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The purpose of this study is to compare Go Jeong-hui who went through the period of turbulence in the 80’s with a series of pro-democracy movements in Korea and Sū Tǐng who lived through the 80’s in China that was in the center of enormous social as well as economic transformation within the flow of new culture and ideology after the cultural revolution of major disturbance lasting for 10 years and consider how women’s writing was realized aesthetically as participation in the era when resistance against suppression took place explosively in the two areas equipped with different cultures and systems as capitalism and socialism. Go Jeong-hui and Sū Tǐng were both representative women oriented to the same path in the aspects of resisting against male authority and refusing male-dominated literary tradition; however, in the aspects of expression, they are characterized very differently. Go Jeong-hui established the identity of feminist poetry by dismantling poetic grammar that trapped the writers and disclosing the suppressive mechanism of poetic writing through explicit utterances while Sū Tǐng expressed what she wanted to say through misty poetry correspondingly to the circumstances in China. Go Jeong-hui reported physical suppression, substantial pain, and hardships in life that women had to go through in men-oriented society through female narrators either directly or indirectly whereas Sū Tǐng chose not to report such aspects of men directly but to negate the image of traditional women relying on and adapting to men and stress the importance of women having to become independent and subjective mainly. Also, in reporting the truth of external world symbolizing male authority, Go Jeong-hui tried to resist that through straight-forward expressions while Sū Tǐng suggested women them to look back on themselves first rather than to confront it directly through the use of exquisite analogy or metaphor. Lastly, about the possibility of overcoming it, Go Jeong-hui developed the possibility of building a new world through mothers’ sacrifice and sisterhood whereas Sū Tǐng brought macroscopic discourse as comparing mothers to the mother nation solely.

On March 1st, 1919, Korean people launched the March 1st movement. Not only did Chinese newspapers and magazines widely report it, a great number of literature works also focused on the event. Through analysis, it’s not hard to find that Chinese writers truly reproduce the resistance of Koreans with the aid of relevant media reports and memories of Koreans coming to China. As for the representation of March 1st Movement, many works adopt the writing technique of realism, which authentically recreates the awakening and resistance of common people and deeply discloses the brutal nature of the Japanese imperialism. As a result, the works realize the aim of appealing to Chinese people to resist bravely, and they also manifest the understanding of the necessity that the oppressed peoples should unite together. These works also embody Chinese understanding of the struggle forms in March 1st Movement. Especially after the movement, both Korean independence fighters living in exile in China and Chinese people realized the importance of fighting against Japanese imperialism by force, and formed the joint consciousness of China and Korea in united resistance against Japan. Although the number of these works is not large, the representation and reflection of Korean historical events in Korean foreign literature can carry out effective dialogue with Korean national literature related to the March 1st movement. It also provides important reference for us to remember the historical memory, which is of great significance and value.

Higuchi Ichiyo is a writer with abundant classical culture, whose influence is widely seen in her literature. Many of her books, which she had read and owned since childhood, famous as a book reader, remain in the Yamanashi Prefectural Museum of Literature in Japan, and refer to the book list, you will find that you have heard of not only Japanese literature but also Chinese “Shiji : Records of the Grand Historia” “Shijing : Classic of Poetry” and “Crime and Punishment” of Russia. In particular, it is noteworthy that there is a book in existence that has directly written Korean classical literature, “Ku-unmong”. It is well known that this is due to the influence of the novel's teacher, Nakarai Tosui. As a correspondent for Japan's Asahi Shimbun newspaper, Nakarai Tosui not only played in Korea(Joseon), but also translated “Chunhyangjun” for the first time in Japan and introduced it to Japan along with Korea(Joseon) culture. In 1891, he published a series of novels inspired by the “Ku-unmong” in The Asahi Shimbun. It is very interesting that we tried to convey the customs and recognition of Korea(Joseon) to the Japanese through “Chunhyangjun” and “Ku-unmong” the representative works of Korean classical literature, It would be only natural that these activities of Tosui have been passed on to his disciple, Ichiyo. In this article, it is revealed that Ku-unmong, which Ichiro had written, is “Kyehyebon” rather than “Eulsabon”, Four of Ichiyo's works, “Wakarezimo” “Samidare” “Hanagomori” and “Nigorie” confirmed Ku-unmong's influence in the expression of women's lives. That is, In “Wakarezimo” the chastity of “Chunhyangjun”, the influence of “Zhuangzi(The Butterfly Dream)” in “Ku-unmong” is shown, In “Samidare” the loyalty among women is expressed just as it appears in “Ku-unmong”. And in “Hanagomori” in the way of rising in the world and gaining fame and “Nigorie” the scene of a family collapsing due to an imbalance in the social structure is realistically described as confessing oneself to becoming prostitute. It can be said that it is the method of creation of the novel of Ichiyo that it accepted not only the classics of Japan but also the classics of Korea and expressed in the works.

