Earticle

This paper explores the ways in which translation competence is constructed by translation receivers in an online translation debate. Translation assessment in cyberspace is becoming widespread as receivers in the target culture increasingly utilize digital technology to upload content, share comments and posts, and engage in various forms of interaction related to published translations. Based on an analysis of translation debate in an online discussion forum concerning the possible mistranslation of Steve Jobs, the present paper argues that translation competence is approached by translation receivers in terms of ‘representation competence’, ‘communication competence’, ‘consumer satisfaction competence’, ‘subject competence’, and ‘ethical competence’. The findings suggest that the ways in which translation competence is viewed by receivers is a reflection of a complex set of social and cultural demands placed on translations and translators.

This thesis makes analysis of Japanese news translation, focused on the expression of the end of sentences. Japanese has two clear speech levels in the end of sentences. When a translator translates a foreign language into Japanese, he/she must select speech level, “Keigo-tai” or “Futsu-tai”. Paying attention to this point, the researcher analyzed the speech level of ‘direct utterances’ in the Japanese major broadcasting news. As a whole, the use ratio of “Keigo-tai” was 39.5%, “Futsu-tai” was 59.3% and “Taigen-dome” was 1.2%. Comparison between male speaker and female speaker, female speaker’s “Keigo-tai” ratio was 45.1%, and male speaker’s “Keigo-tai” ratio was 36.5%. In the analysis according to the occupation of the speakers, businessman’s “Keigo-tai” ratio was highest(57.7%), and government official/politician’s “Keigo-tai” ratio was lowest(27.5%). Finally, in the comparison of the broadcasting station, TBS used “Keigo-tai” most (46.9%), and FujiTV’s “Keigo-tai” ratio was lowest(29.9%).

본 연구는 타 학문에서 활발히 사용되고 있는 동료 평가 및 동료 감수가 번역 수업에서도 효용성을 가지는지 파악하기 위한 첫 단계로 번역수업 중 수행된 동료 평가의 타당성(validity)을 검증하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본고에서는 학부 과정의 BA 번역수업에서 수집한 동료평가와 교사평가 자료를 피어슨 상관분석으로 분석함으로써 동료평가의 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 동료평가는 번역물에 총점만을 부여하는 총체적 평가(holistic assessment)와 4개의 평가 기준에 대해 각각 1-6 사이의 등급을 부여하는 분석적 평가(analytic assessment) 두 가지 방식으로 진행되었다. 데이터 분석 결과 총체적 평가에서는 피어슨 상관계수가 통계적 수준에서 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 분석적 평가에서는 4개의 평가 기준을 모두 포함할 때 학생과 교사의 평가가 5% 오차범위 내에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다 (r = .262). 이는 교사와 학생의 총체적 평가 간에 상호연관성이 없음을 의미하며 교사와 학생의 분석적 평가 간에는 낮은 상관관계가 존재함을 의미한다. 다시 4개 평가 기준을 독립적으로 분석한 결과 “의미”영역에서는 1% 오차범위 내에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 나타났으나 (r = .569), “표현”, “문체”, “중재” 영역에서는 상관관계가 통계적으로 유의한 수준에 도달하지 못하였다. 본 연구 결과 번역 수업 및 번역 경험이 거의 없는 학부생이 수행한 번역물에 대한 동료 평가는 “의미”를 기준으로 한 분석적 평가를 제외하고는 전반적으로 교사의 평가를 기준점으로 할 때 타당성이 적은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 번역물 평가에 대한 내재화된 기준 부재와 주어진 평가 기준에 대한 명확한 개념 미비가 주원인으로 사료된다.

Transediting is a form of translation commonly practiced by journalists. The practice often requires varying degrees of textual interventions so as to produce target texts that conform to the journalistic conventions and norms of the target culture. Since transeditors are institutional translators, it is likely that their interventions reflect ideological positions of their institutions and as a result, end up producing ideologically-charged texts. This study is an attempt to develop and test a model to analyze transedited news texts with an aim to reveal the ideological positionings of media institutions and how they affect the translation process and products. Drawing on Fairclough (1995)’s three-dimensional discourse analysis model and van Dijk (2011)’s model of ideological structure analysis, this paper investigates a range of textual interventions by transeditors on the foreign news articles (ST) and their transedited versions (TT) regarding the controversial “Four Rivers Project.” The paper discusses how media institutions manipulate the messages of the STs to produce TTs that are better aligned with their ideological positions.

