Earticle

학습권은 학습과 지적 탐구라는 인간의 본성에 근거한 권리로서 인간적인 성장․발달의 권리이자 문화적인 생존의 권리이며 국민주권의 원리를 실현하는 권리이기도 하다. 이러한 학습권은 헌법의 명문규정에 의하여 인정될 뿐만 아니라 교육에 관한 기본권으로서 헌법 원리상 인정되는 헌법적 자유이기도 하다. 또한 국민의 학습권은 기본적 인권의 하나이며 국민주권의 원리를 실현하는 기본권이기도 하다. 오늘날의 공교육제도에서 대부분의 국가는 헌법에 의하여 인정되는 학생의 학습권을 보장할 의무를 지고 있으며, 이러한 의무를 이행하고 학생의 학습권을 보장하기 위하여 교육정책을 적극적으로 실현하고 있다. 교육에 관한 국가의 권한의 범위와 관련하여 현재 우리나라의 다수설은 교육의 외적 제 조건의 조성의무뿐만 아니라 교육내용에 대한 결정권까지 포함된다고 보고 있다. 그러나 국가의 교육권한과 관련하여 교육의 외적 조건이 아닌 교육내용에 대한 국가의 지배․개입의 권한을 전면적으로 인정하는 것은 문제가 있다. 결국 오늘날의 공교육제도 하에서 국가는 교육의 모든 외적 조건을 정비해야만 하지만, 교육내용에 대해서는 학생의 학습권 보장을 위하여 교사의 교육활동의 자유와 독립을 보장하는, 필요최소한도의 제한된 범위의 대강적 사항에만 관여하여 하는 것이 타당하다.

The right to learn is based on the nature of human being to learn and to research the truth. And this is the right to grow and develop the ability as human being and the right to cultural life. And this is the right to true out the principle of national sovereignty. This right to learn of student is guaranteed by the article of the constitution and the constitutional freedom recognized by the principle of constitution as the fundamental right to education. And the right to learn of the citizens is one of the fundamental right and the fundamental right to realize the principle of national sovereignty. Under the public education system in these days, most nations have the duty to guarantee the right to learn of student by constitution and are realizing the educational policy to carry out these duty and to guarantee the right to learn of student. The major theory in the Korea relating to the boundary and limit of the nation's authority for education is that it's included not only the duty to make external environment of education but also the right to decide the contents of education. But there are some problems for the nation to have educational authority to decide not the external environment of education but the contents of education exclusively. Finally, under the public education system in these days, the nation has to arrange the every external environment of education. But it is resonable and right to guarantee the freedom and right to education of school teachers for the right to learn of student the contents of education only. And it is needed to control the outline factors limited boundaries as a necessary condition.

Ⅰ. 서 설 Ⅱ. 현행 헌법소원제도의 기본권보호제도로서의 불충분성 1. 문제의 소재 2. 심판대상에서 행정처분 제외 문제 3. 심판대상에서 재판소원 제외 문제 Ⅲ. 현행 재판소원금지제도의 위헌성 여부 1. 문제의 소재 2. 학설과 판례 3. 헌법재판소 판례 4. 헌법위임과 입법형성권 5. 보충성의 원칙과 재판소원금지 6. 재판소원금지의 정당화논리로서 사법작용의 기본권보호기능 문제 7. 재판소원 인정의 경우 대법원의 권한침해로 인한 위헌성 문제 8. 소 결 Ⅳ. 결론 : 현행 헌법소원제도의 기본권보호제도로서의 충분조건 참 고 문 헌 <ABSTRACT>