This study aims to investigate the cultural meaning and value of Hwang Gu-yeon’s orally narrated folk tales. The study on Hwang Gu-yeon and the folk tales he talked about began in the late 80’s, and over 200 orally narrated folk tales were published in the magazines such as <Arirang>, <Art World>, <Chinese Folk Tale>, etc. starting from 1938, and in 2007, [The Complete Works of Hwang Gu-yeon] was arranged and published by Kim Jae-gweon. Hwang Gu-yeon is the 22nd descendant of Minister Hwang Hui. He was born in Gyeonggi-do of Korea, and when he was a child, he studied Chinese classics very much. He had lived in Korea until 1937 and then emigrated to China during the Japanese colonial period, and died at the age of 79. Since he accomplished a wide range of achievements, such as spreading not only Korean folk tales but also Chinese folk tales, he was honored with “China’s three major kings of Story” by China’s Civilian Literary Institution and [The Complete Works of Hwang Gu-yeon] containing 947 stories was published by Kim Jae-gweon, etc. The folk tales of [The Complete Works of Hwang Gu-yeon] regarded as his achievements have been intangible cultural heritages formed through a long history, and valuable assets like a treasure house indicating the development aspect of Korean folk tales and the combination of Chinese and Korean folk tale cultures. Accordingly, the study, by considering the cultural meaning in Hwang Gu-yeon’s orally narrated folk tales, intends to explore the values as the original contents his orally narrated folk tales have, and discover the possibility of using them as the original forms of various cultural contents. Orally narrated folk tales have the elements to change excellent Korean traditional folk tales into the contents for showing Korean children their dream and fantasy world and delivering the national ideology for them to understand and love the knowledge of Korean history and Korean ancient cultures, and to develop various cultural products to boast of Korea and the characteristics of Korea. Especially, the study will identify its significance in that developing the original contents of Hwng Ghu-yeon’s orally narrated folk tales can raise availability in providing the resources for creation of Korean cultural archetypes as creative sources to develop various content products by using this.

In this study, we focus on the Social Ecology which is comment that ecological problem of the ecology, which is the most important ecological problem in the society, culture and more all of the world. The Social Ecology combine the nature of 3 types which are First Nature, Second Nature and Free Nature. In the second nature of disproportion, on the ideal connection line to the free nature which is close to the ideal and the second nature of society and culture derived from the primitive nature of nature, This project was initiated by considering the situation of the physical and mental health of our children who will be the participants of the social ecosystem in the future and how they can promote the physical activities of children. It is also a socio-ecological perspective, especially in the sustainable way of maintaining the flexibility of the mind that constantly creates creative individuals and social groups, living in close ties with parents, siblings, Physical health promotion process and causality. As a result of comparing the daily life of both Korean and Chinese children to learning, leisure time, and physical activities, the daily life patterns of the children in both countries surveyed had a lot of time spent on learning activities and early education, Children spend a lot of time in virtual space, ie computer use. Both the children in both countries showed a relatively low level of time spent on physical activity compared to the activities of learning and leisure time. The results of this analysis show that the physical activities of pre-school children in Korea and China are socially inadequate due to environmental, educational, and socio-cultural factors, ie they are unbalanced in the Phsical Activity supportive environment. Based on the results of this study, we propose an alternative health ecology model for improvement of physical fitness and health promotion by defining the factors of Phsical Activity supportive environment which affects the physical health of both Korean and Chinese children.

