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The marine boundary and marine pass prohibition in Late Joseon period. Han, Im-SeonㆍShin, Myung-Ho In a traditional period, It has already been existed the recognition of the territorial waters which is not created in a modern period. Traditionally, the term expressing both “open seas” and “territorial seas” was “outside seas”(外洋) and “inside seas”. “outside seas”(外洋) was space prohibiting entry, which existed to the boundary ouside in nations. On the contrary, inside seas was recognized that inner a boundary to concept like the territorial sea. It meas that a border was existing to the sea as there is a border to the land. The borderline was just the horizon coming to Signal fire-millitary visual field. Therefore, the inside seas was a space including distance from Signal-fire to horizon which was recognized to the territorial seas in Late Joseaon period. We cannot say that the range of inside seas was not fixed since the distance from coast to horizon was changed as the height of Signal-Fire, however, according to the calculation, the 40-50km from the coast was inside seas. In the respect of a sea boundary, Maritime Trade Proscription is the law which prohibits not only the horizon but also over the outside seas. It did not mean to forbid people to approach a sea itself. There are two things about the marine pass prohibition in the Joseon period. One is that prohibit to go outside over horizon of the sea and the other is that prohibit to trade centraband goods within the domestic sea-boundary. Maritime Trade Proscription is the opposite concept to Marin Inerchange. In a traditional period, the weaker both Marine Defence Power and Maritime Trade Proscription were, the more the Marin Inerchange was active, on the contrary, the stronger both Marine Defence Power and Maritime Trade Proscription were, the weaker Marin Inerchange was.

The Names of Maritime Products in 『The Chronicle of Korean Fisheries』 and Some Problems of Translation Rhee, Kun-Woo 『The Chronicle of Korean Fisheries』 is the first and full-scale investigative report to Korean maritime. This book gets down to the geographical features, the sea currents, the maritime temperatures, the direction of winds and etc. in Korea. At the same time, it investigates the maritime products of Korean waters, the methods of fishery and the circulation of products. Therefore it is the fundamental material for surveying the history of Korean fisheries. But it is very difficult to translate the names of maritime products into Korean for the several reasons. This paper deals on the problems accompanied with the translation of the names of fishes, clams and seaweeds. At first, this book cannot translate the names of Korean maritime products into Japanese. The ratio reaches up to approximately 30%. In addition, there are several mis-translations. For example, akanishi(purple shell) is translated into sora(spiny turban shell), and sazae(spiny turban shell) into chamgodung(purple shell), asari(short-necked clam) into chamjogae(common orient clam). Secondly, Using the Chinese character, common to Korea, China and Japan, to express the names of maritime products in this book, it brings more confusion during the translation. Though the great part of Chinese characters are used in the same meaning between Korea and Japan, several characters are used in different meaning. 鯖 is herring in Korea, but mackerel in Japan. A few characters, like 鰊ㆍ𩵔ㆍ𩺊, are made newly in Japan. The prudent attention must be paid for these characters. The extent of words also can be controversial. Iwashi(鰮) means sardine, sillago and anchovy in Japan, but it means anchovy in Korea. Guchi means white croaker in Japan, but it means red-lip croaker in Korea. The dialect makes the translation more difficult. Modama, kuzuna, kuroio, ida, iwadako and wani(tsunozi) are the Japanese dialects of kazusame, amadai, mezina, ugui, iwadako and same. Chunlingo, nangdae and mulchi are the Korean dialects of bollak, yangtae and gadarango.

The Present Condition of the Fisheries in Busan and Gyungnam Area in the Modern and Postmodern Times and the Plans for Collecting the Related Data Kang, Jae-Soon It is undeniable fact that the research on the history of fisheries in Busan and Gyungnam area in modern and postmodern times mostly relies on Japanese-written data, especially the few, secondary and photoprinted ones like The Record of Korean Fisheries. When we relies on the Japanese-written data in the research on the history of Korean fisheries in modern times, likewise, we are easily trapped by the “modernity” that those data emphasize that it will be difficult to grasp the “colonialism” that is internalized in it. Another problem in the research on the history of the fisheries in Busan and Gyungnam area in the modern and postmodern times is the rupture from the history of the fisheries in the premodern times. It should be a more urgent task than anything else, for clarifying the fisheries by Chosun people in the transitional period toward the modern times and the subjective growth of Chosun fishing people, to excavate Korean-written data related to the premodern times. It is all the more required for understanding the growth and variation of the fisheries in the premodern times toward the modern and capitalistic fisheries that had been effected since the latter period of Chosun dynasties. The overcoming of the opposing perspectives of the “discourse on modernization” and the “discourse on exploitation” must be started from avoiding the dependency on Japanese-written data by excavating new Korean- written data.