Nach dem Artikel 111 Abs.1 Nr.5 der Verfassung ist die Verfassungsbeschwerdeverfahren durch ein Gesetz bestimmt. Damit hat der Gesetzgeber in § 68 Abs.1 Satz 1 des Verfassungsgerichtsgesetzes(d.h. VerfGG) so geregelt, daß derjeniger, der durch Handlung oder Unterlassung der öffentlichen Gewalt in einem seiner Grundrechte verletzt ist, die Verfassungsbeschwerde zum Verfassungsgericht außerhalb der Entscheidungen der Gerichten erheben kann. Nur gemäß § 68 Abs.1 Satz 2 VerfGG kann die Verfassungsbeschwerde erst nach Erschöpfung des Rechtswegs zulässig sein: Vor Erhebung der Verfassungsbeschwerde muß der Beschwerdeführer gemäß § 68 Abs.1 Satz 2 VerfGG den in der maßgeblichen Prozeßordnung vorgesehenen Rechtsweg erschöpfen. Aber das Verbot der Urteilsverfassungsbeschwerde mit dem Grundsatz der Subsidiarität im VerfGG hat zur Folge, daß nicht nur die Entscheidungen von Gerichten sondern auch die meisten vollziehenden Gewalten im Gegenstand der Verfassungsbeschwerde beseitigt werden. Das kann nicht in Übereinstimmung mit der Funktion und Bedeutung der Verfassungsbeschwerde sein. Im § 68 Abs.1 VerfGG ist die Gestaltungsfreiheit des Gesetzgebers überlassen. Deshalb muß das Verfassungsgericht durch Änderung der seinen früheren Entscheidung § 68 Abs.1 VerfGG verfassungswidrig erklären. Gleichzeitig muß der Gesetzgeber die Entscheidungen der Gerichten im Gegenstand der Verfassungsbeschwerde einschließen.

Nach der rechtsvergleichenden Untersuchung zwischen dem Bad Dürkheimer Godelbahn-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts und der Regelungsstruktur des Art.23 Abs.3 der Koreanischen Verfassung geht man davon aus, daß die Fremdenverkehrseinrichtungen in Korea im Verhältnis zum Art.14 Abs.3 GG den Charakter des Gemeinwohls haben. An dieser Stelle stellt sich die grundsätzliche Frage, wonach die Öffentlichkeit der PFI-Vorhaben entschieden werden soll, die gegebenenfalls die Enteignung zugunster Privater zulassen? Erstens wird die Öffentlichkeit der Fremdenverkehrseinrichtungen als vorhanden angesehen, wenn sie entweder der allgemeinen Bevölkerung ohne besondere Schwierigkeiten zugänglich gemacht werden oder darauf ausgerichtet sind, den verfassungsrechtlich angekerten Staatszielen einschließlich der Kulturstaatlichkeit zu entsprechen. Zweitens wird die erhöhte Öffentlichkeit der Fremdenverkehrseinrichtungen insofern anerkannt, als sie der effektiven und gleichgewichtlichen Benutzung der gesamten Landfläche dienen. Drittens ist der Staat verfassungsrechtlich in der Lage, mit der Einrichtung der Fremdenverkehrsanlagen die wirtschaftliche Lage bestimmter Regionen zu fördern.

International human rights are the freedoms, immunities, and benefits that, based on modern values at an international level, all human beings should be able to claim as a matter of right in society in which they live. According to Thomas Risse and Kathryn Sikkink's spiral model, there are five steps of internalization of international human rights norms. These steps are as follows: (1) repression and activation of the international network; (2) denial by the oppressing state; (3) tactical concession by the oppressor; (4) “prescriptive status,” including signing treaties; (5) rule-consistent behavior. This model highlights that the diffusion of human rights norms occurs not simply through the legal institutionalization, such as signing treaties and enacting international human rights norms into law, but accepting these norms as part of a society's culture. The historical experiences of the U. S., Western Europe, and Russia show side effects in adopting of laws and treaties to guarantee international human rights in the absence of the enculturation such human rights norms. Finally, I think that adjusting international human rights norms to domestic law needs to go hand in hand with cultural changes. It is also important that legal protections should not go beyond a society's culture. It is certain that if laws and institutions proceed too far beyond a society culture, the society will be plunged in confusion.

In modern society, there are lots of food issues. For example, right to food, food safety, food security and food sovereignty. The main problem in food issues is how to provide adequate food to all people because right to food is the social, economic and political right. This means people have to get food quantitatively and qualitatively. However, 'The Food Safety Act' cannot guarantee to fulfill this purpose because the government did not consider the need of the independent body and public communication system compared with EU and Japan. Moreover, self-sufficient in food is the new issue but it is not taken into account in this act. Therefore, for successful food safety management, the government have to consider these things.