Film is a realization of dream through technology. The same is true of filming an locality. The problem is who is the subject of this dream. In many films that represent Busan, the subject of this dream is often capital, and the local and local people are alienated as the other. It is not only in cinematic representation, the world before the film is already divided and partitioned through the eyes of capitalism. It can be said that ‘the distribution of the sensible’ following the ‘representative regime’ mentioned by Ranciere. In that sense, “A Midsummer’s Fantasia” creates a new meaning and affection about space through the new way of making story. This film takes the form of experiencing production and creation by revealing instead of concealing the process of representation. It basically starts with acknowledging that Gojo is a space of 'nothingness'. By acknowledging its otherness, the film engages in an interactive relationship with others in the filming process and structurally is expressed in juxtaposition of documentary and fiction. Through this process, the locality of Gojo is expanded, revitalized, and deepened into the creation of story and love. This process is the realization of the dreams overlapped on the space of real residents living in Gojo. The film does not consume the landscape, history, and people living there. Thus, it is represented both as a space of ‘nothingness’ and a space where dreams are realized, and there’s physically ‘nothingness’ is changed a possibility of projecting anything like a pure white screen. Though this film is not too big success as like block buster, there are some tourist to visit Gojo after seeing this film, and they have found nothing in Gojoshi. However, nothing at this time does not mean meaninglessness or worthlessness. Most importantly, it is the meaning of this film to those who live in Gojo. By this movie, the local people who said that it was "a village without a special thing" found this town to be a special place.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of child care teachers' professional perception on the relationship between professional learning environment and their efficacy as teachers. For the purpose of the study, a total of 207 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to teachers in Busan, and the final 190 teachers' data were analyzed. Three different inventories were utilized. One was a professional perception inventory consisting of 3 domains and 55 items, the second was a teacher efficacy inventory consisting of two domains and 25 items, and the third was a professional learning environment inventory consisting of 4 domains and 36 items. In order to investigate the relationship of each variable, we conducted a correlation analysis and performed hierarchical regression analysis to verify the mediating effect of professional perception on the relationship between professional learning environment and teacher efficacy. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, there were significant correlations among professional learning environment, professional perception and teacher efficacy. Second, the professional perception completely mediated the relationship between professional learning environment and teacher efficacy. The results of this study show professional perception should be considered as an important factor to promote professional learning environment of child care teachers and their efficacy. In other words, teacher efficacy can be developed through the enhancement of professional perception and the improvement of professional learning environment by providing various training programs for child care teachers.

Korean society still recognizes domestic labors as women’s own traditional role and there have been reports that women are being discriminated against as human resources. While there are many factors that impede women’s sustainable careers in workplace and social phenomena, it is necessary to investigate the factors that satisfy job environments perceived by women workers as the necessity of utilizing female workforce continue to increases. The purpose of this study is to investigate how the factors of job characteristics and job environment in Korean culture where prioritizes organizations are perceived by female workers and how these factors affect their life and job satisfaction. furthermore, the study investigates the factors that the corporations have to focus more for women’s sustainable economic activities. An empirical analysis showed that the job characteristics and environments recognized by Korean female workers surrounded by unique organizational culture has affected job satisfaction and their life when given appropriate authorities and recognition with gender equality in autonomous environment as well as the presence of colleagues who can sympathize with rather than competitiveness and rewards. In particular, it confirmed that human resource is the most positive factor that influences both life satisfaction and job satisfaction. This allows the government to establish the policies for women and to identify how workplace environment and culture should be created for the corporations to make full use of female labor force.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, and job turnover intention by the types of business relationships between professional convention organizers and service contractors. The types of business relationships are based on two dimensions, the strategic impact of service, and the involvement by contractors. They are summed up with alliance, reliance, support, and alignment. The study constructs include job stress, job satisfaction, and job turnover intention. These constructs have been utilized and affirmed valid and reliable as the measurements from the previously related studies. Data were collected with survey of the PCO, PEO, and events companies currently active in Seoul and Busan. The measurements were examined differences by the four types of business relationships. The sample distribution among the four types of business relationship should be identified. Alliance between convention organizers and service contractors refered to the highest frequencies in the sample. Alignment type showed the second. Reliance type was the third. Support type was the last. The four types of business relationship is discussed differences by job stress, satisfaction, and turnover intention. Firstly job stress is significantly different among the four partnerships. Reliance type shows the highest level in job stress. Second, job satisfaction is significantly different among the four partnerships. Alignment type shows the highest level in job satisfaction. Third, job turnover intention is the only construct that does not show any differences among the four partnership types. Implication is that three dimensions of partnership with job stress, and job satisfaction are significantly different by the types of business relationships.

