Earticle

The demand for convergence-oriented professionals with global competencies and strong intellectual property(IP) capabilities is rapidly increasing in the content industry. Interpreters and translators, who inherently possess advanced linguistic proficiency and cultural mediation skills, are well positioned to meet this growing demand when equipped with domain-specific knowledge in the content industry. However, in practice, transitioning into this sector remains a significant challenge for many professionals. Key barriers include the lack of accessible entry pathways for career transitions, insufficient educational programs tailored to interpreters and translators in the content IP field, and a limited number of collaborative initiatives between academia and industry. This study explores potential career trajectories and emerging professional roles that interpreters and translators can pursue beyond their traditional functions within the content industry. In an effort to cultivate professional communicators with specialized knowledge in content IP, the study proposes the introduction of a micro-degree program within graduate schools of translation and interpretation. Designed as an immersive, modular, and intensive educational track, this program aims to rapidly equip trainees with the specialized competencies demanded in industry settings. The proposed program presents potential benefits for multiple stakeholders: academic institutions aiming to implement innovative educational models amid a shifting industrial landscape; the content IP industry, which requires communication professionals prepared to respond effectively to real-world demands of the field; and trainees seeking continuous professional development and career diversification.

This paper examines the challenges and strategies in translating academic terms formed with the prefixes inter-, trans-, and post-. Although translation studies have traditionally focused on units larger than individual words, this study underscores the importance of morphological awareness in translating complex, prefix-based terminology. It identifies three primary challenges in rendering these neologisms into Korean: (1) a heavy reliance on transliteration and literal translation, which often diminishes clarity and accessibility; (2) the distortion or loss of internal semantic relationships within compound terms; and (3) frequent misinterpretations arising from the polysemous and context-sensitive nature of these prefixes. Through analysis of the internal semantic structures of such formations, the paper explores various translation strategies. By analyzing the internal semantic structures of such formations, the paper explores various translation strategies. While transliteration remains prevalent, the study argues that accurate and meaningful translations are generally attainable due to the relative semantic transparency of these terms. Emphasizing morphological awareness, this research seeks to promote more effective translation practices and improve the precision and readability of academic discourse in Korean.

This study examines two Korean (re)translations ofKorea and Her Neighbours (1898) by Isabella Bird Bishop, a travelogue recounting her experiences in Korea during the late 19th century. It investigates how translators with differing professional backgrounds, academic interests, and ideological orientations intervene in the translation process to reframe the source text. Through a comparative textual analysis of the two translations−published in 1994 and 1999−alongside an examination of the translators’ profiles, this study reveals that both translators actively (re)framed the source text and its author through their use of paratextual elements, such as translator’s notes and footnotes, in addition to their interventions in the text proper. The 1999 retranslation, in particular, exhibits a pronounced degree of intervention, especially in sections that feature the author’s imperialist and orientalist perspectives on Korea or portray Japan’s colonization of Korea as justified.

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of TalkTrack, a hybrid feedback platform designed to enhance interpreter training by leveraging the crucial role of feedback. TalkTrack automatically detects disfluencies in interpreting and visualizes them, thereby providing immediate feedback to learners. In addition to AI-generated feedback, the platform allows instructors to offer qualitative evaluations, thereby enabling more detailed and comprehensive feedback. To assess the platform's feasibility, usability experiments were conducted with instructors and students from a graduate school of interpretation and translation. The findings indicate that users responded positively in terms of functional adequacy, overall satisfaction, and educational effectiveness, suggesting that the platform successfully met its intended objectives. The results of this study confirm that a hybrid feedback system can serve as an effective tool for enhancing both the quality and quantity of feedback in interpreter training. With continuous improvements, TalkTrack is expected to evolve into a technology-enhanced learning (TEL) tool that facilitates interaction between instructors and learners in interpreter education.

This study examines how stylistic devices that create suspense and psychological tension in Agatha Christie’s And Then There Were None are reproduced in two Korean translations. Focusing on three key stylistic elements－(1) sentence structure and rhythm, (2) punctuation and visual pacing, and (3) repetition and emphasis—the study analyzes how genre-specific effects are retained or transformed in translation. The original text uses short, fragmented sentences to convey anxiety and psychological disturbance. TT1 largely preserves this rhythm, maintaining narrative tension, while TT2 adopts more refined, complex sentences, enhancing fluency but softening emotional immediacy. Regarding punctuation, the source text employs ellipses, dashes, and exclamation marks to visualize emotional rupture and shifting thoughts. TT1 reflects these visual markers, sustaining the affective rhythm, whereas TT2 prioritizes semantic clarity, resulting in a diminished sense of psychological tension. In terms of repetition, the original emphasizes obsessive thoughts and escalating emotions through repeated words and phrases. TT1 replicates these patterns to retain suspense and immersion, while TT2 tends to paraphrase or substitute synonyms, emphasizing clarity at the expense of emotional build-up. The study concludes that stylistic choices in translation significantly affect the recreation of suspense in detective fiction.