The Current Status and Prospect of Study on Korean Maritime History Han, Im-Seon Study on Korean maritime history has been actively conducted since 1990 with great interest. However, the lives of people focus on the sea before it was divided into “maritime history” should also include results of such study as an area that consists of maritime history. This thesis regards the results of research on maritime history during the 1ate Joseon period as the start of studying Korean maritime history and investigates the status of studying Korean maritime history by period. Furthermore, it also examines the fact that the research and inspection of the ocean in the Korean Peninsula conducted before study on the sea began to be carried out were done by Japan with political and economic purpose. Future studies on Korean maritime history need to include organizing concrete subareas for each subdivision, investigating modern maritime history, and clarifying concepts. Study on maritime history has a great tendency to extend in the present situation and atmosphere. In order for the research areas on maritime history not to be affected by such situation and become established as an independent subdivision afterwards, it is necessary to lay systematic foundation in the aspect of the necessity, future direction, organization, and methodology of the research.

Current Status and Prospect of the Study on History of Korean-Japanese Marine Relations Shim, Min-Jung This study looked into the history of marine relations between Korea and Japan from ancient times to modern times. Korean-Japanese marine relations were summarized by dividing into human, material, and cultural exchange as well as the history of pillage, fishermen living a life at sea, and their activities. According to the more subdivided times, Korean-Japanese relations in ancient times focused on cultural exchanges through Baekje at first, but the range was enlarged due to exchange and conquest of Goguryeo and Shilla. Meanwhile, as the studies related to Jang Bo-go of the Unified Silla Period have increased from the late 1990s due to various research organizations' support, the relations with Japan among Jang Bo-go's activities were dealt with. In addition, Balhae and Japan related studies are getting activated. For Korean-Japanese marine relations in middle times, most studies dealt with Japanese invasion and pirates, and the studies on problems of Japanese control strategies which are envoys, Sampo waegwan(Japanese office), and castaways were conducted in the early Chosun Dynasty. Modern times started after Imjin War, and in particular, the results of studies on 'Imjin War' among Korean-Japanese marine issues were accumulated regarding diverse areas such as the military, policy, naval combat, kidnapped Chosun people, and cultural invasion. After that, the relations were mainly about exchange with Japan based on a good-neighbor policy, and the representative policies were envoys of TongsinsaㆍMunwihaeng, trade and exchanges through Waegwan(Japanese office), and castaways’ problems. As the findings of the study, 'marine history' between Korea and Japan needs to be considered as the independent branch, and at the same time, fishermen's shelters and their activities that were weakly dealt with seems to be diversely approached besides the castaways.

A Study on the Yu Yan's Yi Wai Bie Zhuan Lee, Chang-Il Yi Wai Bie Zhuan is the work written by Yu Yan(1258?-1314), who was the Neo-Confucian and the theorist of Tanism(丹家), i.e. a branch of religious Taoism, in late southern Song and early Yuan dynasty. Yi Wai Bie Zhuan consists of three main intellectual resources. First is Changes philosophy, which is the natural philosophy that integrates the structure of cosmos with the ways and value of living in human. Second is the Shao Kangjie's Xian Tian Changes philosophy. This is the new Changes philosophy, which has the intellectual tradition of taoism and coordinates Confucian thinking with Taoist thinking. Yu Yan reflects the systems and contents of this Xian Tian Changes philosophy. Third is East Asian proto-scientific systems associated with arts of nutritional sciences, including respiratory techniques, gymnastic techniques, alchemical and pharmaceutical techniques, and so forth. The main point of this article is a preliminary approach to explore how these each different intellectual resources are combined with together. To achieve this, the contents and constructions of Yi Wai Bie Zhuan are philosophically analyzed and thematically classified. Consequently, It may be thought that Yu Yan's Yi Wai Bie Zhuan is the philosophical justification of Tanism, with mainly applying the Xian Tian Changes philosophy to build the philosophical principles of Tanism.

