Earticle

Natsume Soseki has been considered as one of the representative writer of Japanese modern literature. When Natsume Soseki wrote the “Kokoro” is the time of introducing the individualistic ideology along with the modernization of Japan. It was uneasy time with old and new social values, due to the confrontation between the generations. The deaths of the Emperor Meiji and the General Nogi mean the symbol of “the end of the Meiji era” to the people who lived in the era of Meiji. Being abandoned alone from his family and a trusty friend made K feel the “despair” and “anxiety” deeply. And they are the main reasons to commit suicide to K eventually. K’s suicide compelling that teacher feel constrained to commit a suicide too. Because the teacher felt the sense of ethics and guilt. Finally the teacher identified me as K feeling my sincerity and also choose me as “Kaishakunin” who is a witness of the teacher’s honorable death. But every suicide cannot avoid criticism of egoism of extreme selfishness.

In recent years, it has been easy to see foreign students at Korean universities. In particular, it is emerging as a top priority for some students to study abroad because it is geographically close to China for Chinese students in Korea and the cost of studying abroad is relatively lower than that of English-speaking countries. Against this background, there is a need for research on academic stress and career decision-making of international students. This study was attempted to understand the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between academic stress and career decision-making of international students. As a result of the study, the following results were derived. First, study stress (=0.192, P=.022), test stress (=0.388, P=.000), class stress (=0.318, P=.All 000) were found to have a positive (+) effect on career decision-making. Second, looking at the verification results of hypotheses 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, the significance probabilities of three stages of the regression model are all p<.Although it was found to be 05, it can be seen that academic stress has a moderating effect of family support in the relationship of career decision-making. Third, looking at the verification results of hypotheses 2-5 and 2-6, the significance probabilities of step 3 of the regression model are all p<.Although it was found to be 0.5, it can be seen that test stress and class stress have a moderating effect of family support in the relationship of career decision-making. At the same time, it can be confirmed that friend support has no moderating effect in the relationship between study stress and career decision-making. The moderating effect of friend support was significantly weaker than that of family support, and it was confirmed that there was no moderating effect in learning stress and career decision-making.

This study is focused on Jeju Island's shamanistic myth, <Woncheongang Bonpuri> of (Bong-Chun.Park), as a heroic myth that is gaining public sympathy without the emergence and conflict of opponents. The main character, “Oneuri”'s journey has a similar structure that of a hero, so we applied both of Joseph Campbell, Christopher Vogler’s ‘Hero’s Journey’ to analyze <Woncheongang Bonpuri>. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is that it is necessary to analyze the story at the same time with Campbell’s and Vogler’s models when analyze myth from various angles. The Campbell’s model is able to identify the meaning of the trial, described by the narrative structure and components of the myth. The Vogler’s model can identify the components of narratives needed to make content. As a result of the analysis, analysis through Campbell’s model was able to derive elements, gain of acquisition of divinity in the ‘Apotheosis’ stage. Analysis through the Vogler’s model was able to derive elements of the collaborator in the ‘TESTS, ALLIES, ENEMIES’ stage. Story of the Oneuri to realize her parent’s love, was connected to acquisition of divinity. And story of supporting characters who taught way to Woncheongang, was derived ally. Especialy, it could be seen sympothetic components that the acquisition of divinity as an narrative’s catharsis, the ally as mutual help. As the analysis, this study has the following significance. first, analysis results turn up that the two models were different as a result. Second, from analysis results in Campbell's model, identity was derived from acquisition of divinity, and in Vogler's model, mutual help was derived from ally. At this time, identity was judged a empathetic component that could induce empathy for people, mutual help was judged a educational component that emphasized altruism. These contents disprove that components embedded in the same myth can be extracted differently depending on the analysis frame. Finally, this study is meaningful in that the analysis results emphasize the necessity of narrative analysis needed before the discussion of reinterpretation and make contents of myth.

Japan has been regarded as an essential market for overseas expansion of K-pop. Also, in fact, K-pop idol groups are gaining great popularity, mainly among the younger generations in Japan. As the younger generations(especially girls, middle and high school students), who are the main consumers of the idol industry among Japanese, have become more interested in Korean K-pop idols, which are different from existing Japanese idols. For example like BTS, Blackpink, Twice became famous among Japanese younger generations. As such, K-pop has become a large part of the Korean Wave culture industry targeting Japan. Meanwhile, the popularity of K-pop in Japan has led to a major change in Japanese pop culture, especially Japanese idol culture. First, the popularity of the Japanese members among K-pop idol groups has led Japanese younger generations to become interested in Korean idol. Second, many young Japanese generations have challenged the audition program to become a K-pop idol. Third, Japanese entertainment companies have also actively accept the K-pop success factor and K-pop style performance to their J-pop idol groups. To study these phenomena, this paper attempts to analyze how the popularity of K-pop influenced Japanese idol business based on cultural communication. Therefore, this study is developed as follows. First of all, after looking at cultural communication, which is the theoretical basis of the research. Second, how did the K-pop group, which possess Japanese member in there group, influenced Japanese idol culture. Third, how did Japanese younger generations challenged K-pop. And the last, figure out what have been changed in J-pop idol companies.