This paper aims to conduct a study on the communicative effect of interrogative sentences with ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, ‘zenme’ implying negative meanings rather than asking questions. This type of interrogative sentences is called as ‘an interrogative sentence of implicative negation(ISIN)’. The findings are as follows: 1) Negation can be classified into two types of negation. One is a propositional negation, in which proposition is directly negated by 不, 沒, 別. The other is an implicative negation, in which proposition is indirectly and implicitly negated depending on the context. 2) An implicative negation has a feature to depend on both context and premise. 3) An implicative negation is indirectly expressed and concretely comprehended by means of a rhetorical question. 4) Chinese people often use rhetorical questions with ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, or ‘zenme’ to indirectly imply negative meanings, 5) In ISIN ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, ‘zenme’ are acted as a trigger to bring about negative meanings, thus they can not be both focused and stressed. The negative focus can be an element either before or after ‘shei’, ‘shenme’, ‘na’, or ‘zenme’. 6) The use of ISIN results in the effect of both decreasing of the degree of the addressee's face demage and helping the addressee to cooperate in the communication by means of giving a relevant information. Through using ISIN, Chinese people clearly express their communicative intentions such as disapprove, refutation, reproach, criticism, dissatisfaction, suggestion, warning, politeness, assertion in relation to the addressee's opinion, assertion, or judgment in their daily communication. In conclusion, ISIN is founded to be an useful tool for the efficient communication.

Jiumoluoshi is the first Chinese artisan in the translation industry, and the quality of the theory is above the standard. His translation can last for a long time, indicating that he truly masters the principles of Chinese expression and construction. We start with word formation, first of all the use of compound words and their composition rules of Roche translation, and then compare the differences in the use of words in different translations. Lexical analysis is an important part of vocabulary research. In particular, the main distinguishing value of compound words relative to monosyllabic words is the compounding of morphemes rather than the syllables. Therefore, the understanding of the structure of compound words should focus on the understanding of the combination of morphemes. More importantly, its word structure is full of decomposability, which can be shaped by meaning and meaning. The word itself can be satisfied with the analysis of self-sufficiency.In the research method, this paper cuts in from the perspective of word formation, and focuses on the description of syntactic forms. It uses the methods of description, analysis and induction to grasp the rules of compound word formation. With the development of society and the need for language expression, the two-syllableization of Chinese vocabulary is an inevitable phenomenon. Among them, the entry of foreign culture, such as the introduction of Buddhism, followed by the translation of Buddhist scriptures promoted a large number of two-syllable words. increase. This is a well-known fact. However, this article observes the subtle changes in the language that appear in the translation of Buddhist scriptures, sums up the general laws, and finds out that there are very few main prescribing, moving objects, and dynamic complements in the ancient Chinese. Due to the needs of style and expression, the use of polysyllabic words in Buddhist scriptures has become an irresistible trend.

The text was carried out by observing the structure of the relationship between each component of the syntax in the framework of the spatial structure and scheming the process of movement that appeared between the components through mathematical diagrams or diagrams, thus altering the various boundaries that appeared in the spatial structure. First, the space and time in which the event occurs were consistent with the spatial structure framework, and the process of movement in the process of the event occurring and ending was understood through the narrative. In addition, two systems were formed by analyzing the objects that appeared in the event, the subject, the object, and the role of the observer, into the relationship structure, dividing them into spatial and mobile and relative structures and mobile diagrams. First, in the ‘movemental schematic of spatial structure’, we looked at the prepositions associated with the three viscosities of the starting point, process, and end point that constitute the movement. The first focused on ‘the starting point’ or compared differences in the moving process of the existing prepositions ‘朝’, ‘从’ and ‘离’. The differences in the starting points they display can be plotted as follows. The second example is the preposition ‘往’, ‘过’ and ‘当’, which focuses on process or progress. First, ‘往’ and ‘过’ are separated horizontally and vertically by their reference lines. Again, ‘过’ and ‘當’ are the reference points or stop at the reference line and then continue to the next or the difference is whether it is passed through a tube or through a tube. The third looked at ‘向’ and ‘到’-the prepositions focusing on the end points. While ‘到’ comes into contact with the arrival point as seen in its semantic structure, ‘向’ does not show whether it has made direct contact with the end point. The following are prepositions from ‘relationship structure and movemental schematic. ‘跟’ and ‘和’ of ‘bilateral action’were compared with written style ‘與’ and ‘同’, looked at the ‘对’ and ‘给’ as well as ‘为’ and ‘替’ of one side. Below are eight prepositions divided by two. As we have seen in ‘relationship structure and movemental schematic‘ did not use Korean translation as in ’movemental schematic of spatial structure’. But for Korean Chinese learners, teaching classes separately from Korean translations is one way.