The Study of the third-rate amateurism of Jang Gi-Ha's music - with the words of a song Nam, Song-Woo․Kwon, Juria Jang Gi-ha's music advocate the clumsy amateurism in the reality where amateur is disregarded. Amateurism does not have the cultural or intellectual bluff, it can cover all the things. Jang's music covers the best first-rate and reinterpreted the amateurism as the aesthetic of tolerence over the stubborn society. The third-rate shows the humanity to communicate with the world with kind consent rather than hard-headed analysis of misfortune reality. It rather has a chance to relieve the sense than tackle with suffering. In this process, the amateur shows the original human being in the raw which no professional can imagine. In Jang's music, the humanity, third-rate consensus and amateurism is different from other independent music. Differ from general independent music, only the third-rate music can afford to go round with the times. Other independent music had often drown to the autistic enjoyment after indulging in the depression of the age. Jang's music has the murmuring and warmness of the third- rate because he does not see the music as ideological movement or the reality as the object of conquest. Jang's music does not have a dual planning as third-ratism is on the opposite side of elegant and refined life style. The reason why Jang's music should be enjoyable and lifeful is that humanity of the third-amateurism. Jang's active being the third-rate and amateurism is making the colleagueship and balance the crack of society. The reality right now is the heaven for the minority, the hell for the majority. In this unfortunate period, Jang's music's popularity lies on the third-rate amateurism. As it does not make people nervous, even without seriousness, in Jang's music it makes anyone to accept the being whatever circumstance. The people get the vitality through awkward third-rate and insufficient gossip which cannot be found in any cultural or intellectual bluster. The social meaning of Jang's music is the social vitality immanent by Jang's the third-rate amateurism.

The Points at Issue and Betterments on Korean Romanisation System Bae, Jae-Duk This paper is to review and compare the past six Romanisation drafts of Korean since the Mccune-Reischauer in 1939 and Korea's single Hangeul notation, which is based on the mutual agreement, and then puts the main changes of each revised alphabet system. Especially, this paper demonstrates a deep comparison between '84 system and the new one. The results of investigation show that the new system is operated by the Korean writing system and not by the English one, which is quite different from the past Romanisations. And in the PC-Internet period, also the new one enables everyone to read and write Latin letters easily instead of using diacritical marks. The findings are as follows. 1. Korean consonants have no voicing on the plosives of the syllable initials, but English ones have voicing. Reflecting this, ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅈ, syllable initials of Hangeul substitute for Latin letters g, d, b, j respectively regardless of voicing. Latin s always stands for ㅅ without the position of ㅅ by the new notation. In previous ones, Latin sh represents ㅅ before ㅣ. Also, k', t', p', ch' of the previous one are changed into k(ㅋ), t(ㅌ), p(ㅍ), ch(ㅊ) without aspiration mark, apostrophe('). 2. As for vowel letters, Latin letter e in case of eu(ㅡ) and eo(ㅓ) is replaced into the micron(ˇ) over o and u in such as ŭ and ŏ. In conclusion, 7 Roman letters of the 40 letters that are used for Korean correspondences have shown variability whenever the system was revised. Others such as letter by letter or sound unit by sound unit have not been unchanged and in consistency since it was set up. Caution is needed in the future implementation of Romanisation in that it should fully take into account of predictability of people’s language use in order not to waste money due to unprepared policy.

The comparative Study on the child care culture in early modern korea-japan royal court Shin, Myung-Ho in the comparative study on the child care culture in early modern korea-japan royal court, we can conclude as follow. first, in late chosun period, child was born in royal court and the whole process of child care was conducted by government. but, in edo period, child was born in mother's family house, and the process of child care was conducted not only by government but also by child's mother family. second, the child care culture in early modern korea-japan royal court has medical aspects and religious aspects also. third, in late chosun period, the child care culture was more influenced by medical aspects than religious aspects. but in edo period, the child care culture was more influenced by religious aspects than medical aspects. the deference between the child care culture in early modern korea-japan royal court was mainly caused by culture deference. in late chosun period, the child care culture was mainly influenced by confucious. but in edo period, the child care culture was was was mainly influenced by japanese tradional religion.

A Study of the Korea Thanatology Jung, Hyo-Oon The thanatology is new study. Thanatology is fusion study of litterae humaniores and the Medical department studies. Thanatology is called death and life studies in Japan. It may be said that ‘Homo humanitas for Death and Life Studies’ is ‘Well-be-dying’. The research field of this seems as follows. The first is a research field of the outlook on death and life. This is a comparison historic point of view study of a theory based on results of research of the humanities sociology. The second is a field of the studies of the life and death studies in the medical scenes. This is the relaxation treatment of the medical scene and psychological consultation, outlook on life and death education to the medical worker. The object of the study is life and death outlook of the koreans, a propaedeutic of the death and propaedeutic of the family, relaxation treatment for the terminal cancer patient and hospice, life ethics, suicide prevention education and all study about the death. psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, history, culturology, social welfare studies, pedagogics, the approach from medical biology are necessary for a study method.

