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Die Parteifähigkeit lehrt uns, ob eine Person oder Organisation Partei sein kann, die Prozeβfähigkeit, ob sie den Prozeβ selbständig führen kann. Die Prozeβführungsbefugnis aber sagt uns, ob jemand als Partei zur Prozeβführung befugt ist. Parteifähigkeit und Prozeβfähigkeit sind rechtlich geregelte Eigenschaften einer Person und bestimmem sich nach deren persönlichen Fähigkeiten und Verhältnissen. Prozeβführungsbefugnis ist aber keine persönlichen Eigenschaft einer Partei. Die Prozeβführungsbefugnis ist von der Sachlegitmation scharf zu unterscheiden. Die Sachlegitmation gehört zur Begründetheit der Klage, die Prozeβführungsbefugnis ist die Voraussetzung ihrer Zulässigkeit. Denn reine Popularklagen sind unzulässig. Eine Klage kann aus vielen Gründen unbegründet sein; einer von ihnen ist die mangelnde Sachlegitmation des Klägers oder Beklagten. Sie fehlt, wenn der Anspruch - mag er im übrigen begründet sein oder nicht - jedenfalls nicht für den Kläger oder nicht gegen den Beklagten besteht, sondern für oder gegen eine dritte Person.

Uniquely, it is said that a setoff is a device under Civil Code, designed to use the judicial system efficiently, to remove the inconvenience and to spare the expenses of the parties. In other words, a setoff right is, provided in Civil Code, is the typical authority that contribute to such a following purposes. A setoff enjoys the benefits of a secured claim under the Civil Code, but it is more than that. First, a right of setoff is a remedy that has long been recognized and enforced in the commercial world at large, as well as under every one of the nation's bankruptcy acts, in part as a matter of essential fairness, but more importantly in recognition of the right as part of the bundle of substantive rights that may comprise a creditor's claim. Second, recognizing and preserving rights of setoff is thought to lesson the likelihood of a debtor's filing for bankruptcy relief in the first place, thus promoting the policy of bankruptcy avoidance. Broad interpretation of a setoff determines how much of creditor's claim involving a setoff right should be afforded status as a secured claim : an allowed claim subject to setoff is a secured claim to the extent of the amount subject to setoff, and is an unsecured claim to the extent that the value of the amount so subject to setoff is less than the amount of such allowed claim(11 U.S.C. 506). Like that Code, a creditor in Korea also should assert that a setoff should be treated like any other secured claim in Civil Code.

A Divorce is the formal ending of a marriage by law and a married couple is break up in life. Therefore it is different with separation by death. At the present day in the whole world, all the nation recognize the Divorce system. Our country also recognize the Divorce system. But in the previous modern age Our country, the Divorce system is hardly any admitted. Because the marriage is decided by parents or paterfamilias. Still and all, the Divorce is formed on the definite cases. It is the expelled Divorce and the forced Divorce. The former is a divorce on the seven valid causes to wife. Accordingly paterfamilias or husband was be able to expelled from his family to wife over the transom. The latter is repudiated marital relations when husband or wife are against the right. And If the family of husband or wife´s old home was implicated to guilty of high treason, marital relations has broken at once. The former was adaptable to case by case but the latter was unadaptable. In the True Record of the Joseon Dynasty of the early Joseon society, the expelled Divorce and the forced Divorce be made use of a means for maintain to the family relations in patriarchal system and the arbitrary country rule. This Divorce system widely different with today system. And it is a conclusive factor to abridge on the women's position in Joseon society

In Republic of Korea, the publicity of security rights in personal property except for high value property such as vehicles, construction equipments, ships and aircraft as well as intellectual property including copyright, trademark, patent has not worked efficiently to notify the existence of security rights to third parties. The problems of existence of secret security rights and high risk subject to other claims may be raised in Korean secured transactions, because publicity has not been functioned as designed to protect the third parties from other potential rights on the same encumbered assets. In the result of high risk, the cost of secured transactions has been high and the flexibility of currency circulation has rarely been found in Korean secured transactions. In order to solve these problems, law reform of secured transactions in Korea should be considered to introduce new movables security rights registry system. The pledge is not useful to attach security rights on inventory, equipment or other most goods because it deprive grantor of a possession. Factory foundation mortgage or mine foundation mortgage is rarely used as a consequence of the defectiveness in itself with the complicated registration procedure, so they must be abolished. With the above reasons, even though transfer of title or retain of title should be able to play the role of security right on personal property in Korean economy, they hardly function as a security right because the publicity mode, indirect possession of them, can not present any essential information regarding the existence of security rights on the collateral. Therefore indirect possession should be replaced as another publicity mode that gives the necessary information in connection with secured transactions.

