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There are currently active cultural exchanges and frequent cooperative exhibitions between Korea and China. At this juncture, it is very important to properly translate the names of Chinese exhibits into Korean in response to the exhibition environment and demands of visitors in Korea. This study analyzed the aspects and problems of Korean translation of the names of Chinese artifacts that have been introduced as collections and special exhibits of the National Museum of Korea. According to the results of the analysis, it was observed from the aspect of consistency that even the same relics were inconsistently translated and that translation methods of similar-structured names were inconsistent. From the aspect of information, some elements of naming were left out, replaced, or literally translated, causing problems in conveying information. These problems need to be solved by ensuring consistency and public needs as official names and considering communication with exhibition visitors.

While the literary world has largely discontinued the practice of relay translating French to Korean, the Korean subtitles for most French films are still translated through English. This paper aims to analyze the impacts of this relay translation through a contrastive analysis of the original French version of Intouchables with its subtitled versions in Korean and in English. Intouchables (2011) tells the story of an unexpected friendship between two men coming from diametrically opposed worlds. Philippe is a rich, uptight, intellectual, white aristocrat who is left quadriplegic by a paragliding accident, and Driss is a poor, exuberant, ex-convict black immigrant from Senegal who becomes Philippe’s caretaker. While Driss helps Philippe rediscover the joy of living, he learns the values of a world other than the ghetto. The translation challenge here is to recreate the effects of a high comedy and feel-good movie. The task presents numerous difficulties, including the translation of humorous expressions, cultural references, sociolects, and ideologies. Relay translation undoubtedly involves some intrinsic limitations. However, as part of a foreignizing method to respect verisimilitude, English can work well as an interface language-culture. For example, English is useful when French humor cannot be transmitted to Korean audiences either through a literal translation or through domestication due to the target audience’s lack of knowledge of the source language-culture or because of a verbo-visual representation. Notably, the Korean version is not a mere reproduction of the English version, but rather shows its own creativity and self-censorship.

The so-called "double-quotes journalism", which quotes headlines directly, represents the conventions of headline genres in Korea. Headline genre conventions can be different for different cultures, and conflicts between cultural conventions act as translation problems for translators. To overcome these constraints, there is a norm in translation. In this study, we focus on the conventions of headline genre in Korea, which uses a lot of direct quotes. Based on this, we try to solve the following research questions. First, is there a difference between the Japanese headline genre conventions and the Korean headline genre conventions, which use a lot of quotes? If there is a difference in the conventions of the headline genre between Korea and Japan, what kind of decision making will the translator make to resolve the conflict between the two countries in the Korean-Japanese translation? And what is the dominant translation norm acting on the decision of the translator?

The translation of film titles has received much attention in translation studies as the titles play a crucial role in conveying the content of the films and serve as an important marketing tool to attract audiences. Research on the translation of film titles, however, has mainly dealt with the types of strategies adopted by the translators or distributors while viewers’ responses have received little attention. This study takes a two-pronged approach to bridge this gap and investigates how viewers actually respond to different translation strategies. Analysing 724 imported film titles released from 2000 to 2016 in Korea together with a questionnaire survey, we investigated the viewers’ cognitive and behavioural responses to different types of translation strategies. The results show that while transliteration is the most widely adopted translation strategy in Korea, the survey respondents show inconsistency between their cognitive and behavioural responses to film title translations. This incongruence suggests a discrepancy between implied and actual readers, which has meaningful implications for both film marketing and translation education.

This study is grounded on the analysis of surveys conducted on judicial interpreters and people in charge of selecting them with the purpose of investigating the institutionalization and professionalization of judicial interpretation. A total of 97 Court interpreters, professional interpreters for refugees, interpreters for the prosecutor's office and civilian interpreters for the national police agency have participated in the survey along with 17 people in charge of judicial interpreter selection in the prosecutor's office, national the police agency and the immigration office, which is an affiliated organization of the Ministry of Justice. Results confirmed that people in charge of selecting judicial interpreters placed actual judicial interpretation experience above other experiences and it also showed a high degree of dependence on interpreters who have already worked or are currently working for them in the judicial field. Questions in the survey regarding the role of the judicial interpreter and the expectations of judicial institutions revealed a gap that could likely bring confusion and conflict. Regarding the matter of introducing a certification system for judicial interpreters, judicial institutions were in favor of it for the reason of enhancing reliability while interpreters were in favor of it because they sympathized with the need to have professional judicial interpreters.

Subtitling is a challenging task due to the restrictions imposed on the process of creating the target text, such as time and spacial constraints, synchronization with screen, interplay with various visual and audio signs, and consideration for subtitle readability. In most cases, translators generate a condensed text that captures the essence of the spoken message and reflects the interaction and emotions depicted on the screen. There are a variety of resources the translator can tap into to facilitate this process, among them punctuation. Punctuation marks have great semiotic potential both in terms of their function and their meaning. Not only does it contribute to condensing the text length, it also can assist in creating a vivid image of the scene through its expressivity. This case study aims at exploring the role and meaning-making potential of punctuation marks in the Korean-English subtitles of Miss Granny, a 2014 Korean blockbuster that was a huge success both at home and abroad. The role and meaning-making potential of nine punctuation marks will be examined under the category of condensation, ending, pause, and miscellaneous.

