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마약류의 남용이 국가에 미치는 영향은 마약류남용자의 숫자나 정도 및 이와 연계된 범죄조직의 규모 등에 따라 다를 수 있다. 그러나 공통적으로는 건강사회의 장애, 가정의 파괴, 실업, 인력의 손실, 이들의 예방이나 치료를 위한 사회보장 비용의 지출 등 경제 전반에 직접‧간접적인 영향을 미치게 되어 국력약화와 전 국민의 정신적‧신체적 황폐화를 초래한다. 또한 마약류 남용으로 인한 환각상태에서의 강력범죄의 범행, 금단증상에 의한 동기 없는 범죄, 마약류 구입자금 마련을 위한 강력사범의 증가 등 심각한 사회병리현상으로 전이된다. 현재 한국의 마약류관련범죄는 숫자상으로는 안전지대로 볼 수 있으나, 체감으로 느끼는 범죄의 심각성은 이미 안전정도를 넘어서고 있다. 특히 최근 마약류단속인원의 증가, 마약류 남용 계층의 확산, 마약류 압수량의 급증, 마약류 공급선의 다변화‧다양화 추세, 조직폭력배의 마약류 범죄개입, 외국인 마약사범의 증가 현상은 한국이 더 이상 마약의 안전지대가 될 수 없음을 보여 준다. 따라서 무엇보다도 마약류범죄에 대한 체계적인 대책수립이 필요하다. 한국이 그동안 어렵게 지켜온 마약안전지대로서의 위상을 유지하고, 마약류 남용국가로 전락되는 것을 미연에 방지하기 위하여서는 마약수사 역량강화를 위한 예산과 인력의 대폭 확충 및 재범방지를 위한 마약류 중독자 치료․재활센터 보강 등 범정부적 차원의 우선적 지원이 필요한 시점이다. 더불어 마약류범죄에 대한 범국민적 관심과 참여가 필요하다. 국민 모두가 마약류범죄에 대한 감시자가 되어 신고와 협조체제가 이루어진다면 마약류범죄에 대한 가장 효과적인 대책이 될 것이다. 또한 마약류범죄에 대한 국제적 정보교환 및 사법공조 등 협력체제가 활성화되어야 할 것이며 한국의 수사당국은 이를 위해 적극적․능동적으로 이에 대처해 나가야 한다.

In the judicial relief on environmental invasion, an illegality is an important element. The Judgement of an illegality in general settles the theory of the endurance limit. An illegality is to be against the endurance limit. As an illegality standard, we have to bear a certain level of environmental invasion each other in our communal living but for illegal environmental pollution above a certain level; it has been considered the endurance limit as a standard. This theory, attempt to determine when environmental invasion exceeds the endurance limit, taking into account all relevant circumstances, including as the extent of the harm involved, the character of the harm involved and social valuation thereof, the suitability of the conduct to the character of the locality, priority in utilization of land, practicability of preventing or avoiding the invasion, the matters relating to breach of public law, and so forth. Basically it balances all relevant interests, heavily relying on the fundamental concept of equity. Any judgment on whether environmental invasion exceeds the endurance limit should be conducted by balancing all relevant factors, such as the specific characteristic and types of interests violated against factors of nuisance.

이 논문에서는 집행임원의 의의, 책임 그리고 책임완화의 필요성과 완화방안에 대하여 검토하였다. 최근 법무부에서는 기업지배구조의 개선에 관한 내용을 담고 있는 회사법 개정안을 입법예고 하였으며, 이 회사법 개정안에는 그 동안 도입의 필요성이 제기되었던 집행임원제도가 포함되어 있다. 이 논문에서는 회사법 개정안에 포함된 집행임원에 대한 규정을 보다 세밀하게 파악하기 위하여 기업의 집행임원에 대한 현황과 집행임원의 의의를 알아보고, 집행임원의 의무와 책임, 그리고 책임완화의 필요성과 책임완화방식에 대하여 고찰하였다. 또한 이 논문에서는 회사법 개정안의 집행임원에 관한 규정 중 책임감면에 관한 규정이 이사와 집행임원을 동일한 취급을 하고 있음에 대하여 논의의 필요성을 제시하였다.