세계화는 사람들의 국제적 이동 뿐 아니라, 동․식물의 이동이라는 불가피한 결과를 초래한다. 또한, 국가 간 교역의 증가로 인해 선박에 의한 수송이 불가피하게 되었고, 공선박(空船舶)의 항행 안전을 위해 필요한 밸러스트수는 각 국의 고유한 해양생물들이 다른 나라의 해양 생태계에 전파하는 매개체가 되었다. 이주되는 해양생물들을 긴 항해를 이기고 다른 생태계에 오더라도 그 환경이 생존에 적합하지 않거나 이미 천적이 있다면 문제가 되지 않지만, 만약 그렇지 않다면 아주 심각한 결과를 초래한다는 것이 많은 연구들을 통해 증명되었다. 이를 방지하기 위한 국제기구 또는 개별 국가들의 노력이 꾸준히 전개되고 있는데, 이 논문은 이와 관련된 국제환경법적 논점들을 정리한다. 특히 사전배려의 원칙, 주권독립의 원칙, 예방의 원칙, 협동의 원칙 및 생물학적 종다양성 보호 등과 관련한 부분을 검토하며, 이런 원칙들이 구체적으로 어떻게 반영되고 있는지 살펴본다. 더불어, 국제적 차원에서 밸러스트수 문제를 어떻게 다루고 있는지 역사적 순서에 따라 또 실효성이 있는 기구들의 가이드라인 위주로 정리한다. 물론 이런 가이드라인이 법적 구속력을 가지고 있지 않다는 근본적 한계가 있지만, 한편 미국이나 호주 등 개별 국가들이 개별법을 제정하여 실효적으로 제한하고 있다는 점을 밝혀둔다. 끝으로 법적인 논점은 아니지만, 밸러스트수로 인한 문제를 해결하기 위한 기술적 노력들이 지속적으로 이루어지고 있으므로 이에 대한 간단한 서술과 함께, 결론에서 기술개발 및 선주․관련 국가․어업 관련자․환경론자들의 국제적인 협력을 통해 해결 방안을 찾아야 한다는 점, 이런 해결 방안의 바탕에는 국제환경법의 기본 원리가 존재함을 강조한다.

Crimes are continuously committed throughout the world and it has been problem for every society. Looking back the history, there have been some serious crimes that triggered outrages in the society and hate crime must be one of those. Long ago, there was holocaust by the Nazis and in the recent days, 9.11 terrorism against U.S has been great issue in the world. Other than these enormous crimes, there was Jijon-pa incident in 1994 and Yu Young Chul incident in 2004 in Korea. The series of crimes caused by prejudice, bias and conflicts was a great shock to our society. In this study, we have looked into the hate crimes to find out its concept and similar crimes. Also, its causes have been analyzed based on its background situation. The concept of hate crime was first established in the law related to hatred relationship in U.S. By applying this to our society to establish the concept, hate crime refers to crimes motivated by the hatred feelings caused by hate, aversion or prejudice, and bias. It refers to the crimes that have essential connection with causal relationships and its object for hatred feeling is based on bias against race, religion, sexual preference, nationality, age, disability, sex, origin, marital status or economic status in the society. It refers to the crimes committed in the ordinary crime forms with the secondary hatred feeling which corresponds to the above bias. On the other hand, the causes of these hate crimes are the flood tide of prejudice and economic inequality in the society and absence in the role of homes and domestic violence. Also, there are personal problems in the brain function not being able to control the rage or hostility and psychological problems. Which means, the people who commit hate crimes face various problems in personal, domestic and social life while not being able to control or resolve anger, aversion, and fear. Rather looking for the causes in themselves, they blame the society for their situation or circumstance. Meanwhile, secondary feeling, namely 'hate' takes place and they get to commit hate crimes through expressing such feeling. Furthermore, we need to take counter measures against these hate crimes in the future. Not only the criminal private law institution but also education site and the society should try to develop and implement appropriate programs for the teenagers and adults to learn to control or resolve their anger and hatred feelings. Accurate concept of hate crime should be established and laws in relation with policy for the prevention must be legislated. It is expected that adequate counter measures would be developed soon based on various studies.

