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This study uses a quantitative approach to classify translation errors into form-related and meaning-related errors when evaluating Arabic-Korean translation, with these errors further classified into five levels of magnitude to enable qualitative evaluation. The error scores gained in this manner were subtracted from a total of 100 points to produce a translation evaluation method that can measure the quality of a translation based on this score. When evaluating translation tests according to these criteria, it was found that the standards for classifying errors were not clear, and that many subjective opinions ended up being included when measuring the severity of an error. To strengthen the objectivity of the study, the results of evaluations made by multiple evaluators were compared for an identical translation text, after which errors were classified into different categories and specific examples provided for each category, thus narrowing the gap between different evaluators for an identical error. An additional element of evaluation was incorporated to complement this error-subtraction system, where evaluators could award additional points for portions when they felt the translator had done well despite the portion being difficult, which also helped to motivate learners. The goal of this study is, first, to investigate translation evaluation criteria for learner translators of Arabic-Korean; second, to compare and analyze the evaluation results of multiple evaluators based on specific evaluation criteria; third, to establish the basic framework upon which learners could be provided with quantified, objective and scientific evaluation results; and fourth, to be contributed to the development of education material to improve not only translation ability but also Arabic communication skills.

The purpose of this study is to examine whether pre-editing can contribute to the improvement of machine translation quality. From the perspective of translation throughput and speed, post-editing on machine translation can be far more effective. However, the post-editing process is entirely dependent on the quality of the machine translation result. Naturally, editing the source text before machine translation process is expected to enhance the quality of final product. In this study, we used 16 pairs of Korean articles and their English translations, and four pairs of samples were taken from a literary text and its English translation. All 20 samples were machine translated and eight evaluators were asked to assess the quality of MT1(machine translation only) and MT2(pre-edited before translation) in terms of fluency, fidelity, and comprehensibility. According to the observations of this study, pre-editing contributes to the improvement of machine translation quality, particularly in terms of fidelity.

Artificial Intelligence(AI) is all around us, from phones and cars to even conducting surgery and writing novels, impacting our everyday lives and work. The field of interpreting and translation has also been daunted by the rapid development of machine interpreting and translation. Certain parts of the interpreting and translation processes would surely been replaced by machine working; however, other parts, especially those that require delicate transfer of feelings and contexts, will remain in the domain of human working. Literary translation is a good case in point. Literary translation from Korean into English, in particular, needs to reflect the differences in the usage of both languages. Deborah Smith, the translator of The Vegetarian, mentioned that she had paid a lot of attention to transfer Korean that has characteristics of ambiguity, repetition, and plain prose to English that is characterized by precision, concision, and dynamism. She harnessed her competences of interpretation, decision-making, creative representation, and communication for readers to translate The Vegetarian, reflecting the differences between Korean and English. On the contrary, Google, one of the most frequently used neural machine translation systems, does not recognize the differences between Korean and English, and the differences are not reflected in literary translation, which gives rise to critical errors in final translation outcome. This detailed investigation on errors in literary translations done by Google gives us implications as to what machine translation cannot take over and where human translators can stand.

Free indirect style, also called free indirect discourse, can be one of the difficult problems that literary translators often encounter during their work. The Korean free indirect style is rarely mentioned with the narrative point of view in the study of Korean literature, and the linguistic features of the Korean free indirect style are not yet clarified by Korean linguistics. This is why this style can perplex literary translators who have to represent it in Korean. In this study, I examined sentences of Korean free indirect style from some Korean literary texts and proposed internal grammatical, stylistic, and typographic indices of Korean free indirect style on the basis of Park’s studies (2011, 2015) with their examples from Korean translations of Madame Bovary and L'Assommoir. I then explained how these indices produce heterogeneous voices in a sentence in order to suggest how free indirect style could be translated into Korean. Moreover, in this study I updated some additional indices of Korean free indirect style.