The Identity of Northeast Asian and Studies of Basic Culture Originated from South Asia Sekine, Hideyuki Recently, not only the politics and economics of a North-east Asian community but also the subject concerning the identity of North-east Asian have been discussed.　It was not easy for South Korea, China, and Japan to share the identity because of nationalism and politicalisystem in stead of the culturalicommonness among theastIt is necessaculto agreelto the value that should be aiaed in North-east Asian for overcome the probsuastIt is desirabsu that both Asian value based on the sense of intimacning tWess ne value based on the universalitninre uaphasized at the same tiaestIt might be a field where philosophniro agreeers can contribute in the teathe ng tculturaliro agreeers contribute to the formerstIt is possible to aeeig e the effect of thinning the identity of ethnocentrism by the harmony decentralization of a culturaliro agree at the lg el of Asian community, nation ng tlocalicommunity as the strategy that effecti ely promotes the teathe.　I presented the method to adjust the identity in Asian community, nation, ng tlocalicommunity by setting af tgh-rngking categ culng tthe subcateg culof the nation ns afstrategy that effecti ely promoted suee work exceeding ethnocentrism. Recently, the migration pathwaulof the raee whoiro ides in the Changjiang valley in Northeast Asia is discussed. These theories have a usefulipossibilitniisystem formation of Northeastku Asian's identity because of tem offer the rationale that shares the folk culture among South Korea, China, and Japan.

Survey on Dragon Character in Culture Contents - Focused on Computer Game Contents Chae, Young-Soog Dragon is a global culture code. He appears in various designs of different genres. This paper considers the origins and differences between Eastern and Western dragons. The classic shape of a dragon appears in the literature, cultural heritage, consumer, and computer game contents. Recently a dragon in the developed computer game looks like a combination of Eastern and Western dragons. Sometimes dragon character has the appearance changed from a dinosaur. The emergence of the dragon is a huge variety of types and appearance. The role of the dragon character is placed in human thinking caught on any part of duality of good and evil. Dragon monster has some classic skills recorded in the literature and technical skills made from a combination of imagination. Computer games based on fantasy story are successful in the current games market. Changes in the perception of dragon depend on the nature of game content pursued diversity and creativity of computer game designer and graphic designer

A research for some problems of Blue Tourism in Korea Kim, Jung-Ha This treatise aims at the explaining about current trend of marine tourism in Korea. Especially the blue tourism represents urban residents' taste to enjoy 3S(sun, sand, sea) by seaside resorts and to have cultural exchange between fishing village residents and urban residents. It is necessary to understand the blue tourism that fishing village residents and urban residents have to be two subjects and have to help each other. By the blue tourism, fishing village residents can get income and keep their identity, and urban residents can have enjoy holiday and pleasure recreation in marine area. To do so, the two subjects must have correct understanding about the blue tourism and must make efforts to develop programs which are enjoyed together. Therefore, the blue tourism in not only a form of general tourism but also a kind of movement to make fishing village more advanced, ecological residence. If it is possible to make fishing village such place by the blue tourism, we can expect to restore humanity and reconstruct community from the result.

The Study on Impact of Affect, Trust, and Commitment of Brand Community on Brand loyalty: Comparison of Korean and Chinese female Hur, Won-Moo The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of brand community commitment among brand community trust, brand community affect, repurchase intention of brand, positive word of mouth of brand and constructive complainant of brand. Also this paper examines the moderating effect of cultural difference (China vs. Korea). We test five main effect hypotheses and two moderating effect hypotheses by estimating a structural equation modeling model with survey data from a sample of mobile handset brand community female members. The study found that brand community trust and affect have a positive effect on brand community commitment. Also this study found that brand community commitment strengthened repurchase intention of brand, positive word of mouth of brand and constructive complainant of brand. Furthermore, we found that cultual difference moderated 1) a relationship between brand community affect and brand community commitment and 2) a relationship between brand community commitment and positive word of mouth of brand.

The effect of Brand Personality to Destination Images Han, Kyung․Kim, Gha-Ryoung․Yhang, Wii-Joo This study is to investigate the effect of the Brand Personality to the image in the Marine Tourism destination. For this purpose, Busan was selected as a sample of Marine Tourism destination and was used J.Aaker's Brand Personality Scale which developed for the product brand personality measurement in 1997. Factor Analysis and multiple regression were used to find the relation between Brand Personality and Cognitive and Affective images. The results of the findings suggested five factors of brand personality were extracted and both cognitive and affective images were influenced by those five factors differently.

Food Service: Job Satisfaction at First? or Knowledge Management at First? Lee, Jae-Woon․Sul, Hoon-Ku․Byun, Chan-Bok The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between employee's job satisfaction and knowledge management process in food service industry. This study needs to identify which construct is the a precedent between employee's job satisfaction and knowledge management. This study analyzes its relationship between the effect of job satisfaction and knowledge management process. A survey for employees in several major casual dining restaurants with structured questionnaire is used to examine these relationships. The results indicate that employees' job satisfaction significantly and directly influence on the knowledge management process which can be classified as knowledge generating, sharing, storing, and utilizing.