The various medical treatment worker organizes one team to today and shows the medical treatment form which cooperates. So, including the fault of doctor from the present paper and puts the award criterion of the fault of the medical treatment worker is a thing in where tried to investigate. Judges the fault of the doctor external medical treatment worker is and judges the presence of that fault to standard must do the attention degree of the general ordinary people who same engages to a business and duty, the level of the medical science which to this accident at that time is general and peculiarity etc. of medical treatment environment and condition and medical treatment act must be considered. This thought the medical treatment worker of the doctor outside until now with the hands and of doctor and with the occupation which is subordinate and controlled came. Sees with the actuality where according to change of medical treatment form of today the division of labor of medical treatment is being turning out subdivision but more and that must charge an authority and a responsibility together about him, the professional territory which is independent respectively width recognizes widely in the medical treatment worker, sees.

실종선고의 취소시 혼인의 효과에 대하여 우리 민법에서는 독일 등과 달리 명문의 규정을 두고 있지 않다. 그러나 실종선고의 취소의 효과를 규정하고 있는 민법 제29조와 혼인의 무효 또는 취소를 규정하고 있는 민법 제815조 및 제816조 등의 내용을 통하여 다음과 같이 해석할 수 있다. 실종선고가 취소된 경우 양당사자가 선의인 경우 제29조 제1항 단서에 의하여 전혼은 부활하지 않고 후혼만이 유지된다. 반면에 당사자의 일방 또는 쌍방이 악의인 경우 민법 제29조 제1항 단서에 의하여 보호받지 못하기 때문에 실종선고의 취소로 인하여 전혼이 부활된다. 그 결과 이중혼이 발생하게 되며, 후혼은 취소의 대상이 된다. 그러나 이러한 결과는 악의자의 보호를 부정하고 있는 민법의 기본원칙과 불일치하며, 실종선고의 취소를 통하여 기존의 사실상태로 전환하고자 하는 생환자의 의도와 불일치한다. 또한 실종선고 당시 선의였지만, 생존사실을 알게 된 경우 실종선고 당시 악의였던 자와 동일하게 취급하는 것은 부당하다. 그러나 이러한 점은 실종선고의 취소시 혼인의 효력에 대하여 별도의 규정을 두고 있지 않는 우리 민법하에서는 해결할 수 없다. 따라서 이를 해결하기위해서는 민법의 가족편에 구체적인 규정을 신설할 필요가 있다.

It is the Adjudication of Disappearance that considers a person died under regular conditions in spite of no proof. In case of cancelling Adjudication of Disappearance, the effect is come into force retroactively. If a spouse married again, the effect of remarriage is a issue. If the two parties were good faith, pre-marriage isn't revived and post-marriage is valid as it stands. But, if one of parties or two parties knew that an absconder was alive, post-marriage is valid even though the cancellation of adjudication of disappearance and pre-marriage is revived. Therefore, the bigamy is occurred as the theory of cancellation claims. These result is discordant with basic principles of civil law that do not protect a person who knew and doesn't fit in survivor's intention which want diversion of previous state through cancellation of adjudication of disappearance. Also, if a survival life partner who was good faith at the time of adjudication of disappearance but knew this later remarried, it is necessary to protect this survival life partner. Therefore, it needs to establish newly regulation about this to civil law.

As the commercial and military use of space has increased since the former Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik, in 1957, so too has the possibility of disputes risen greatly. This research study reviews the UN Charter, current relevant Space law, and trends of dispute settlement, in search of an adequate and equitable dispute settlement mechanism. Dispute Settlement in Space Law is imperfect as a legal institution because of a total absence of general procedure enforcement; unique in an environment which is of such great interest to both developed and developing space nations and is characterized by questions of such a professional or technical nature. Disputes under Space Law should be settled peacefully in accordance with general principles governing international disputes. The principal of peaceful settlement of disputes is an international norm establishment in the 20th Century and confirmed in Article 2 of the UN Charter. In addition, however, it is necessary to establish a professional dispute settlement regime similar to that found regulating the world’s oceans, because of the professional and technical nature of dispute in Space activities. This should build upon existing diverse measures for the flexible settlement of disputes in Space.