Although “we are born into the world that has been translated for translator can be expressed, however, it has not been actively researched in translation studies. Identifying the translator's social visibility through epitext is closely related to translator studies, which explicitly focus on the translator as an agent, rather than on translations as texts. This paper analyzes the epitext of The Road translated by Chong, Young-Mok. Various elements of social visibility such as identity, socioeconomic status, and social dynamics of the translator were identified. Chong, in the epitext, argues that he pursues literal translation, which can contribute to increasing textual visibility. However, textual visibility in his translation and paratextual visibility in the epitext are not linked to the enhancement of extratextualvisibility or social visibility, as he just describes the role and status of the translator rather than voicing out his opinions on how they should be. Further studies on epitext generated by various translators will be helpful for understanding the translator in social and cultural context.

In recent decades the Korean pronoun geunyeo (commonly known cases. Against this background, the present study aims to compare two age groups with respect to their perceptions of geunyeo in different textual conditions. For this purpose, small-scale questionnaire surveys were conducted among 100 undergraduate students majoring in translation and 200 fifth-grade students at an elementary school. The respondents were asked to read four short texts and state their thoughts on whether instances of geunyeo appear natural.

Terminology is a crucial part of Translation Studies. Since there has been less interest among translators in developing or following a guideline for a terminology database, I felt urged to analyze the ISO standards related to terminology and to introduce a brief history about ‘ISO/TC 37’, the technical committee specialized for terminology at the ISO. I analyzed in this study three ISO standards: ‘ISO 1087-1 Terminology work－Vocabulary－Part 1：Theory and application’, ‘ISO 704 Terminology work－Principles and methods’ and ‘ISO 860 Terminology work－Harmonization of concepts and terms’. ISO 1087-1 is about defining all the possible vocabulary used to explain other ISO standards for terminology, whereas ISO 704 is about analyzing the structural relation between concepts. ISO 860 describes the process of so-called ‘harmonization’ during building a terminology database. Despite the elaborated analysis of these standards, needs remain for the translators for a practical use of them. Therefore I suggest as a further study to simplify the standards and to draw a practical guideline for the translators.

This paper attempts to explore issues surrounding learner as the basis of teaching these days, there are few examples of hard evidence to prove it is actually well implemented in interpreting and translation classes. Considering how difficult it is to investigate conceptual matters in real educational contexts, an initiative was devised to encourage learner-initiated learning where learners took the role of teacher, coming up with strategies to overcome difficulties and deficiencies they identified through self analysis of their own consecutive interpreting performance. By identifying four areas of weakness in their interpreting - lack of background information, lack of ability to utilize diverse expressions, lack of ability to handle cultural terms, and lack of understanding of interpreting context - learners came up with diverse approaches to tackle these areas within a collaborative and exciting learning environment. It will be interesting to compare these observations with teachers' approaches.