The Study on Modeling Regional Industry-University Cooperative Activities and Building a Relevant Networking System Bark, Pyeng-Mu The purpose of the study is to measure a seemingly possible gap between government policy goal to achieve for regional future leading-edge industrial area, and an existing relative advantage and concentration degree of relevant university's cooperative research activities in the region. The study measures and analyzes the gap between the levels of necessarily demanding areas of core technology and relative advantage degrees of regional university's cooperative research activities. Data of regional university's cooperative research activities are archived from the NTIS(National Technology Information System) database by the KISTEP(Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning). The result shows that recent government policy for regional future leading-edge industry development plan is generally consistent with its university's cooperative research advantage and concentration areas with some minor further considerations, specially for ChoongChung and DongNam broad economy areas. Such a result draws future specific research issues such as how to design and build effective and efficient regional university-industry cooperative research model and relevant networking system.

A Study on Wang-Wei's Painting and Poetry - Focused on <Wangquan Painting> and <Wangquan Poetry> Kim, Chang-Gyeong This paper discussed about Wangquan(輞川)'s painting and poetry which Wang-Wei(王維) produced. This research focuses on mutual association between Nature(自然) and Human spirit(情神) expressed in Wangquan's work. Wang-Wei was a poet and painter, and was also one of the founders of the Southern School of Painting(南宗畵). It was influenced by Dong Qichang(董其昌)’s Perspective on Southern School. When Wang-Wei started his career, he was not a famous artist in the Southern School of Painting. When Su-Dongpo(蘇東坡) highly evaluated his work, Wang-Wei became authority of the status Southern School of Painting. <Wangquan Painting> which had painted by Wang-Wei, was already lost, and therefore we are able to know about his work only in classic books. Wang-Wei suggested ‘Yi(意)’, which was the spirit of artist, and his idea of ‘Yi’ gave influence on painting and poetry produced by the next generations. His poem expresses the artistic conception which feeling his emotion and landscape were happily blended.

A Study on Local Studies and Regional Cultural in China Kong, Bong-Jin This paper is a study on ‘Local Studies(地方學)’ and ‘Regional Cultural(區域文化)’ in China. I deal with the classification of ‘Area Studies’ in China. There are Local Studies and Regional Cultural in Chines Area Studies. Local Studies is the ‘Tibetology(藏學)’, ‘Dunhuang Studies(敦煌學)’, ‘Huizhou Studies(徽學)’ and ‘Chaozhou Studies(潮州學)’ etc. Regional Cultural is the ‘Jingchu Culture(荆楚文化)’, ‘Wuyue Culture(吳越文化)’, ‘Bashu Culture(巴蜀文化)’ and ‘Lingnan Culture(岭南文化)’ etc. I deal with the characteristic and type of ‘Local Studies’ and ‘Regional Cultural’ in China. The name of ‘Local Studies’ and ‘Regional Cultural’ originated with the ‘geographical position, administrative area, regions, the dynasty in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period(春秋戰國時代), name of city, nation(民族)’. And I deal with the modern transformation of ‘Local Studie’ and ‘Regional Cultural’ in China.

劉勰 ≪文心雕龍≫의 “通變”문제는 역대로 많은 논란이 있었으며, 이에 관한 적지 않은 연구가 있었다. 본 논문은 유협의 통변론에 관한 이론적인 연구의 토대위에서 그 문장의 예시를 통한 그 통변론의 실체를 규명하고자 시도되었으며, 이러한 시도는 통변론에 관한 기존의 논의가 지나치게 이론 중심의 논의에 치우쳐 있어 그 실체적 의미 획득에 장애가 되고 있다는 인식에서 비롯된다. 그러므로 우리는 “通變”이란 단어와 거기에서 파생된 “變通”、“通”、“變”、“大體”、“適變”、“訛濫” 等等이 사용된 예문을 분석하면서 통변이란 말이 이미 하나의 완정한 학설체계를 구축하고 있다는 사실에 주목하였는데, 그것은 크게 靜態와 動態라는 두 개의 축을 중심으로 서로 다른 층차가 존재한다는 점으로 귀결되었다. 정태적인 층면에서 “變”은 “變體”이고 그것과 상대적인 것은 “大體”인데, “大體”는“變體”안에 숨겨져 있다는 것이다. “變體”는 “大體”상의 “通”에 우선 그 근거기반을 두고 있다는 점이라는 사실, 즉“ 大體”의 “變體”가 없으면 안 되고 “通”이 없으면 마찬가지로“大體”도 없게 된다. 따라서 “大體”와 “變體”는 모두 “通”에 의지해야만 한다. 동태적인 측면에서 “變” 은 “因”과“革”이라는 두 개의 구체적인 방법을 포함하고 있는데,“因”과 “革”은 각각 “變”의 하위개념으로 동태적인 “變”은 긍정할 만한 충분한 가치가 있는 것이다. 이 두 “變”은 각각 “適變”과“訛濫”으로 나뉘어지게 되는 것이다. 이렇게 본다면 반드시 “變體” 를 통해 “大體”에 이르게 됨을 알 수 있다. 즉 정태적인 측면의 “變體”를 통해 원만하게 “大體”를 파악할 수 있으니，이 과정이 바로 “會通”과 “乖謬”의 문제가 대두되는 것이다. ≪文心雕龍≫에 의거해 볼 때, “變”으로 인해 탄생되는 문학작품은 “通變”할 수 있는 것이며, “會通”의 근거가 되는 것이다. 유협이 말하는 “變”은 “適變”에 무게중심이 실려 있다는 것을 충분히 인식할 수 있겠다.