본 논문은 중국 《반독점법》의 실시 의미와 그 내용, 실시에 따르는 문제점과 쟁점, 그리고 사례 등을 법리적 해석을 중심으로 분석한다. 가장 중요한 이슈는 “행정력에 의한 독점의 형성”에 있었다. 입법 배경은 국가의 통일과 지역과 계층의 갈등, 벼락부자의 탄생과 중산층 이하의 좌절감 등이 국가의 일체감과 정권에 대한 합법성, 지방보호주의의 발호 등이 국가 권력 기반을 약화시키는 주요 요인으로 작용해 온 것이었다. 《반독점법》은 간단하게 8장으로 구성되어 있다. 독점 협의와 시장 지배 지위의 남용, 경영자 집중과 행정 권력의 독점 현상 등 독점 상황에 대한 기본적인 규정 부분과 이에 대한 조사, 법률 책임과 적용 과정 문제 등으로 크게 구성되어 있다. 《반독점법》의 특징은 “집중” 등 독점 행위에 대한 규정과 법의 운용에 대한 규정 및 반독점 위반 사항 제보자에 대한 처벌 경감 조항 등 특별한 운용상의 조항 들이다. 《반독점법》의 쟁점은 “독점” 상황에 대한 현실적인 경제 구조적인 전체적인 의미에서의 규명, 행정 기관의 독점 행위 단속과 법률 집행에 대한 규정 및 반독점 현상 단속과 조사, 조치, 정책과 집행 기관의 문제이다. 국가 기간산업들과 국외의 다국적기업 들이 《반독점법》 제소의 제1차적 대상이 되었다. 《반독점법》의 결론은 첫째, 경제적인 헌법을 마련하게 된 것이다. 둘째, 국가 공영기업, 지방 보호주의, 법률 처리 과정, 단속 주체 기관 등 문제가 많이 드러났다. 셋째, 중국 경제의 본질과 제도 법제를 이해하는 하나의 실마리를 제공하는 의미를 제시한다.

The purpose of this article is to understand the Anti-Monopoly law(AML hereafter) in contemporary China. AML in China is in the establishing level. The first step was established in the form of labor law in August 1 2008. Even though the first level has been set up, the monopoly of China has not acquired the accurate concepts through the contemporary China. I set the concept the monopoly in China and the background of the social historical situation about that in contemporary China. The economic development has helped the extension of wealth and strength of the nation. In contrast, the monopoly has not been noticed by economy drive policy and government for the longtime. China is at the stage of accumulation of experiences in the anti-monopoly policy and rights laws. The AML defines the strict standardization on the points of catch of monopoly phenomena and takes between economic development and administration power abuses. But the AML has the flaws of practical process level in the set up, maintain, renew and finish law processes. We should recognize the core contexts and concepts about the labor and social-political situations.

Protecting of migrant workers based on international standards, such as international human rights law, International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers(the Migrant Workers Rights Convention or the Convention) and Members of their Families, International Labor Organization Convention, contracting bilateral treaty with the state of origin of migrant workers, signing and ratifying the Migrant Workers Rights Convention, and improving the domestic legal system, may lead to mitigate domestic extreme policy against migrant workers Legislation is an important means to ensure fair and effective opportunity and treatment of migrant workers and leads human rights awareness and attitude change. In law and practices in everyday life, in order to equal labor rights and basic human rights of migrant workers, interaction and close strategies are necessary. dissemination and education of the relevant international human rights norms, policy and legal arrangement should be concurrently implemented in harmony. Granting the right to vote and to participate in the political activities to migrant workers is effective means to help them integrate into society. Dual citizenship and the implementation of non-discrimination law against migrant workers can improve of social integration and equal opportunities of them. The role of the judiciary as the last bulwark of human rights is also important. In enactment. enforcement and application of law, protecting the rights of migrant workers and strengthening the their status, the principle of equality and non-discrimination policy should be respected. When the Migrant Workers Rights Convention is not signed and the Convention does not inserted in domestic law, it is important that the states adopt new regional convention or implement existing international human rights law, but it should be recommended that acceding and ratifying the relevant international treaties is preceded.