This paper came up with the fact that various different opinions exist on the form of ‘VGeN’, reviewed each of those opinions, and reconsidered the function of ‘Ge’. The core of the ‘VGeN’ format is ‘Ge’ for that reason, the past view of the function of the ‘Ge’ itself was first scrutinized. In the beginning, ‘Ge’ was simply viewed as a unit of counting or as a classifier, and some were described as a function of individuation. This report puts focus on the function of individuation and considers this in relation to the ‘VGeN’. Although it is also shown in the various examples presented in this report, ‘VGeN’ is no longer a function for simple numerical representation, nor does it serve as a classifier to classify certain nouns. A noun that has not received any quantity of modifier in a sentence simply represents the total classification of an object, but can be recognized as an objective object embodied through the process of individualization. However, even the object of the objectification is no longer biased by the noun at the back or by the verb at the front. Looking at the different combinations of ‘VGeN’ presented in the text, ‘Ge’ could no longer be combined solely with one side. Along with this aspect, the fact that the object in Chinese can be omitted if it receives the formula of the quantity and the number is ‘one’ is also a potential feature that opens up the possibility of achieving the current ‘VGeN’ format. As these factors are used at high frequencies, the interior of the ‘VGeN’ is re-analyzed as shown in A: [ V[GeN] ] → B: [ VGeN ], and thus a new function has been introduced. Observations of past syntactic analyses were considered to be limited, so we considered the useful aspects of situations in which ‘VGeN’ is used in the example sentence, along with the above basic thought processes. We looked at various aspects of the speaker's position in the environment, his purpose, his intention to ignite, and his recognition as a listener. Through these comprehensive observations and thoughts, this report reflected the psychology and attitude of the speaker to embody the actions, and emphasize them in the ‘VGeN’

This study examines the expressions of resentment (怨) and rage (憤) in Sima Qian’s “Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng” (屈原賈生列傳) in the Records of the Grand Historian. The examination reveals that Sima Qian’s choice of biographic subjects and narrative techniques can be understood as the writer’s efforts to heal his own psychological trauma caused by wrongful imprisonment and castration. Sima Qian chose Qu Yuan (屈原 c. 340–278 BC) and Jia Sheng (Jia Yi 賈生 c. 200-169 BC) as biography subjects and depicted them as tragic heroes. The writer expressed his deep sympathy for Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, who lived unfortunate lives suffering from false accusations made by people jealous of their outstanding literary talents. The author used a river motif and paralleled the lives of Qu Yuan, Jia Sheng, and himself in the work. Qu Yuan weighed himself down with a stone and committed suicide by wading into the Miluo River. More than a hundred years after Qu Yuan’s death, during the Han Dynasty, Jia Sheng went to the Xiang River and wrote a funeral oration for the river to mourn Qu Yuan. Sima Qian also went to the Xiang river and mourned the two with tears. He highlighted a literary setting—a river—to enable readers to identify the three as tragic heroes. He also used Jia Sheng’s reading about Qu Yuan and his own readings about the two people to explore the nuances of empathy. This characterization is Sima Qian’s strategy to reveal himself as a tragic hero similar to the famous two from the past and evoke readers’ sympathy.