This study explores how learners apply metacognitive strategies in a professional translation course through generative AI-based MTPE (machine translation post-editing) tasks. Comparing human translation (HT) and MTPE phases in a graduate translation program, the study analyzed students’ assignments, protocols, and interviews. Results show that learners used significantly more monitoring and evaluation strategies during the MTPE phase. They critically assessed AI outputs for errors and consistency, enhancing their self-regulated translation competence. The findings suggest that generative AI can serve as a cognitive partner, supporting strategic thinking in translator training. This study highlights the value of metacognitive strategy-based instruction and suggests that AI-integrated MTPE tasks can foster reflective, self-directed learning in translation education.

This study explores how undergraduate translation students collaborate with generative AI in translating advertising texts and examines the educational potential of human-AI creative partnerships. Translation students worked with Microsoft Copilot to translate a UK magazine advertisement, producing AI-assisted drafts. They then reviewed these drafts and, if necessary, made revisions to finalize the translation. The analysis of AI-student interactions revealed several key insights. Students actively improved the translation by adjusting grammar, phrasing, and style, with particular attention to genre-specific features that made the translation more fitting for advertising. Additionally, students gave direct feedback to the AI, showcasing a proactive approach to shaping the translation’s direction. A comparison between AI-generated outputs and the final revisions revealed that most translations involved modifying the AI’s suggestions, underscoring the translators’ creative decision-making and emphasizing the role of human agency in the translation process. These findings highlight the potential of AI as a collaborative tool that encourages creative thinking and strengthens translation skills in educational contexts, while also illustrating the vital role of human creativity and initiative in the translation process.

Interpreting has been practiced for a long time, but it only became a formal academic subject in the 1980s. Among the various areas of research, interpreting education has continued to receive attention. However, only a small number of studies have examined how it has developed over time. This study reviews 218 research papers written in Korean between 1973 and December 2024, including 185 journal articles and 33 academic theses. These studies, related to both undergraduate and graduate programs, were grouped into themes such as teaching methods, curriculum design, testing and evaluation, technology use, and learner issues. The findings show that most studies focused on graduate students and primarily discussed English interpreting. Many papers addressed conference and consecutive interpreting, while fewer studies dealt with community interpreting, two-way interpreting, or remote interpreting. Although there was considerable interest in teaching methods and course content, relatively few studies explored interpreting theory or the use of AI tools. One key issue identified was the lack of research on native language proficiency, which is essential for interpreters but often overlooked. Therefore, future interpreter training needs to better align with the types of interpreting competence demanded by the times, based on the current state of interpreter education research examined in this study.

Han Kang's The Vegetarian is a tripartite novel composed of three interconnected sections- "The Vegetarian", "Mongolian Mark," and "Flaming Trees"-which depict the complex and layered manifestations of violence primarily experienced by the protagonist, Yeong-hye, and also affecting her husband, brother-in-law, and sister, In-hye. This study examines how the novel's central theme-the inherent violence of human nature-is represented in its two Chinese translations, using Appraisal Theory as the analytical framework. It explores the forms of violence embodied by the main characters, identifies key expressions that convey such violence in the original, and analyzes how Appraisal resources shift across the translations. The analysis reveals that both Chinese translations exhibited notable variations in the modulation of Appraisal intensity, particularly in the use of intensification and mitigation strategies. In particular, the dampening of intensity often hinders the representation of violence in the original text, underscoring the importance of accurately interpreting and carefully managing Appraisal intensity in translation. At the same time, these findings suggest that variation in Appraisal can serve as an effective tool for reproducing the core themes of the source text and may be employed as a deliberate translation strategy.