The enactment of company's officer system in the Commercial Act was comprised in the plan of the Ministry of Justice's Commercial Act Revising Committee in 2006. The Ministry of Justice advanced notice of legislation about Corporate Officer in this year. This study intends to review the present condition about corporate officer and legal status, the corporate officer's liability and the limitation of corporate officers' liability for damages. The limitation of corporate officers' liability have the question about how to determine the limitation of liability and how to setting of the limits on the limitation of liability. This study separately considers the types of liability which the officers can be exempted from the liability, the ceiling on the liability officers must pay. and the connection between the scope of the limitation and the compensation of the officers.

The companies all over the world have secured the System of the Audit Committee by the modern Commercial Act. Since the monetary crises in 1997, IMF has urged Korea to execute serveral plans including the reform of corporate law. The commercial Code, Securities Exchange Act and Monopoly Regulation & Fair Trading Act have been amended in Korea. Korea company law established committee system and outside directors system called as one-tier system that is classified as American Corporate Governance. The U.S recently made rules for the independence of auditor form directors and functions and obligation of the audit committee in American Law Institute's Principles of Corporate Governance, and amended the SEC regulations in order to reinforce the requirements for the disclosure information related with the obligation and independence of the audit committee. The SEC also revised the Auditor Independence Rule in order to strengthen the independence of the outside auditors from executives. Likewise, it is important that we harmonize this committee with the existing legal system in Korea, and that secure independence of this committee. This study outlines the audit committee of the stock company and considers the efficiency of the new audit system which will take effect on and after Feb. 1, 2009. The purpose of this study is to prove the efficiency of the current audit committee system. The Audit committee enhances the transparency of corporations and shakeholders will gives the trust to the corporations. To achieve such a corporate transparency and reliable management, a managerial system that promotes creative and progressive audit regulation must be established.

본 논문은 중국 《기업국유자산법》의 실시 의미와 그 내용, 실시에 따르는 문제점과 쟁점, 그리고 사례 등을 법리적 해석을 중심으로 분석한다. 국유자산의 개념은 법률적인 의미에서 사회주의 정체체제를 지향하는 중국이 경제발전을 위한 국유제 소유권 제도를 개혁하는 것이 급선무라는 제도적 고려 사항이 우선 제기되었다. 이에 따라 국유자산의 정의와 범위 획정, 경영성 국유자산 속성의 운용문제 등에 대한 최초의 규정이므로 그 한계와 적용의 기술적 문제 등이 대두된다. 입법 과정에서 15년간의 3독 과정을 거쳐 2008년 10월 전인대에서 통과되었다. 그 간의 쟁점은 “국유자산”의 범위에 대한 논란으로 “금융”에 관한 국유기업을 본 법 범위에 산입 하느냐에 대한 논쟁이 있었고 국유재산에 대한 규정을 본 법에서는 경영성 자산으로 한정하는데 그쳤다. 《기업국유자산법》의 내용은 총 9장으로 구성되어 있고 본 법 입법 취지, 출자인책임 이행기구에 대한 규정, 국가출자기업, 국가출자기업관리자 인선과 인사고과, 국유자산출자인 권익, 국유자본 경영예산, 국유자산 감독, 법률책임 등으로 구성되어 있고, 주로 국유기업 정의와 체제, 국유자산의 경영 관리, 국유자본 감독과 법률적 문제 등의 세 부분으로 나누어진다. 《기업국유자산법》의 특징은 국유자산의 유실 문제, 국유기업 출자자의 권리와 책임, 그리고 국유기업 관리자(사용자)와 직공(고용자)의 권리와 의무, 자격 등에 관한 법률적 규정과 보장을 한 점이다. 《기업국유자산법》의 쟁점은 국유자산의 개념과 법적 규정상의 문제, 국유기업을 통한 국유자산의 안전과 법률적인 보호를 위한 법적, 제도적 장치 마련과 규정의 두 가지이다. 기업국유자산 관련 분쟁은 국유재산과 기업에 대한 민간 이양 시 저가로 내부자 거래를 획책한다는 점이 “변종 부패”로 국유기업에 관한 누수 부정에 대한 대표적인 유형의 사례를 형성하고 있다. 기업이 행하는 중요한 결정도 소수의 비민주적인 방식에 의해 행해져서 다수의 투자자와 고용인, 사회 전반에 대한 심각한 악영향을 형성하고 국가적 폐해를 낳고 있는 데에 문제의 소재가 있는 것이다. 《기업국유자산법》의 시행을 앞두고 그 의미를 다음 세 가지로 귀결한다. 첫째, 국가 경제제도의 근간인 국유제 소유제의 규칙과 법률적 규정을 시도한 것이다. 둘째, 중국 사회는 바야흐로 국유경제 전반에 대한 조정과 개혁으로 특히 인적 요소에 대한 개혁을 중점으로 하는 국유재산 개혁과 규제의 배경을 형성하며 동시에 이루어지는 일련의 개혁의 의미를 나타낸다. 셋째, 중국 경제와 국유기업에 대한 기본 성격과 구조에 대한 이해를 통해 우리나라의 대 중국에 대한 국가적 전략 수립에 근본적이고 내재적인 자료를 제공해 줄 것이다.