The Wei Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties is not only a period of storm and stress, but also a period of deep life color. The scholars who living in this age witness the rise and fall of different dynasties, passive political strife, and the suffering of separation and death. And in the turbulent social context, the self-consciousness of the individual and the life consciousness of the scholars were during gradual Awakening, and they were also highlighted in the literature and art. As the origin of life, the sea is not only closely related to life in science, but also blending literature with life-consciousness in many forms and shape into ocean-poetry, ocean-Fu etc. Their ocean poetry not only carries their depression and pain, ideality and affectionate writing, but also lurks many types of life consciousness when they sigh over the passage of time, fear for the future of our country, treat life with positive and motivational thoughts or regard life with indifferent attitude. This paper discusses the life consciousness contained in the ocean poetry of this period from two aspects which is the loss of life value and the pursuits of life value. It is found that although the keynote of the life consciousness is sad, there is joy in the sadness. Even a part of the scholars generated a kind of rational and conscious life realm. In particular, the loss of life is reflected in two aspects : the lamentation of limited life, namely, lamented the transient life or the lives out-of- control. The second is the mournful indignation of bereavement which happened in their love, fellowship and family. In the pursuit of the meaning of life, the ocean poetry was mainly written from two aspects, the pursuit of the value of real life and the transcendence of the existing realm of life. The poets often combine their own experiences to express the power, comfort and peace given to them by the ocean. The excitement of the ocean gives them a positive power of pursuing their dream, the breadth of the ocean gives them spiritual comfort, and they also gained the courage to leave reality, formed the realm of life of rational freedom, and try to practice this ideal realm by themselves.

Traditional funeral rites are a research topic suitable for understanding the long-time emotional behavioral characteristics of a nation. This is because inherent spiritual worlds such as local beliefs, ideologies, and religions possessed by family groups and societies in the afterlife are inherent. Therefore in this paper, the research aims to examine the socio-cultural characteristics unique to the Vietnamese people and to improve the understanding of the Vietnamese people and their families and society through the study of Vietnamese traditions. In this study, we regard the family customs of the late 17th century, where Vietnamese began to carry out the above-mentioned example with the formalities and procedures for the first time, based on the Zhu Xi`s Family Rituals. And we will study the above-mentioned traditional example of the Kinh tribe, which accounts for about 88% of the total population of the 54 ethnic groups of the multi-ethnic nation. We will also study the traditional example described above, which is universally rooted in all areas of Vietnam. As a research method, a narrative that comprehensively analyzes relevant information of Tho Mai Gia Le original text and its translated or re-edited domestic and foreign reference materials, which are accepted as traditional teaching guidelines of Vietnam today Take the way. The structure of this article will be examined in Chapter 2 on the inflow process of the Zhu Xi`s Family Rituals into Vietnam and the formation process of the Vietnamese tradition. In Chapter 3, we will look at each procedure of the Vietnamese tradition and the unique concept of the procedure ritual. In the conclusion of Chapter 4, we comprehensively summarize the contents of each chapter

The current study considers types and factors of the Korean clausal suffix ‘-eossda/-nda’ etc, which has the highest usage rate among the ommission corresponding to the Japanese suffix ｢-te shimau｣. Corresponding Korean Omission of ｢-te shimau｣ refers to the meaning of the verb joining with ｢-te shimau｣, the tense of ｢shimau｣ and the expression that follows ｢-te shimau｣ not to ‘-beorida/-malda’, etc. The ommission corresponding to ｢-te shimau｣ occurs because combination with ‘-beorida/-malda’ is restricted when the preceding verb has features [+generation][+positive][-action][-instantaneity], when the cooccuring adverbs have features [+homeostasis][+repeatability][+positive], when the corresponding Korean suffix types are ‘-eojida/-ge doeda’, or when the corresponding Korean is the in the highest honorific form. In addition, because the Japanese conjunctive clause ｢-te shimau｣, which connects clauses in temporal order, referes to completed events, correspondence is omitted. When combined with a modality expression at the end of a sentence, correspondence is omitted because ｢-te shimau｣ originally has the meaning of modality, which in turn causes meanings to overlap. If a learner of Japanese language who speaks Korean natively sufficiently identifies factors of such ommission of correspondence, then his or her learning and comprehension of ｢-te shimau｣ will improve significantly. The current study expands previous research that focuses on the contrast between ｢-te shimau｣ and ‘-beorida/-malda’, and shifts the focus to the corresponding omission ‘-eossda/-nda’ to suggest their factors. The results are significant in that they are generated by a new attempt regarding corresponding ommission of ｢-te shimau｣.