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is known to produce better translation than Statistic Machine Translation(SMT). It can be natural that scholars and media show more interest in the emerging translation technology. However, it is difficult to define what makes a translation better than others. Furthermore, the claims about the NMT quality and wild guess about the future of translation are sometimes misleading and even worrisome. This means more objective and reliable diagnosis about the current state of NMT is necessary so that potential users and readers of machine translation can make informed decisions. Hence, this research aims to investigate if the media's approach, mainly driven by automatic evaluation, is valid and to review what has been considered as important aspects for translation evaluation in the previous translation studies. As a next step toward a more objective diagnosis, this research tries to compare three Neural Machine Translation (NMT) services available in Korea and assess their translation quality from various perspectives. In total, eight translation experts conducted a series of quality assessment on Korean to English and English and Korean translation. The analysis of the experts input will provide a few meaningful findings that can help build more objective yet prudent views on neural machine translation.

Thanks to the rapid development of Korean and Chinese language education, as well as translation education， the quality of Korean-Chinese translations has greatly improved. Misuses of lexical items and grammar were significantly reduced. Nevertheless, awkward and esoteric translations can still be easily found expecially in text level. In spite of having lots of text-centered, or text-linguistics views in translation theories, it is still difficult to find many practical studies in translation evaluations or translations practise using them. This paper is intended to apply such text-linguistics perspective to translation studies of Korean-Chinese. This paper sees translationese in text level as an linguistics phenomenon caused by the missing of textualities during translation. So the first task was to classify the textualities actually functioned in Korean and Chinese Translation and find out the differences between these two languages. Textualities was grouped into Micro level(Micro-structure) and Macro level(Macro-structure). And this paper focused on the Micro level which included re-acceptance, connection, tense and phase. And with a lot of example sentences, this paper demonstrated the possibility and necessity of a text-linguistic approach in translation researches, and should be helpful to improve the quality of Korean-Chinese Translations.

This paper attempts to provide a well-founded und more elaborate "answers" to the following questions often asked by practicing interpreters: (1) Between AB (L1-L2) and BA (L2-L1) interpretation, which one is more difficult? (2) What competencies are necessary for simultaneous interpretation (SI)? (3) Why is it particularly difficult to interpret numbers? To address these questions, the results of approximately 20 years of neuropsychological research on the topic of "interpretation" were analyzed from the practitioner’s perspective. The findings were as follows. (1) There are no differences in severity between L1-L2 and L2-L1 per se; however, the L1-L2 balance and the interpreter’s training determine the degree of difficulty associated with interpretation. The L2-L1 initially appears easier for the majority, as verbalization in the native language is smoother. However, well-trained interpreters with balanced bilingual competence find L1-L2 easier, especially as the receptive language might play a more decisive role, according to the aphasia study of Byng et al. (1982). (2) SI is, most of all, an “art” of attentional division and creation of primary semantic memory. The more training a simultaneous interpreter obtains, the stronger is the change associated with their anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). These brain regions are implicated in selective attention and creation of primary semantic memory, respectively. (3) The difficulty of interpreting numbers has little to do with the mathematical competence of the interpreters. It depends substantially on the ability to develop phonological memories during the formation of semantic memories as well as maintenance of these phonological memories in their original form without integration into a more abstract semantic memory. This type of competence is related to attention control as well.

In an era where machine translation is constantly improving with the accumulation of data, more research is needed in terms of finding the traits of human interpreters that distinguish them from their AI counterparts. This research draws attention to the need for more communicative approaches to interpreting pedagogy, focused on the retention of the speaker’s intentions in speech texts. The paper draws on the theoretical concepts that point to speaker’s intentions in communicative situations and how they are manifested in Korean speech texts. Then, the researcher analyzes the consecutive interpreting renditions made by interpreting students at a post-graduate T&I program in Korea to examine how the speaker’s intentions are delivered by novice interpreters during consecutive interpreting process using note-taking. Implications for note-taking pedagogy for consecutive interpreting from Korean to English is discussed in the final part of the paper.

This paper aims to categorize the errors of the Korean-Russian machine translation and establish pre-editing rules to improve the quality of machine translation. Result shows that types of errors include vocabulary and context error, typo, others, verbal error, (vocabulary/phrase) omission, (vocabulary/phrase) structural error and an error on a proper noun and number/time/date error in following order. Based on these, 10 pre-editing rules have been established and suggested. 1) The formal name must be used instead of an abbreviation for a particular organization. 2) numerical writing methods which use Korean units must be avoided. 3) address must be divided for each unit by using a comma. 4) in the case of date, correct information must be provided to identify the context such as year, month, date and etc. 5) the usage of polysemy or homonym must be avoided. 6) the meaning must be clarified. 7) the usage of dependent nouns which can cause confusion in identifying the context must be avoided 8) addition of unnecessary information(symbol) must be avoided 9) abbreviated subject must be clarified. 10) the sentence structure must be simplified. As a result of using these rules, it has been confirmed that the errors of machine translation have been significantly improved.