Understanding of these; first, ecological inter-dependant don't respect artificial jurisdiction, second, in tradition, the issues being dealt with as a domestic problem have the international implication, has contributed to the development of International Environmental Law. It is, also, needless to say that the development of science and technology is the critical ground of International Environmental Law. Scientific certainty and assimilative capacity approach have played the most important role in dealing with the environmental issues. However, the conception on the environment became wider to include not only domestic but also international issues since 1980s. Further, scientific certainty and assimilative capacity approach faced the difficulties because of scientific uncertainty. In other words, under these approaches scientific certainty is to be strictly required in order to take a step to protect human and environment; therefore, sufficient and correct scientific information has to be submitted before a measure takes place. In reality, it is extremely difficult to prove the cause between an activity and its result under the given scientific degree. Moreover, this process will cause serious and irreversible harm to environment while waiting for the certain scientific proof. It would have the important implication to analyze the definition of precautionary principle, the relationship with other principles of international environmental law, background of its development and its position as an international law principle, the cases in which precautionary principle was a main issue, and issues relating to this principle such as the shift of burden of proof and early risk assessment. As the result of the application of precautionary principle, there are a lot of changes having practical implication; the requirement for scientific certainty will be loosen, assimilative capacity approach based on the assumption which environment has the capacity to assimilate the harmful effect caused by the human activity would lose its position, any protective action is to be taken without having to wait for the apparent scientific information, and the requirement of participation of the citizen in the process of decision making of the officials having authority on whether to allow the grant or not. On top of those, it is strongly expected that the shift of burden of proof from applicant to polluter, early risk assessment, and the obligation to give the information to the parties who will be under risk will play the most important role with taking the position as a customary international law.

The law of Jus Rerem of China enacted on March 16, 2007 will take effect on and after October, 2007. China has enacted the law of Jus Rerem. This means that all three nations of Northeast Asia have formally and substantially similar legal terms and conceptions. Therefore, they will be reciprocally influenced on the legal matters related Jus Rerem. In the year 1949 when China, as a communist country, was originally established without the private ownership system, the law of Jus Rerem was not introduced. Since the reform and the open-economy policy in the year 1978 came into force, it has become important that newly acknowledged private property has been stipulated by the law of Jus Rerem. The right to use a house or land is valid for 70 years. The term of validity for the right to use either or both can be automatically extended. Thus, a house or land or both can be owned permanently. Farming land can be bought or sold so that anyone may manage the business of agriculture and forestry through buying or selling farming land and grassland or forest land. The bank can hold raw materials and products or equipment as security for a loan for the company. The company seems to have fund-raised easily. China has enacted the law of Jus Rerem, "conformed with the 21st century", by solving a lot of issues in dispute. A socialistic idea, a traditional Chinese idea and realistic conditions of the market economy were integrated into the law of Jus Rerem. It would have a very good effect on the growth and prosperity of China.