In the future, it is required to educate the language type which is highly usable in terms of the needs of the learner and communication-oriented education. However, since the Japanese class time is limited in Korean high school curriculum, it is effective to teach it in the grammatical concept for effective Japanese language education to be. In this paper, I examined and analyzed what kinds of communication functions are presented, focusing on the scenes and situations of conversation scripts in the textbook “Japanese I” of the 2015 revised curriculum. In order to know the communication function items frequently used in each scenes and situation, I classified them into 26, and then arranged the communication function items presented in two or more textbooks containing them. The most frequently used one in the communication function was “⑬Plan (today, tomorrow, and weekend)” for 16 times, followed by “⑥Eating in the restaurant” for 12 times, and “㉓Japanese culture(Annual events)” for 9 times. In this study, we can understand that there are specific communication function items frequently used in scenes and situations of conversation sentences, and the communication function items frequently used vary depending on each scene and situation. Therefore, it can be said that it is effective for students to improve the communication ability by focusing on the communication function items frequently used in conversation sentences in each scene and situation. Next, I list up to 5 of the 26 most frequently used communication function items in each of the eight textbooks in order. In this way, knowing the frequently used communication function items for each scene and situation will be effective not only in the needs of learners and communication-oriented education but also in the textbook compilation in the future.

As for historical records left in the process of exchange and conflict with Japan in the process of modernization, the prior study was analyzed in two areas: civilization and modernization of Joseon based on Japanese-made Chinese characters, and human, knowledge and cultural exchanges. In the case of extracting Japanese kanji, it is necessary to distinguish them based on the related specialized dictionaries and to analyze historical data. so it is required to analyze the background of the Japanese new language related to the history of science and civilization. Based on these perspectives, potential topics for future analysis are the following. Reevaluate the formation and conflicts of literary network in relation to the influx of New Chinese Characters in Japan and knowledge sharing based on overall analyses of missionary reports and travel logs. 1) Reevaluate the thoughts of authors on knowledge sharing through missionaries and literary network with people in Japan from Kisoo Kim’s 『日東記遊』, Hunyoung Lee’s 『日槎集略』, Younghyo Park’s 『使和記略』, and Daeyang Park’s 『東槎漫錄』. 2) In terms of missionary reports, the analysis of the Joseon Dynasty and Japan's position and intention based on Japanese diplomatic documents 3) Analyze characteristics of New Chinese Characters in Japan as appeared in knowledge sharing based on books written by students studying in Japan and newspapers after the opening of trade. 4) Cross-referencing and analysis of words by indirect exchange, such as the books and newspapers, and the results of direct exchange will be somewhat different, meaning that the authors will study abroad and stay for a long period of time. 5) As for 1) and 2) above, analyze characteristics of New Chinese Characters in Japan as appeared in the excerpts from books and newspapers written by missionaries to Japan and students studying in Japan to identify their origin as to whether they are based on Western languages from Chinese classics translated by Japanese or independently created by Japanese.

Shohei Imamura's “Ballad Of Narayama” is a work created by combining two short novels, “Ballad Of Narayama” of Fukasawa Shichihayi and “The Man of the Tohoku”. It is an extremely closed mountain village in the Tohoku region of Japan The downward custom, Ubasute, is the center of the narrative. In the film, Ubasute is a custom to take an old man who is called “Narayama Maily” to the mountain. Some people in this village refuse to abandon this custom, but most of them are willing to accept it. When winter comes, they are carried to the child's house and headed for Narayama. Orin is the elderly man ahead of Narayama Maily, but carefully prepared to go to the mountains, and in the winter, he is carried to his son Narayama by the son of Datsuhei. Films and original novels gaze at the reality of postwar Japan in a cool way through conventional narratives or the overturned composition of legendary narratives that are willing to accept such customs. The narrative depicting the background of time and space in the close range of the end of the Shogunate is about insisting on the nature of life or the conflict with nature in the course of the process that the Japanese had to suffer for about 100 years. It can be said to be various experiences such as war, ruins after revival and revival. And the film goes back one step further and stare back at Japan in the reality of the 1980s when prosperity and prosperity came again. And it is demanding reflection on the real life while looking at the relationship between human being as a part of nature and creatures symbiotic in nature as part of the same nature.