Study on Chinese Internet Culture through Internet Celebrity Phenomenon - focus on netizen's commentary - Chen, Nan․Kim, Chang-Gyeong The purpose of this study is to research the characteristic of chinese internet culture through internet celebrity phenomenon. By conducting textual content analysis of internet celebrities' personal blog sites, this study will analysis netizen's commentaries relating to internet celebrity and unveil the web meme through the internet celebrity phenomenon. With reference to the type of internet celebrity we selected ‘FuRongJieJie’ and ‘HuGe’ as our research objects. As the results of this study, we found the characteristic of internet celebrity and the reason why internet celebrity gained popularity among netizens. From the netizen' commentaries towards ‘FuRongJieJie’ and ‘HuGe’, we also discovered parody culture and exotic culture as elements of internet celebrities', these cultures challenged the position of main culture but also enriched the content of main culture. In conclusion, Chinese internet culture have the feature of ShanZhai culture which not only parody the main culture but also rise above the core value of main culture.

The Character of UGAYAHUKIAHEZU and the Conceptions of KIKI myth Kim, Sang-Gyu When it is colored, the tradition of UGAYAHUKIAHEZU in KIKI is thought to have an important function assigned JINDAISI(神代史). First, as for being the fifth generation from AMATERASU(皇祖神), relations with the genealogy of the KEITAI Emperor have an influence. Then, this god's childbirth tradition is connected with the story closely by the thing that a name is divided into HUKIAHEZU with UMUGAYA like that. Therefore, it thinks with the thing which grew when it seemed to be made in the rest and the original tradition of KIKI(記紀) was probably completed. Moreover, an ingredient had to have power of sea-god who is a spirit-like qualification in the important element that it can't be missed for the Emperor's sacredness, and a marriage with TAMAYORIHIME was tied. Of course it has ability like a curse of sea-god because that extension birthplace is the sea-god's daughter if it is reworded. It may be the product of the age which the spirit power which controlled the water world by the thing that could think with the Emperor's qualification over it it about it was necessary in accordance with the grain spirit of the TENSON(天孫). At any rate, both were the figures as the parents in genealogy of the first Emperor which were necessary.

“Ippon no Hana” by Yuriko Miyamoto - as a symbolic image of an independent woman- Lee, Sang-Bok “Ippon no Hana (One Flower)” is meaningful due to Yuriko Miyamoto’s final work in her early period before leaving for the Soviet Union. Despite Asako said she loved Sachiko, the heroine surprised herself because she was mentally disturbed by a proposal of Mr Ohira. However she denied the marriage. Asako understood women always sacrificed on their lives for marriages and their “half-opened flowers” were not able to bloom compleately because of the inertia of the male-centered society. Regarding the jobs for female, she expressed her negative emotion against male supremacy over the society through her experiences with female victims of discriminations in a social welfare cooperation. However she also indicated the diversified advancement through the professionalization of intellectual women, and suggested that women were about to establish their spiritual and internal world views as well as the financial independence. In the later part of the novel the author wrote that Asako had a desire to discontinue her monotonous life with Sachiko and participate in the society. Consequently it can be said that “Ippon no Hana (One Flower)” raised various possibilities of women to seek their own lives, which are based on the issue of women’s self and subjectivity in the contradictive society.