Von Zentrale Bedeutung für das Mekmal des Vertragspflicht aus dem CISG ist ein einheitlicher Begriff ‘wesentliche Vertragsverletzung’nach Art. 25 UN-Übereunkommen über Verträge über den internationalen Warenkauf. Der anglo-americanischen Rechtstradition folgend liegt dem UN-Kaufrecht der Begriff ‘wesentliche Vertragsverletzung’. Nach Art. 25 des Übereinkommen ist eine Vertragsverletzung weseltlich, wenn sie für die andere Partei solchen Nachteil zur Folgen hat, dass ihr im wesentlich entgeht, was sie nach dem Vertrag hätte erwarten dürfen, es sei den, dass die vertragsbrüchige Partei diese Folge nicht vorausgesehen hat und eine vernünftige Person der gleichen Art diese Folge unter den gleichen Unstände auch nicht vorausgesehen hätte. Die Begriff des ‘wesentliche Vertragsverletzung’ befindet sich in einem Spannungsverhältnis zwischen den Rechtsbehelfen des Käufers und dem Nacherfüllungsrecht des Verkäufers nach Art. 48 Abs. 1 UN-Kaufrecht. Da das Nacherfüllungsrecht als eine weitre Möglichkeit, einer Vertragsverletzung durch Verkäufer zu begegnen, neben die Rechtsbehelfen des Käufers tritt, steht das Nacherfüllungsrecht des Verkäufersnaturgemäß in einem Spanuungs Verhältnis zu den Rechtsbehelfen des Käufers. Die 'wesentliche Vertragsverletzung' ist vor allem Voraussetzung für die Vertragsaufhebung durch die von einer Vertragsstörung betroffene Partei. Aus diesem kann jedenfalls geschlossen werden, dass das Vertragsaufhebungsrecht des Käufers durch das Nacherfüllungsrecht des Verkäufers vorbehaltlich anderslautender Vertragsvereinbarungen nicht beschränkt wird. Bei der Beurteilung, inwiefern das Nacherfüllungsrecht des Verkäufers zu verdrängen vermag, stößt der Rechtsanwender auf Rechtsbegriffe, "vorbehaltlich des Art. 49“, "wesentliche Vertragsverletzung(Art. 49 Abs. 1 a, Art. 25 CISG)”. Damit hängt die Reichweite des Nacherfüllungsrechts nach Art. 48 Abs. 1 UN-Kaufrecht von den Voraussetzungen ab, an deren Vorliegen das Gesetz ein Vertragsaufhebungsrecht des Käufers knüpft.

Everyone has something to do with the stock company directly or indirectly under the economic system of modern capitalism. And the shareholder as an owner has become the most significant status inner part of the stock company. So protecting the owners in the law of the corporation is very important not only in every enterprise herself but also in national economy. So all the shareholders must be organized equally in execution of their's rights on corporation's affairs. But practically, all the decisions of the corporation are made by the majority shareholders, so that minority shareholders have to be subject to majority shareholders in the name of “The rule of majority”. It is necessary for shareholders, especially minority shareholders, to be protected for the ask of the fair management and development of the manage the corporation at their will through their misfeasance, their abuse of right, and so forth. For the purpose of legal status of minority shareholders, the abuses of shareholder's voting right and his power of right and the convocation of shareholders' meeting were classified and explained according to their own acts of Commercial Law.

인간은 왜 존재하는가? 인간은 어느 곳에서 왔고, 어느 곳으로 가는가? 우리 인간의 야망의 끝은 어디인가? 우리는 선한가 또는 악한가? 위와 같은 문제들은 우리들이 인생을 살아가면서 공통적으로 우리 자신에게 묻는 것들이다. 우리는 때때로 철학적 ․ 종교적, 개인적 접근을 통하여 해답을 찾는다. 그러나 종종 이러한 것들은 불만족스럽게 인정되었고, 따라서 인간은 계속해서 이와 같은 문제에 대해서 오늘날도 해답을 찾고 있다. 우리는 많은 갈등을 해결하는데 이바지하는 법 ․ 도덕 ․ 종교 및 관습과 같은 다양한 사회규범을 가지고 있다. 그러나 이러한 규범들이 윤리적으로 옳은 것인가? 이러한 규범에 관해서 모르는 외딴 곳에 거주하는 시골사람이 법에 의해서 보호받을 수 있는가? 사람이 그 사회의 특정의 전통 ․ 문화 및 관습을 위반한다면 그 위반한 사람은 사회로부터 안전할 수 있는가? 우리는 법 ․ 도덕 ․ 종교 및 관습을 어떻게 이해하고 받아들여야 하는가? 거기에는 사회규범과 사회생활 간에 많은 관련이 있다.