In case an act constitutes nominal violation of the criminal law but it is done by way of self-defense or act out of necessity, the act will be justified. Therefore the actor remains unpunishable. To admit such justification, there must be objective circumstances of self-defense or act out of necessity and the actor must have had subjectively knowledge of the circumstances of self-defense or act out of necessity. But there are case where the actor is subjectively mistaken in the existence of the objective circumstances of self-defense or act out of necessity, although such circumstances didn’t exist in fact. The problem in such cases is whether the actor is punishable or not. These are the cases of so-called ‘mistake in objective conditions of justification.’ Korean Criminal Code contains provisions about mistake of fact(error facti) and mistake of law(error iuris), but no provision about this type of mistake. The Supreme Court decided in its judgement that the actors who had such mistakes are not punishable because they are exempted from the responsibility for their acts. Unlike the judicial precedents, there are various theories about this theme. The punishability of an actor who had this type of mistake was studied in this thesis, with its focus on the theories. As a conclusion, it was argued that an actor who was in such mistakes should not be punishable as he or she is not reprehensible.

Copyright Law makes a declaration of Creator doctrine in article 2 and article 10. But there is one exception to this doctrine. It is work made for hire system. It seems to me that we received it from the United States of America which has Anglo-American law system. However South Korea has copyright law of the Continental law system as Japan. In spite of the Harmonization in the world, I think it is impertinent. Especially, I regard it as appropriate that we adopt the divided ownership approach of English method or the divided ownership of Japanese method in the maker of a cinematographic work, not the divided ownership approach of German method(split right approach) or the ownership approach of American method(all or nothing approach).

The adjudication of disappearance is regarded as a death by a family court in cases that it is unknown whether an absentee is alive or dead in durative specified term. An absentee sentenced the adjudication of disappearance herby is called a missing person. The interested persons such as the family or creditors are prejudiced when the solid evidence is do not exist if they are neglected in the state that it is unknown whether a missing person is alive or dead in long term and it is lots of potentialities of a missing person's death. Therefore in order to admit the extant spouse's marriage or in order to admit the inheritors's inheritance, it is necessary to settle the legal relation that the central problems of the law of property or the family of law is determined in centered- absentee's address or place of residence. The Article 28 of the Civil Act regulate that the effect of this adjudication of disappearance is "it is regarded as death". That is, the missing person is regarded as death by the adjudication of disappearance. After the adjudication of disappearance, the effect of the adjudication is reversed though the missing person is alive or it is evidence to the contrary. It should be sentenced a cancellation judgement from the family court in order to upset the effect of the adjudication. If a cancellation adjudication is decided, the all private-law-relation that is formed by the effect of the adjudication is got backed to the before state. Therefore, I am trying to study about the effect of the cancellation of the adjudication of disappearance in centered-theories in this paper.