The purpose of this article is to understand the corporation state owned property law(CSP hereafter) in contemporary China. CSP in China is in the establishing level. The first step was established in the form of corporation management rule. Even though the first level has been set up, the state owned property has not been acquired the accurate concepts through the contemporary China. I have tried to set the concepts of the corporation state owned institution in China and the background of the social historical situation about CSP in contemporary China. The economic development devoting by the state-owned corporations has helped the extension of wealth and strength of the nation. In contrast, the state owned properties has been neglected by economy drive policy and government for the longtime. China is at the stage of accumulation of experiences in the pro-state corporation policy and rights laws. The CSP would be defined the strict standardization on the points of maintenance, management and development of state owned corporations and the leakage phenomena of the properties should be undone, and it would be taken balance and check between economic development and corporation economic activities. But the CSP has the flaws of practical process level in the set up, maintain, renew and operate law processes. We should recognize the core contexts and concepts about the state owned corporations and social-political situations.

The human race has arranged various ways for fair and rational judgments on the examination of an offense. There are discussions in diverse perspectives on statement of objectives of a punishment, new principles of a punishment, improved treatment within society, a new short-term imprisonment system, establishment of a guideline on the examination of an offense, a conference for the examination of an offense, dichotomization of the procedure in a public trial, rationalization of the prosecutors demand of punishment, Presentence Investigation System, and so forth. This study focused on the Presentence Investigation System among various ways for rational judgment on the examination of an offense. Imposing a punishment on a person who socially infringed on the benefit and protection of the law is established through the examination of an offense of the judiciary based on criminal procedures. The procedure of an examination of an offense enables the judiciary to specifically determine the kind and amount of the punishment for the accused. While it is important not to victimize a innocent person with a punishment, the examination of an offense to decide which punishment shall be laid on the guilty can be more important. The Presentence Investigation System originates from sentencing by the judiciary based on scientific investigation into the accused by probation officers in the United States, which developed along with the Probation system. Various countries currently apply this widely. This is a system to scientifically investigate the personality and environment of the person found guilty in the criminal procedure and to use this as a basic material of the examination of an offense. Several problems arise in operation of the Presentence Investigation System. First, in terms of implementation, the limit of investigative workforce and time confines investigation only to interviews with the accused and the family while verification at the site or valuation by professionals do not properly take place. Second, while investigation takes place for adults and juveniles both in terms of implementation, legislatively, the subject and scope of the investigation before sentencing are limited to juvenile criminals that are subject to community treatment. Third, contents and forms of investigation are insufficient. Thus, methods to improve the Presentence Investigation System for rationalization of the examination of an offense include the following based on them. The institute for investigation before sentencing needs to have a sufficient budget and experts. The investigation shall be obligatory for not only the subject of community treatment but also all criminal offenses. The subject of investigation before sentencing shall be extended to adult criminals in terms of legislation. Forms and contents of investigation shall be more professionalized. Also rationalization shall be promoted by having the point of time for the Presentence Investigation begin after decision of guiltiness.