A Study on A Mirage: Focus on Use of Painting Techniques Noh, Young-Sook Published the March 1927 issue of the magazine Huzinkouron, Akutagawa Ryunosuke's work, A Mirage, reflects the author's mental state immediately before his death. Akutagawa had been absorbed in experimenting with new, creative ways of literary writing, which culminated in this particular work. The writer presents descriptions of strolls on the beach where mirages are actually witnessed. The first part handles, in a chronological order, trivial episodes that are experienced during the day, whereas the second one is concerned with those that occur at night. Owing to such a simple composition, the work appears to be monotonous, yet is full of mental melancholy. The protagonist knows that his dream to be a true artist is only ephemeral like a mirage, but cannot yet forsake his dream. The unfulfilled dream turns the protagonist into an abnormal being who is under illusion in every part of his daily life. This is expressed in one episode after another, and the seriousness of the protagonist's condition is succinctly epitomized in the short last sentence, “I'm now standing in front of the door half open” after a stroll on the beach. In this study, the characteristics of Akutagawa's work are analyzed using painting techniques. First, the multidimensional composition of the work is examined. Then unique expressions of the writer are investigated. The study concludes with a graphic completion of A Mirage.

A Comparative Study on <the World of Silver>, ‘New-style novel’ of Korea, by Lee In-jik and <Black Tide>, ‘Social-novel’ of Japan, by Tokutomi Loka Seo, Eun-Seon․Yoon, Il In this study, there is comparison between <the World of SIilver>, ‘New-style novel’ of Korea, by Lee In-jik and <Black Tide>, ‘Social-novel’ of Japan, by Tokutomi Loka. The focus of comparison is the features of plot and how to express the criticism of political situation, the key motive of novels. First of all, in <Black Tide>(1902) Higasi, a retainer of collapsed shogunate (Japan´s feudal government) by the Meiji-restoration in 1868, criticizes the corruption of Mage-regime and reforms that it makes the people more suffer, but finally he admitted that he had been defeated by the justification of the Meiji regime, civilization and enlightenment or heading for a progress, and ‘nationalism’ ideology claiming to protect the government by power. At this point, the critical motive was described in a debating structure and there was a dispute between Higashi and Meiji-regime retainers. And there was the distinct of ‘dialogism’, the terms of Bakhtin.. Higashi hoped his son to learn the modern education, ‘new-edution’ in England for overcoming ‘nationalism’ of Meiji regime. At last He left the will to his son to work and to win in political part by ‘new-education’. Lee In-jik's the new-style fiction, <the World of Silver> appeared in 1908. ‘the World of Silver’ was a literary record describing the main political and social situation of the period, often called the Era of Enlightenment. In the first part, the writer criticized an absolute monarchy as well as bureaucracy tyrannies by interpreting Choi Byoung-do (main character)'s death as a sacrifice. Meanwhile, Choi Byoun-do became a voluntary victim by refusing an insurrection and compromise with impropriety, which conveys a message of revolution to the readers. And there was the distinct of ‘monologlc’, the terms of Bakhtin. In the latter, political situation was abridged because of the limited space. Therefore, as if Kim Ok-kyun's purpose of reforms, foundation of administrative reform, was confined to ‘new-education.’ Consequently, Lee In-jik, also wanted to enlighten the public based on theories of ‘new-education.’

On the Differenc in Usage of ‘gōu’(工) and ‘shou’(匠) Appearing in Nihonshoki(日本書紀) Yu, Min-Hwa The words ‘gōu’(工) and ‘shou’(匠), signifying technical experts or craftsmen, has a same kokun(古訓) ‘takumi’ in the koshahon(古寫本) of Nihonshoki(日本書紀). When analyzing the cases in which the words ‘gōu’(工) and ‘shou’(匠), were used in Nihonshoki, it is understood that both had the following differences in their semantic usages: ‘Gōu’(工) signifies technical experts or craftsmen in handicraft fields, and is mostly used as being attached to nouns which signify handicraft fields in its usages, whereas ‘shou’(匠) signifies craftsmen with expert skills, especially the head of the government office which dealt with engineering and constructing ancestral shrines and royal chambers, and is characterized by its mostly being used in compound word usage, accompanied by adjectives. The usage of ‘gōushou’(工匠), the combination word of ‘gōu’(工) and ‘shou’(匠), also appears, ‘gōushou’(工匠) is used as a common noun which generically calls the technicians engaged in the governmental services related to construction work.

The Semantic Analysis of the Synonyms ‘ataeru’ and ‘yaru’ Kim, Ok-Yeong There are two verbs 'yaru' and 'ataeru' in Japanese which mean 'to give.' When the object moves from the one who gives to the one who receives, the difference between the two verbs is largely shown in two points of view. 1. When the object belongs to concrete things 'yaru' is basically used, which also features privacy that it mostly comes to be used in dialogic style. 'Ataeru' has subject given by official institutions, and is mostly used in written style as explanatory texts. It also imply the higher position of the subject who gives, that when we use 'ataeru' to the equal or a little subordinate part giving the subjective thing to them it hears like the superiority on our part or a joke. When it comes to time time does not belong to concrete things but shares additivity with them, that it is also used in the case of 'yaru' and in the one of giving one's son or daughter as a spouse. 2. When the object belongs to abstract things 'ataeru' is used. The cases are when giving abstract things, when imposing works, obligations or fines, when conferring value or authority, when giving advice, orders or explanations, when affecting mental effects, and others.

