Earticle

With a dramatic decrease in the number of face-to-face interactions, the COVID-19 pandemic has immensely affected the interpreting community; however, distance interpreting executed on various online platforms has emerged as a way to circumvent the difficulties in providing language services between parties around the world. Distance interpreting (DI), delivering interpreting services from a distant site, with the interpreters receiving both audio and visual input displayed on screens, presents some cognitive, emotional, technical, and physical difficulties to interpreters due to many reasons including a lack of social “presence” in remote interactions, the lack of visual perception of the conference hall, bad sound and image quality, and difficulties in handling technical devices. This case study investigates the limitations of DI and ways to overcome them based on the literature review and surveys conducted by the Korean Association of Translators and Interpreters (KATI) of 23 professional interpreters who have performed remote simultaneous and consecutive interpreting. Their answers to the survey were used in creating a checklist to guarantee professional-level performance during the DI session.

With a keen interest in the quality of MT output, errors in raw MT output have received much attention in domestic translation studies. However, errors in post-edited output have rarely been discussed, although a considerable amount of errors in raw MT output remain uncorrected even after the post-editing task. Against this backdrop, this study aims to investigate errors in post-edited output with Korean-English parallel translation corpus for AI training, released in 2019 by the National Information Society Agency. For this purpose, 300 parallel sentences with errors were collected in economic news corpus and then classified by error type. Analysis results showed a wide array of errors ranging from accuracy to readability, indicating the need to examine errors in post-edited output and major factors affecting the post-editing process.

This article aims to provide a systematic model for determining equivalents in legal translation based on comparative law methodology. Because of the inherent incongruity of legal terms between different legal systems, legal translators need to search for functional equivalents in the target legal system that convey similar concepts with the source legal system, and determine the acceptability of such equivalents. By adopting Šarčević (1997), this article presents a methodology for measuring the degree of functional equivalence and reliable means of compensating for terminological incongruence and other alternative equivalents in the case of low acceptability of functional equivalents. In order to demonstrate the process of determining functional and other linguistic equivalents, this article analyzes the English translation of “특수관계인(teok-su-gwan-gye-in)”, one of the complicated legal terminology in Korean law. The findings show that only partial or non-equivalence exists between the Korean term and its functional equivalent candidates, which requires other linguistic equivalents such as literal equivalents and borrowing supported by clarification strategies.

Marshall R. Pihl’s “The Tale of Hong Kiltong” is known as the first annotated English translation of Hŏ Kyun’s “Hong Kiltong chŏn” (Kyŏngp’an 24). It was published in Korea Journal in July 1968 and slightly revised and reproduced in Peter H. Lee’s Anthology of Korean Literature (1981). Pihl’s initial translation is divided into three sections: (1) the introduction of the original author and the translator (a short expository prologue), (2) the translated text (main story), and (3) the “Translator’s Notes to the Text” (seven endnotes). All these divisions are discussed in this article, with an emphasis on Pihl’s translation decisions. Specifically, extracts from the initial translation are examined in several thematic categories, including cultural references (e.g. kisaeng, li, yang), vague terms (e.g. mowol 某月, such-and-such month), Chinese transliterations (e.g. Lotao-kuo, yuldo 栗島), stock expressions (e.g., gaksŏl 却說, the story goes on), italicized paragraphs, and archaic words (e.g. yore, sire, forthwith). The extracts are then compared with the corresponding segments of the revised version in Lee’s anthology. This article concludes with brief discussion of Pihl’s views of literary translation and potential implications of his translations.

This paper explores translation strategies of a Netflix documentary series, Our Planet (2019), based on a contrastive analysis of the original narration and the Korean subtities. The thematic choices of the source text is contrasted to the first mentioned elements of the target text to examine the possibility of any congruency or discrepancy. The results are presented in three sub-topics - reference to the actor, transformation of thematic themes, integration of theme and rheme. Multiple translation strategies are illustrated throughout the subtitle excerpts that include cases such as added topical themes, omitted textual themes, added textual themes, reconstituted textual themes, pre-processed textual themes, and integrated theme and rheme. The last section demonstrates how the readability of subtitles can be enhanced by matching the original theme with the first mention in the translated clause. The findings of this study can be of practical use for AVT instructors, students, and novice translators who aspire to create subtitles of improved readability and effective condensation from the perspective of thematic structure.

L'article traite de l'enseignement de la prise de notes dans les cours en distanciel à l'ère de l'épidémie de Covid-19. Les sujets de cette recherche sont les étudiants en Master qui apprennent pour la première fois cette technique. Après avoir mis en place trois étapes pour enseigner la prise de notes, l'auteure effectue un sondage auprès de ces étudiants afin de déterminer la méthode la plus efficace. La première étape est un cours de type magistral où l'enseignant va montrer les grands principes de la prise de notes, les symboles ou les abréviations fréquemment utilisés. La deuxième étape est l'affichage de la version de la prise de notes de l'enseignant, employant la fonction de partage de l'écran dans le programme de visioconférence utilisé en cours. La troisième étape est la prise de notes en temps réel par l'enseignant, que les étudiants peuvent suivre sur leur propre ordinateur. Un questionnaire en ligne a été ensuite envoyé auprès des étudiants pour déterminer le mode le plus efficace.

This study conducted machine translation evaluation using GNMT and N2MT machine translation programs. The subject area is articles in the fields of social science and technical science. The evaluation items at the level of words, phrases, sentences, and text were presented, and the accuracy and fluency of Korean-Chinese machine translation were evaluated and analyzed in a 10-point scale. This paper categorizes the types of errors repeatedly appearing in machine translation into four and applied them as top evaluation items. Evaluation models were presented by supplementing and revising several evaluation models presented in previous studies. We will apply this to the text to be analyzed and examine the accuracy and difference of GNMT and N2MT. The analysis results are as follows. First, as a result of field evaluation, GNMT translated social science and technical science with almost the same accuracy. On the other hand, N2MT was significantly less accurate in translating technical science than in translating social science. Second, there were differences among error types, which were observed in translations of both GNMT and N2MT. The highest number of errors occurred at the word level for both neural network translators.

Understanding features of self-repairs is critical to the exploration of interpreters’ underlying self-monitoring mechanism. As most previous taxonomies just made slight amendments on Levelt’s tripartite taxonomy model — which is designed for monolingual speech production, they failed to match features of interpreting output. In order to resolve the defects of previous classifications, the present paper established an interpreting-tailored taxonomy of self-repairs, which categorized repairs into five major types with altogether nine sub-types. Rather than directly referring to Levelt’s model, each category in the new taxonomy is derived from the descriptive study of data collected from ten interpreting trainees, including their interpreting recordings, retrospection and notes. The qualitative analysis on distribution of each repair category also shows that trainees’ adoption of repairs is mainly triggered by competence deficiency rather than the attempt to facilitate communication.