This study aims to identify conceptual characteristics of ‘transcendental translation1)(초월번역)’, a term increasingly used by the general public in Korea to refer to a translation that ‘transcends’ the source text in the sense that it either significantly deviates from, or is superior to, the source text. Despite the relatively frequent use of this new term in Korea, no academic attempt has been made to explore the distinctive features of the concept. By examining news articles and online community comments on transcendental translation and relevant examples, this study identifies the defining features of ‘transcendental translation’ and compares them with those of the similar concept ‘transcreation’ to elicit precise and systematic features of ‘transcendental translation’. Findings are as follows: 1) ‘transcendental translation’ involves less dramatic transformation of the original text than ‘transcreation’ due to its fidelity to the original text; 2) It is used to refer to process, products and reception compared to ‘transcreation’ which only applies to process and product; 3) It covers interlinguistic, intralinguistic and intersemiotic translation which is wider than interlinguistic and intersemiotic translation for ‘transcreation’. As the first attempt to explore conceptual characteristics of ‘transcendental translation’, this study can both expand and deepen Translation Studies and foster active discourse between translation studies and popular culture studies. It can also promote a more systematic and sophisticated understanding and accurate use of the term among the general public while enhancing the public perception of the competencies of translators engaged in the complicated translation work.

This study aims to evaluate the quality of AI translation in comparison to human translation, identify challenges in applying metaphor translation methods to AI-generated texts, and examine the relationship between translation quality and the strategies employed. The analysis delves into the Korean translation of metaphorical expressions from the Chinese literary work Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk, utilizing outputs from Google Translate and ChatGPT. The initial step of this study involved the categorization and statistical analysis of translation errors generated by AI. The findings show that literal translations and omissions were relatively infrequent, whereas distortions of meaning and stylistic issues were more prevalent. Furthermore, this study revealed that the types and frequency of errors were reduced when AI translation employed the same methods as human translation. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will serve as foundational data for future research. However, the study is constrained by limited data and a lack of diversity, which calls for further investigation to overcome these limitations.

While rhetoric is an art developed over two thousand years, the translation of rhetorical schemes and devices yet remains a murky territory, especially between language pairs belonging to different linguistic and cultural traditions, as in English and Korean. In an attempt to depart from discussions based on tone and nuance toward a more empirical approach to this issue, this article analyzes how specific rhetorical schemes are handled in the Korean translations of writings by the English polemicist Christopher Hitchens. The examination found that rhetorical schemes such as antithesis and hyperbaton were often toned down in translation, especially when the structures were combined with sound patterns and figurative language, due to the complex tonal effects sought in the original English. However, the examination also found cases that succeeded in accurately rendering these effects into Korean, which showed that rhetoric can be effectively translated from English into Korean; by first determining the rhetorical scheme of the sentence; secondly by recognizing the tonal effects created by sound patterns and other various devices of rhetorical style; and thirdly by maximizing these effects by utilizing adverbs, noun markers and verb endings, which are the basic tools of rhetorical style in Korean.

If Kauders (1929) is regarded as the ‘dawn’ of brain research in the fields of translation and interpreting (T/I), we are now looking back at a century of researches in this area. Rarely an area in the translational science has its research methodology so dramatically changed as in this field. Advances in neuroimaging techniques as well as a deeper understanding of the human brain, have significantly enhanced our capacity to explore the neural mechanisms underlying translation processes. While the field's findings remain somewhat preliminary, they now offer reasonably coherent insights into the translating brain, a century after the field’s beginning. This paper aims to classify significant brain research within T/I over the past 100 years according to I.a. research designs and findings, dividing the history into four periods: the 1920s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2010s. The most notable results from each period are summarized and discussed in relation to the current state of knowledge.

This study examines how collaborative translation has been approached in Korean scholarship and explores its conceptual framework and potential for development. Unlike in international research, where the term is more clearly defined, collaborative translation remains underused and insufficiently theorized in Korea. To address this gap, the study analyzes 254 academic papers to identify prevailing trends and limitations. Findings show that machine-centered approaches dominate (61.4%), focusing mainly on MT evaluation and translation education, while studies on professional collaboration between human translators and MT systems are relatively scarce. Human-centered studies (38%) encompass both multi-translator models—such as online collaboration, relay translation, and co-translation—and single-translator models involving collaboration with editors, proofreaders, clients, and others. Despite the widespread practice of co-translation, it remains underexplored in academic literature, exposing a gap between industry and academia. Existing classification models also fail to account for cases where a single translator assumes multiple roles, underscoring the need for a more nuanced framework that considers the intensity, stages, and dynamics of collaboration. This study highlights the need for a clearer and more comprehensive conceptualization of collaborative translation, and calls for future research that bridges theoretical insights with evolving technological and professional practices.