This survey research looks into the relationship between feedback on interpretation and learners’ anxiety. Based on the Affective Filter Hypothesis that learners’ motivation is low when the filter goes up, and learners’ anxiety is one of the critical factors determining the level of the affective filter, three research questions on interpretation feedback and learners’ anxiety are identified. A survey of 20 questions was developed and answered by 23 graduate students of interpretation and translation. The survey results reveal that there exists learners’ anxiety about interpretation feedback. The top five factors are the way feedback is presented, evaluation from peers, their own personality and low self-esteem, evaluation from instructors, and their own interpretation delivery. Also, students’ answers to further inquiry of open-ended questions reveal that they are concerned the most about feedback giver’s way of expressions and attitude. This study suggests that students are well aware of the importance of feedback in interpretation training and they are equipped with their own way of dealing with learners’ anxiety. This study also asserts that new pedagogy on interpretation feedback is needed for the new generation of students.

The purposes of this paper are firstly to grasp the status of telephone interpretation provided by a social organization ‘BBB Korea’, and secondly, to examine what kind of characteristics such interpretation has and what role it plays in Korean society. Therefore, the researcher analyzed 3,119 data of Russian interpretation which were requested for ‘BBB Korea’ in 2017. In the analysis results, not only did the characteristics of community interpretation appear in the telephone interpretation provided by ‘BBB Korea’, but it is also seen that the interpretation is available free of charge, the anonymity of the conversation participant is guaranteed, and the interpretation volunteers also played a role in transmitting information besides interpretation. It is found that these telephone interpretations, provided by social organization, serve as a bridge between the professional interpreters and the users, it will eliminate the blind spots of community interpretation that cannot be provided in the dimension of government sector, and prevent the loss of administrative power. As this study is the first study as to community interpretation by telephone provided by social organization, it is thus hoped that this will expand the horizon of community interpretation research in Korea and discuss the role of government and social organizations in solving communication problems of foreigners and migrants.

This study aims to examine research trends and methodologies in Korean-Arabic Translation and Interpretation Studies, from the beginning of the year 2001 to the first half of 2018 ; therefore, it reports on progress and changes made in the field during that period. Different journals and dissertations were compared to see dominant trends in research topics and methodologies in order to build a foundation for research into Korean-Arabic translation studies in the future. For this aim, research papers published in several academic journals; including,『Arabic Language and Literature』, 『The Islamic Studies』, 『Korean Journal of Middle East Studies』,『The Journal of the Institute of Middle East Studies』, 『Interpreting and Translation Studies』, 『Interpretation and Translation』, 『Studies in Foreign Language Education』, 『Interpretation and Translation Education』, and doctors' dissertations were analyzed. Results of the meta-analysis is put into perspective in order to diversify research topics and the study concludes that research topics and methodologies in Korean-Arabic translation studies have changed between three periods -(2001-2005),(2006-2010),and (2011-2018).

This paper aims to identify the sub-competences needed for consecutive interpreting in various communication conditions and develop an appropriate training model for strengthening the strategic sub-competence. For this, sub-competences including the strategic sub-competence for consecutive interpreting were defined. Considering that the strategic sub-competence covers situation analysis, problem solving as well as coordinating all the other sub-competences according to communication conditions, specific consecutive interpreting conditions were identified and classified. In addition, domestic consecutive interpreting demand for the past two years was collected and expert interviews were conducted to identify the specific condition factors worth covering in order to develop an effective and efficient training model. A model composed of three types of distinct conditions was developed and applied. Surveys conducted after each application reveal that the training model is effective in making students more conscious about different interpreting conditions and in developing their strategic competence.

The purpose of this study is to investigate punctuation translation strategy of the Korean-Russian machine translation and categorize the types of its errors. This study is also aims to seek practical implications for improving product quality of machine translation by establishment of pre-editing rules and its application. For this goals, corpus of articles in KBS World Radio were established, and quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out. The analysis results showed that both the punctuation translation strategy of machine and of human were almost same. However, the punctuation error rate by machine translation was 24.19% while the error rate by human translation was only 2.4%. To determine the cause of this, only the errors about punctuation by machine translation were classified, and the translation strategy was addition > shift > literal translation > omission. The type of punctuation marks causing errors in the source texts by machine translation was revealed. Then, the errors by machine were categorized by punctuation marks, and Pre-editing rules were created based on this. In addition, to verify the rules’ utility, the source texts and the texts translated by machine, the pre-edited source texts and the newly-produced texts by machine were comparatively analyzed. The analysis result showed that only the pre-editing rules applied to punctuation marks considerably improved sentence structure, grammar, omission, mistranslation and non-sentence.