프랑스 문학이 개화기를 전후로 한국에 번역 소개되어 한국문학의 발전에 상당한 영향을 끼친 것은 널리 알려진 사실이다. 시나 소설 작품은 말할 것도 없이 문학이론과 사상에 이르기까지 20세기 초, 프랑스와 한국은 오로지 번역을 통해 매개되는 타자들이었다. 이러한 사실은 국내의 다양한 연구를 통해 상당부분 규명되었고, 구체적인 사례들에 대한 연구들이 출간된 바 있다. 본 논문은 이와는 반대로, 개화기에 프랑스어로 번역된 최초의 한국시의 현황과 의의를 살펴보는 데 주안점을 두었다. 개화기는 비단 한국의 번역사에서 중요한 시기일 뿐만 아니라, 세계 번역사에서도 상당히 중요한 시기라고 할 수 있는데, 그 까닭은 타자에 대한 관심과 타문화에 대한 이해의 의지가 주로 번역을 통해 그 모습을 드러내기 때문이다. 본 논문은 모리스 꾸랑이 프랑스어로 작성한 방대한 한국서지 자료와 이를 통해 소개된 한국시의 번역과 가치, 조르주 뒤크로크가 제 여행기에서 소개한 한국시와 번역의 가치를 살펴보고자 시도하였으며, 연구 과정에서 원문과의 대조가 가능한 경우에 한하여 이들이 프랑스어로 번역하고 인용한 부분을 한국어 원문과 상호 비교 및 검토를 진행하였다. 이와 반대로 원문의 규명이 가능하지 않거나 원문이 존재하지 않는 경우(예를 들어, 원달고가 와 뒤크로크가 소개한 한국시 전반), 프랑스어로 번역된 의의를 살펴보는 데 주안점을 두었다. 모리스 쿠랑의 경우, 한국의 서지 전반을 조사하고 그 목록을 소개하는 차원에서 작업을 진행했다고 알려져 있지만, 실로 쿠랑이 프랑스에서 출간한 세 권의 <한국서지>와 <한국서지 : 부록>, <한국 연구노트>는 우리에게는 여전히 연구의 대상인데, 그 까닭은 단순한 목록을 제시하는 수준에 머무는 것이 아니라, 한국 고유의 문학 장르와 문화 전반에 관한 설명과 (부분)번역을 곁들이고 있기 때문이다. 국내에부분 번역된 바 있는 쿠랑의 보고서는 향후 서지학, 역사학, 문학, 도상학 등의 다양한 차원에서 연구를 진행해야만 그 가치를 조망할 수 있을 것이다. 나아가 쿠랑은 한국시를 번역하는 데 그치지 않고, 시조, 가사, 잡가, 시가 등에 대해 프랑스어로 직접 그 의미를 설명하였다. 이처럼 歌曲源流(시조), 春眠歌(가사), 원달고가 , 방아타령 (잡가)의 일부를 프랑스어로 번역하였으며, 엄격하고 진지한 연구를 통해 원저자를 소개하고 문화적ㆍ사회적ㆍ역사적ㆍ언어적 배경을 살피어, 한국시의 서지를 정리하는 작업을 진행하였다. 그는 이러한 배경 하에 조선 말기에 출간된 가곡집 南薰太平歌를 소개하였고, 이와 더불어 당시의 한국어에 대한 소개 및 정의를 통해 자신의 연구도 개진하였다. 한편 뒤크로크가 프랑스어로 번역, 소개한 한국시들은, 뒤크록 자신이 언급하고 있는 것처럼, 시조나 가사에 속하는 한국전통의 시작품일 것으로 추정되나, 원문을 병기하지 않아, 프랑스어로 번역된 텍스트의 제목만으로 한국어 원문을 확인하기 어려운 난점이 있다. 그러나 뒤크로크가 선보인 한국시의 프랑스어 번역과 소개를 통해 우리는 당시 한국시에 대해 뒤크로크가 어떤 개념을 갖고 있었으며, 어떠한 관점을 바탕으로 한국시를 프랑스어로 번역을 감행하였는지를 살펴볼 수 있었다.

In language studies, punctuation research is very important. South Korea and China have a few research papers in punctuation. Few researchers are concernig to the punctuation. Therefore, there is very little contrast in punctuation between Chinese and Korean. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a contrastive analysis and present translation strategy in the use of colon and semicolon in Korean and Chinese. Chinese and Korean colon have three aspects in common and three different points. There is no semicolon in Korean. Chinese semicolon has three functions.

Due to widley spread media and the growth of new media, media articles, TV news and movies has been actively carried out. However, radio texts which were classified as audio-medial texts by Reiß in 1971 have not gained attention in interpreting and translation studies. Therefore, this paper analyzed the aspects of radio text translation. Subjects of analysis are radio texts broadcasted by KBS World Radio which are translated from Korean to German. This paper found various aspects of radio text translation as other studies on news text translation had found. Contents that are unnecessary of difficult for the audience of the target language were deleted. New contents were added to help understanding. In addition, contents were modified according to practices of language usage and how the radio texts are written.

Subtitling movies in Spanish is a common practice in most of Latin American countries, but not in Spain, where the dubbing is the most common practice. However, the specialized movies in Spain also are subtitled. Subtitling in Spanish is a very demanding work if we consider that the Spanish, compare to English or to one Asian language like Korean for example, is a language of longer sentences when trying to express the original ideas of the other language. However, there are some techniques that accounts when subtitling and it is very important to consider them when a translator is going to do his job of subtitling movies in Spanish language. Those practices, referred as pragmatic aspects in this research, must be applied, but when doing so it is necessary to keep the translation study rules known in this field in order to get a final work in subtitling that satisfied the viewers in their mother language.