This study has investigated the history and nature of the judgement to dismiss. The judgement to dismiss is a pronounce in the case without a substantial condition of lawsuit on the defendant case. This system for the judgement to dismiss is the provision to guarantee the human rights for the defendant being exempt from the criminal procedure. This system, however, was misused to control and suppress the Korean civilians during the colonial period under Japan. The application of this system is currently limited due to this reason. Thus, this system has to be studied extensively and practically to guarantee and upgrade the human rights. There are many aspects on the nature of judgement to dismiss. The theories of substantial judgement and of dividing into two equal parts, etc are not able to differentiate among the judgement of not guilty, judgement of dismissing public prosecution, judgement of incompetence and judgement to dismiss. Thus, the judgement to dismiss is proper to define a theory of formal judgment which bring to a termination of lawsuit without the substantial proceedings. The Supreme Court of Judicature in Korea and the court of justice in Japan have the system for a theory of formal judgment. The main issue is that which is the most proper theory among the theories of the formal judgment. The judgement to dismiss is more likely a formal judgment based on the theory of lack of interests in the performance of the litigation under the cases of less serious law suits which do not require the performance of the litigation or the substantial proceedings.

The devastating health effects of asbestos-related diseases have been conclusively established these days for factory workers, product users, and everybody actually. Three diseases are associated with asbestos exposure in general: asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. Asbestos-related injuries are widespread as well as severe. Currently about 125 million people in the world are exposed to asbestos at the workplace. According to global estimates at least 90,000 people die each year from asbestos-related diseases resulting from occupational exposures. In addition, it is believed that several thousands of deaths can be attributed to other asbestos-related diseases as well as to non-occupational exposures to asbestos. However, despite a decrease in asbestos use with the reason of legal prohibition, the number of diagnosed & damaged cases continues to rise given the long latency period associated with asbestos-related diseases. In this situation this article treats the current regulations of workers' compensation regarding occupational exposures to asbestos and proffers the legislative improvement related in order to provide better compensation for employees focused on Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act.

The representative director system, which has grown companies into large enterprises. But behind this high growth of companies, the abuse of the representative director system gloomily prevailed. When the director damage company, the company must file a claim against the director for compensation. At this time a auditor bring a suit. But if he don't file a action, the company suffers damage. Then the shareholder with at least one percent of the total outstanding shares may bring a derivative suit(korean commercial code §403). This shareholder's representative suit is an efficient method to raise transparency of corporate management to improve corporate governance. In this paper, it deals with (1) what kind system the shareholder's representative suit is, (2) the company can participate the shareholder's representative suit for the shareholder (plaintiff), (3) the company is able to join in the shareholder's representative suit for the defendant(director).

False statements by witnesses are widespread at the stage of criminal investigation in Korea. The Supreme Court held that a false statement before a investigatory agent did not fall within the fraudulent obstruction of the performance of governmental affairs(section 137 in Criminal Act). And there is no parallel statues to §242.1 of the Model Penal Code of U.S.A. So, Someone insisted that the witnesse(at the stage of criminal investigation) have been granted an unlimited freedom to lie in effect. It has been proposed that new proposition to define and punish the misdemeanor of obstructing the administration of law or other governmental function is needed. But, I cannot easily accept the suggestion. The reasons are as follows. First, we cannot say that the witness has same burden to find out the real truth of an affair as like prosecutor. Second, New legislation of punishing false statements by witnesses would be efficient, but it will invite danger of violation of human rights to emphasize efficiency of investigation. In current Criminal Law, there is a proposition against obstruction of the performance of official duties by fraudulent as general statue. And current propositions against false accusation, destruction of evidence and offense harboring an offender can be applicable.

Tun und Unterlassen auf dem Strafrecht sind verschieden von Tatbestand. Im Vergleich zum Tun erkannt unechtes Unterlassungsdelikt die Möglichkeit vom Tun in der Tat, die Kausalität zwischen des Unterlassens und der Folge, und die Garantenstellung des Täters an. Aus diesem Grund hat die Unterscheidung von Tun und Unterlassen eine wichtige Bedeutung. Tun und Unterlassen unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich naturalistischen Ansätze und normativen Ansätze. Das Urteil der Unterscheidung kann verändert dadurch werden, ob der normativen Gesichtspunkt abstrakt ist und worauf er den Hauptgewicht legt. Aber der naturalistische Ansätz wid als Objektivität des beurteilten Norms gesehen. Vom naturalistischen Gesichtspunkt ist das Energiekriterium angemessen, aber kann das Unrecht (Teilnahme, Versuch und Vollendung) nicht entscheiden. Es ist zur Ergänzungen bedenklich, dass die Kausalität aufgrund der Bedingungstheorie oder auf der Formel von der gesetzmäßigen Bedingung entschieden werden soll. Es ist ein Tun, wenn die naturwissenschaftliche Energie hineingeworfen wird und deren Einwurf eine Ursache für die zusammengesetzte Voraussetzung und die Folge ist. Wenn die naturwissenschaftliche Energie nicht hineingeworfen wird, aber die zusammengesetzte Voraussetzung verwirklicht wird, oder wenn die hineingeworfene Energie und die zusammengesetzte Voraussetzung nicht kausal verwirklicht wird, ist es ein Unterlassen. Wenn Unterlassen klar ist, ist der Handelnde auf Strafrecht § 18 Garantenstellung. Es wird letztlich als Unterlassungdelikt entschieden, wenn die andere Bedingungen erfüllt werden. Zum letzten können die gemischte Sache von Tun und Unterlassen durch die ergänzte Verhältnistheorie gelöst werden, weil im unseren Strafrecht die Unterlassungsdelikte ausnahmsweise in der Regel bestraft werden sollen. Folglich soll die Strafbarkeit nach dem Untersuchungen des Tun entschieden werden, wenn das Tun nicht entstanden ist.