The study suggests that social enterprises of Korea develop a sustainable management through the creation of an ecosystem that can grow in itself without direct financial support from the government along with the quantitative and qualitative expansions, by comparing the current status of social enterprises as well as the support system and the ways in Korea and Japan. When compared with Japan, the support system for social enterprises in Korea is institutionally well established and the networks of the intermediary organizations and related groups are also well organized, however, all the systems are government-led. Therefore, besides the subsidies from the corporations and the government, a sustainable management can be involved with unstability when government subsidies are stopped due to the weak infrastructures of regional or private investment. Japan does not have strong policy support at the central government level, while there are a variety of related organizational networks based on the local communities and the intermediary organizations. Thanks to their organic and tight corporations, NPOs for social enterprises are increasing the sustainability by solving various social problems in the region. therefore, Korea needs to shift its policy paradigm from the government-led promotions to the private and local–led ecosystem establishment of social enterprises. In case of Korea, there is an increasing number of corporations in the pursuit of social values in the various areas, however, they are facing strict regulations to be considered as social enterprises. on the other hand, Japan is expanding NPO by simplifying its qualifications and certifications for NPO to acquire through related laws. Although the support system based on the certification system of Korea contributed to upbringing social enterprises in the short time, it needs to promote their entry into various fields by relaxing the certification requirements. Finally, Japan has focused on indirect support for the social enterprises, it has provided diverse ways of support that affect their existences and effective operations at the same time. In the meanwhile, Korea has concentrated more on direct support, especially the labor costs. This may result in closure or cancellation of certification when the direct financial support is discontinued. Thus, it is necessary to deliver a variety of support policies for social enterprises to be more independent rather than direct financial support for the future.

This paper examines the process of changing the role of condoms, which has been the most important contraceptive method in Japan for decades. This will demonstrate that the dominance of condoms among Japan's contraception practices is not a naturally formed social phenomenon, but an artificial one that reflects the nation's population view. Japan has a rare pattern of contraception in the world. For nearly 70 years condoms have a commanding lead in contraceptive measures. The reason why condoms were spread to contraceptives was family planning that was introduced in the 1950s. Japan has recognized its population as human resources since World War I. To increase the birth rate, government strictly prevented contraception knowledge and means from being distributed to the public. It was a natural result that the private sector had no knowledge of contraception except for some classes during the 1945 defeat. With the loss of colonies and the influx of returnees, the pressure of the population has increased sharply, and the baby boom that has led to the family planning is made up of the state. When access to contraception was withheld and information and means were provided by the state, individuals who were demanding reproductive control had no choice but to rely on them and eventually create a phenomenon in which certain contraceptives prevailed. The spread of contraceptive means such as condoms and pessaries, was the result of a interacts between need for family planning projects and national concerns about population decline. This paper analyzes the historical development of this process around the state's (Japan's) intervention in condoms (stance and policy) and draw out the implications of Japan's unusual ‘condom dominance trend’.

There have been many theories about the Afrasiab Paintings since modern times. In general, the painting is regarded as a reflection of a Samarkand painter’s worldview which is based on his imagination, and the contents of the painting is not necessarily true. Also, it is difficult to provide accurate information about the painting because it have been damaged so much, and it is difficult to present a theory nearly everyone agrees because there are so few historical records left by the Sodgians. However, in this paper, the interpretation of the painting will be suggested. First, what principles had been applied to construct the painting? The painting accepted and reflected the Four Emperor worldview. Second, different scholars present many theories about what the west-side of the painting described. Although the painting have seriously damaged, the contents of this west-side of the painting are a picture of Western Turk(西突厥) Illig Beg Shekuei Qaghan(乙毗射匱可汗) and Fuhuman(拂呼縵)-King of Samarkand being paid tribute together. Of course, the painting necessarily correspond to historical facts, but we can see from the painting that the Samarkand people were quite confident. Thirdly, there is a theory about the period and purpose of the Goguryeo(高句麗/高麗) ambassadors in the painting, but the envoy in the painting were sent to Samarkand and Xue-Yantuo(薛延陀) from Yeon Gaesomun(淵蓋蘇文) when Emperor Tai-zong(唐太宗) of Tang dynasty attacked Goguryeo. Based on the several contexts, in my opinion, that the giant man on the horse in the north-side painting is not the Emperor Gaozong(唐高宗), but the Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong promoted his warrior charisma by making songs like Qinwangpozenyue(秦王破陣樂), which was accepted by Indians at the time. Therefore, based on all these information, re-identifying the age of painting is necessary.