevitably enhance machine translation quality.