2006년 11월 17일, 김현종 외교통상부 통상교섭 본부장은 버시라이(薄熙來) 중국 상무부 부장과 회담을 개최하여, 2007년 초에 한중 FTA에 대한 산관학 가능성연구를 수행하기로 약속하였는데, 2009년 2월 1일 현재, 양방은 이미 5차례의 회담을 개최하였다. 또한 WTO 사무국의 보고서에 따르면, 1995년 1월 1일에서 2008년 6월 30일까지 중국을 상대로 한 반덤핑조사건수가 가장 많으며, 중국에 반덤핑조치를 부과한 건수도 가장 많다. 한국 역시 많은 반덤핑조사를 받아, 제2의 반덤핑 조사대상국으로 되었다. 이밖에, 한중 양국은 서로 간에 많은 반덤핑조사를 개최하고, 반덤핑관세를 부과하고 있다. 양국 간에는 또한 마늘 세이프가드조치로 인하여 무역분쟁이 발생한 적도 있었다. 이처럼, 한중 양국의 무역관계에 있어서, 반덤핑조치를 핵심으로 하는 무역구제제도는 매우 중요한 지위를 갖는다. 따라서, 양국 간의 FTA에 있어서도 무역구제와 관련된 이슈는 중요한 부분으로 될 것이다. 본 논문은 한중 양국이 이미 체결한 FTA중의 무역구제 관련조항에 대한 비교 연구를 통하여, 양국간 FTA에 적용 가능한 무역구제조항의 모델을 수립하고자 함이다.

On November 17th 2006, China and Korea agreed to launch joint study on China-Korea FTA in January 2007, and up to now the two sides already completed the fifth Working Group Meeting on China-Korea FTA Joint Feasibility Study. According to the WTO Secretariat report, during the period 1 January 1995-30 June 2008, China was the most frequent target of new anti-dumping investigations, and products exported from China were the most frequent target of new anti-dumping measures. Korea was the second most frequently targeted country in this respect. Also, Korea and China initiated numerous anti-dumping investigations and applied anti-dumping measures vis-à-vis each other. There also happened trade dispute between two countries because of the garlic safeguard measure. Thus, in China-Korea FTA, the trade remedy related issues will become important. In this article, the author makes comparative study on trade remedy issues in those FTAs which already concluded by these two countries, and try to research some models on trade remedy clauses in China-Korea FTA.

Recently, it is more and more important whether national or local government is responsible for the flaw of road, or not. According to the judicial precedent of the Supreme Court, national or regional government can be responsible for the flaw of the road surface such as ice formation, stone obstacle and so on, and for the flaw of the traffic equipment such as street tree, signal lamp and so on. And recently, the Supreme Court decided that the government is responsible for the noise of the road that cannot be unendurable. It is difficult to find out the criterion of responsibility of government. The Supreme Court ruled that government is not responsible when the government cannot foresee or avoid the flaw of road. Namely, the possibility of foreseeing or avoiding the flaw is the criterion of responsibility of government. It is more important, who between the government and the private person prove the possibility of foreseeing or avoiding the flaw. On this question, the precedent is indistinct. I think that the government should prove the impossibility of foreseeing or avoiding, in order to protect the victim. According the precedent, for the flaw of the road that is not accomplished and is not used by the general public, national or local government is not responsible. Considering that a national or a local government cannot manage the road that is being constructed, I think it is right. Whether national government is responsible for the flaw of the Expressway or not, is in a controversy. On this question, the precedent is indistinct. I think that government can be responsible.