｢～に対する｣ ｢～についての｣ ｢～に関する｣一考察ー 小、中、高　国語教科書を中心に ー金仙姫 ｢～ey Tayhan｣ ｢～ey Kwanhan｣の正しい使い分けについて韓国の国定教科書(小、中、高の国語テキスト)と韓国語学の専門の書籍を中心に用例を収集して、頻度と意味の二つに分けて考察した。頻度上では、国定教科書(小、中、高の国語テキスト)場合も韓国語学の専門の書籍の場合も同じく、｢～ey Tayhan｣が圧倒的に多かった。しかし国定教科書(小、中、高の国語テキスト)場合、｢～ey Tayhan｣ ｢～ey Kwanhan｣が段階的に使われていて両方の差が見られたが、韓国語学の専門の書籍の場合は、人によって｢～ey　Tayhan｣ ｢～ey　Kwanhan｣の使い分けが違っていた。こういう理由で意味上での考察の対象を国定教科書(小、中、高の国語テキスト)に絞って分析した。意味上では、語の性質の強いものはその語によって後置詞が決められるが、語の性質が弱くなればなるほど後置詞をとる範囲が広くなる．まず、C部分が決め手の役割を持つ場合である。例えば｢反応、態度、怒り｣などの態度の対象になる語は｢～ey Tayhan｣のみ用いられやすい。なた｢解明｣のような対象と密着性の高い語も｢～ey Tayhan｣のみ用いられやすい。｢考え、理解、意見｣などの対象にも内容にも取られる場合も｢～ey Tayhan｣が用いられやすい。｢法、協約｣などの法律関係の語は｢～ey Kwanhan｣が用いられやすい。次に、A部分が決め手の役割を持つ場合である。｢話、説明、資料、本、研究、情報｣などの知的行為表す語は、｢～ey Tayhan｣ ｢～ey Kwanhan｣いずれも用いられやすい。この場合はA部分によって後置詞が決められる。A部分の内容が具体的になるほど｢～ey Tayhan｣が用いられやすく、包括的になるほど｢～ey Kwanhan｣が用いられやすい。最後にC部分とA部分両方決め手の役割を持つ場合である。C部分の｢随筆、ニュース｣などの語とA部分の包括的な内容で話題性の強い語は｢～ey Kwanhan｣が用いられやすい。

Aspects of God Names in Ancient Japanese - With an Emphasis on Contradistinctive Naming in Kojiki and Nihon-shoki - Choi, Kun-Sik This study compares aspects of contradistinctive naming of gods according to age order and monosyllabic morphemes in Kojiki and Nihon-shoki with those of contradistinctive naming of persons. It reveals the following differences and similarities: First, naming of gods and persons shows a difference in contradistinctive naming according to age order. Examples of contradistinctive naming according to 「兄─弟」 are found in personal names while no such examples are found in god names since there seems to be no need to be ordered according to age or power in the god's world. Some examples using 「大─若」 are, however, found in god names. It seems that they are allowed because they are originally euphemistic expressions. Second, naming of gods shows other characteristics. Some of the god names are from their birth places or stages of action while others are from expressions that describe their mythical plots. God names that are from seasons are also found, which seems to show that the god's world and human world are closely related. Third, naming of gods and persons shows a similarity in contradistinctive naming using monosyllabic morphemes. Like personal names, God names can also be contrastively distinguished by presence and absence of certain monosyllabic morphemes, two different monosyllabic morphemes, and the two different connective particles no(の)and tu(つ)in their names.

The study of the type and the characteristic in Japanese causative sentence - From the situation of the Japanese education - Lee, Jung-Sook There are many people who are wrong about words and meaning of a Japanese causative sentence, how to use well. In addition, they do not understand points unlike a transitive verb sentence well, too. I did a readjustment about a type and the characteristic of a Japanese causative sentence in this study. The abstract seems to be next. 1) It is a verb of the form to get "SERU SASERU". The structure of the sentence changes. Agent becomes the new subject. The subject of the original sentence takes "ni" or "wo" and becomes the object. 2) It is divided into a thing by the action that the causative movement of Agent depends on words greatly. Indirect, as for the causative movement by words, the causative movement by the action is direct. 3) It is said in movement for Patient of agent influencing perception activity of Patient that indirect. 4) It is concrete and is physical, and it is said that I am direct in movement to conflict with Patient in itself. 5) It is typical causative sentence that Agent and Patient are people. As for causative sentence, movement of Patient and the change that are in a state are caused by a causative act of Agent.