Mehrere Klagebegehren können in einer Klage zusammen verforgt werden, wenn sie im Zusammenhang stehen. Es dient damit als ein praktikables Instrument umfassender Streitbereinigung der Prozessökonomie und wirkt der Gefahr widersprechender Entscheidungen bezüglich desselben Sachkomplexes entgegen. Die Formulierung "können ․ ․ ․ ․ zusammen verforgt werden" bringt deutlich zum Ausdruck, daß der Kläger zur Verbindung der Klagebegehren nicht verpflichtet ist. Die objektive Klagehäufung ist also in das Ermessen des Klägers gestellt. Dieser kann auch nach der Rechtshängigkeit noch weitere Klagebegehren in das Verfahren einbeziehen. Dabei handelt es sich jedoch grundsätzlich um eine Klageänderung nach § 21 Abs 1 koreanische VwGO. Für die Zulässigkeit einer objektive Klagehäufung, muss ein Zusammenhang der Klagebegehren bestehen. Ein rechtlicher Zusammenhang ist nicht erforderlich. Ein Zusammenhang ist auch dann gegeben, wenn die mehreren Ansprüche nach der allgemeinen Lebensanschauung rein tatsächlich. Im Falle der Zulässigkeit der objektive Klagehäufung kann das Gericht über sämtliche Klagebegehren gemeinsam verhandeln und entscheiden. Aber die Unzulässigkeit einer objektive Klagehäufung hat das Gericht von Amts wegen zu beachten. Es darf die Klagen nicht als unzulässig abweisen, wenn lediglich die Zusammenfassung der Klagebegehren mit § 10 koreanische VwGO unvereinbar ist und die Klagen als solche nach ihrer Trennung zulässig sind.

Differences exist between the formation of consumer legal system and the regulations under fundamental consumer protection laws in Korea and China. Nevertheless, the trend in both countries are similar in that consumers' sovereignty has been emphasized and that reliefs for consumers have been strengthened. Moreover, consumers' rights have been strengthened, while the state executives' responsibilities towards consumers have also been strengthened. There are following differences in the consumer legal systems as well as their respective fundamental laws between Korea and China: With respect to legislation, the legislative backgrounds and mechanisms as well as the main norms are different. China is strengthening the consumer protection by prescribing detailed legal liabilities of business operators who infringe consumers' rights and interests, whereas Korea emphasizes on security issues of consumers and thus strengthened consumers' safety through series of amendments. With respect to consumer obligations, Korean law emphasizes on such issue more than China. The Law on the Protection of Consumers' Rights and Interest provides the obligation of the state and business operators, but there are no provision on the obligations or responsibilities of consumers. In contrast, Korea's Consumer Fundamental Act in force prescribes the "responsibilities of consumers," thereby emphasizing the obligation of consumer. With respect to obligations of the state and local governments, the Korean law tends to emphasize this issue as well. Consumers must be educated in order to make them being responsible for their own consumer life. Moreover, it is also responsibilities of the state and local governments to enhance consumers' ability as the economy and society develops. Compared with other Asian countries, China have enacted the consumer rights law only in recent years and no amendments have been made yet. But it is expected that the consumer rights law will be amended in the near future with the distinctive Chinese features.

The Insurance Contract Law of korean Commercial Code has been revised in 1991. Commercial Code §638 is the article of insurance contract between the insurer and the insurant, there are several problems about §638-3(the policy delivery and explain) in case and practical system. The korean Commercial Law which is a general law on insurance contract is different one from the Regulation Law §3 on exceptional provisions and effective ones. The contract has been applied with the case in the practical business, The effect of the Regulation Law and Insurance Law Infringement is different by the case in the court. The Commercial Law codified that insurer should deliver the insurance policy and explain the important fact of the provisions to the insurant in korean Commercial Code §638-3 ①․②. The insurant could cancel the insurance contract within a month to infringement. However, the Regulation Law §3④ stipulates that couldn't insist on the contract in this case in Korea. The questions are followings. ① the insurance policy delivery and explain, ② the term of the insurant's(insured) canceling the contract within a month, ③ the legal questions unless the insurant cancels the contract and ④ basic regulations of exemption by the case. The title of korean Commercial Law §638 clears on proper regulations in 'deliver and explain' and the initial date in reckoning of canceling the contract must be revised ‘the date of receipt of insurance policy' and further the contract followed the policy unless the insurant cancel the contract. Moreover, the basis of exemption requires to codify on Commercial Law in conformed with the case and the practical business in advance. In relation to this, the Revised Draft in Commercial Law has been arranged in 2008, but 'explain important fact' and 'expansion of cancel term' §638-3①② have been amended only. I think that the contract law of Commercial Code requires to be revised on taking the insurer's and insurant's interest into account, and in conformed with the cases and practical business of insurance in the future.