The majority of arbitrations are conducted by a individually single procedures which have two parties and are governed by one contract with one arbitration agreement between two parties. Recently, however, arbitrations involving multiparty disputes have been increased, which arise in the context of the more complex international transaction, insurance and construction, etc. Such disputes may concern more than one contractual agreement, and one or more of those agreements may not contain arbitration clauses. Under this circumstances, the issues are whether arbitration is enforceable when no all parties to the dispute are bound to arbitrate. A party's ability to arbitrate any disputes arises from its consent as a signatory to a contract between himself and other party which includes an arbitration clause. Non-signatory to a contract with arbitral agreement, therefore, should not be bound to arbitrate any disputes without his consent to do so. But a related party that has not signed an agreement to arbitrate may be compelled or permitted to participate in an arbitration when he is found in circumstances of piercing the corporate veil, principal-agent relationship, assumption of agreement to arbitrate, or estoppel. Civil Procedure Rules permits the consolidation of litigations, joinder of parties or claims into a single procedure, and the third party's intervention to it, where common issues of law and fact exit, for reasons of economy and consistency of the judgments. Similarly, in the arbitration procedure, arbitral tribunals or courts may permit or order consolidations, joinders, or interventions with all parties's consents. The U.S. class/classwide arbitration or an arbitral class action is a hybrid procedure of class action and mandatory binding arbitration, in which any dispute is required to be resolved through an arbitration by an agreement. While the AAA has the rules for this classwide arbitration, the Federal Arbitration Act or the Uniform Arbitration Act don't provide for it at all. For the Due Process Clause of the U.S. Constitution, courts' assistances will be necessary to determine class issues for class certification, notice, adequacy of class representation, and settlement, etc.

Die internationale (Prozess-)Aufrechnung wirft neben denmateriell-rechtlichen Problemen bei ausländischem Aufrechnungsstatut in prozessualer Hinsicht die nach wie vor umgeklärte Frage auf, ob für die zur Aufrechnung gestellte Gegenforderung der internationalen Zuständigkeit koreanischer Gerichte bedarf und wie diese gegebenfalls zu bestimmen ist. Der BGH war in seiner alte Entscheidung(Urt. v. 12. 5. 1993 - Ⅷ ZR 110/92) über die Aufrechnung bei internationalen Prozessen die Ansicht gewessen, daß an der internatioalen Zuständigkeit des Prozeßgerichts für die Entscheidung über im Wege der Prozeßaufrechnung geltend gemachte streitige und inkonnexe Gegenforderung des Beklagten fehlt es, wenn für deren selbständige Geltendmachung die Gerichte im Heimatstaat des Klägers zuständig waren und diser die internationale Unzuständigkeit des Prozeßgerichts gerügt hat. Kurz daraf entscheided der EuGH(Urt. v. 13. 7. 1995 - Rs. C-341/93) die Frage jedoch gerade entgengengesezt. Danach gilt Art.6 Nr.3 EuGVÜ bzw. EuGVO nicht für den Fall der Aufrechnung. Er verwies darauf, daß es sich bei der Aufrechnung um ein Verteidungsmittel handelt, und erklärte, die Voraussetzungen, unter denen Verteidungsmittel geltend gemacht werden könnten, betimmten sich nach nationalem Recht. Wieder danch antwortete der BGH(Versämnisurteil. v. 7.11.2001-ⅧZR263/00) auf die Frage, daß Deutsche Gerichte sind unabhängig von dem Urteil des EuGH vom 13.7,1995(Rs C-34193) für die Entscheidung über eine im Prozess erklärte Aufrechnung gegen eine Kafpreisforderung eiener dänischen Zwischenlieferantin mit von dem technischen Urprungslieferanten abgetretenen Forderungen jedenfalls dann international zuständig, wenn entsprechend §33 ZPO die Gegenansprüche mit dem Klageanspruch im Zusammenhang stehen. Etwas Unklares und Verdecktes in Wortlauten der Rechtspruchungen von EuGH brachte das Verständnis für sie in Verwirrung.