This study is intended to analyze the characters and events described in the novel “Convenience Store Woman”(“CSW”) written by Sayaka Murata, for the better understanding of the Satori generation in Japanese society. CSW depicts the personal and also common problems that youth of the Satori generation faces in the modern society. A community or society is a network that can be established only when individuals are connected to each other. This novel connects such individuals with literary imagination and binds them into a single community. The author will trace the worries about a “manual for life”, centering on the main character Furukura. By analyzing the perceptions and differences of the people around her through events related to their occupations and marriages, and examining the meaning of the protagonist’s choice in the latter part of the novel, it is expected to reconsider the ethical judgment and values for an “Normal” life. The “manual for life” consists of what we conventionally believe “normal people” should have in their lives - for example, job, spouse and family. The characters in this novel aspire to a “normal” life defined in the “manual for life” - a life where they have “a regular job, a spouse, and a baby”, while Furukura wants to live a “normal” life because what she really desires is keeping a relationship with her family and friends, not the life everyone else are longing for. At the end of the novel, her choices change as she decides to live for her own happiness. Furukura, the protagonist of CSW, gives up a job interview for a steady job and concludes that her purpose in life is to be a “Convenience Store Woman”, a part-time worker at a convenience store. Her choices have been oriented toward maintaining an identity acceptable to family or friends around her, but at the end of novel, she now thinks her happiness as a top priority in her life. Furukura’s decision to be a “Convenience Store Woman” is a rejection of conventional wisdom in Japanese society, and also a question about what a “normal” or “ordinary” life is. Hence, understanding the Satori generation will give an opportunity to think about how the conditions to lead our lives are changing with insight of the multi-layered society

At the end of the 19th century, about 20 missionaries from the United States, Canada and Australia, conducted missionary work in Seoul. In 1889, Joseph Henry Davies, Korea's first Australian missionary, had a grand dream of Korean missionary work, but died in less than six months after arrival. Joseph Henry Davies' martyrdom in Korea resonated with Australian Victorians about Korean missionary work. In August 1890, the Presbyterian Church of Australia was established. Under the motto of “Mission work of women for women”, the association decided to send the single female missionaries. This is one of the hallmarks of the Australian Missionary Department. The first selected female mission teachers were Belle Menzies·M, Fawcett and J. Perry. They landed in Busan on October 12, 1891, with Reverend Mackay and his wife. The first charity for Australian missionaries is Myoora Orphanage, and they established Busan Jin Ilshin Wowen's School, the first modern women's education institution in Busan, as the number of orphans increased. At that time, Korea was a patriarchal society, and women who were alienated from education took it for granted. However, founder Menzies argued that wives and mothers must be educated in order for developing the nation, and opened a women's education hall to inspire national consciousness and salvation consciousness by enlightening Korean women. Margaret Davis, who became the principal of Ilshin Girls' School in 1914 and watched the end of the school in 1940, was the nephew of Henry Davis, the first Australian missionary in Korea. Margaret's Korean name “Daemagarye” means that she will replace her uncle Henry Davis' spirit of martyrdom in Korea. When Margaret returned to Australia in 1916 to promote the establishment of Ilshin Girls' Middle School in Busan, she visited the Australian Women's Mission Association and appealed enthusiastically to establish Busan Girls' Middle School. The result was the anti-Japanese demonstrations in the 3.11 demonstration of students at Ilshin Girls' School and Dongrae Ilshin Wowen's School. Students who received new education from Australian missionaries were able to express their beliefs and arguments strongly, and their action was completely different from the female image of Korean traditional society. Australian missionaries, who devoted their entire lives to enlightening Korean women's consciousness, were deported to Australia following the decision to close the school following Japan's refusal to force Shrine Greetings. And the first modern women's education institution in Busan disappeared into history.

Number of early children who spend time in childcare center today has been increasing. Most young children don't have difficult time adjusting themselves to childcare center. But some young children have hard time in separating from their mothers and experience separation anxiety. Many factors have influenced separation anxiety. Attachment to mother has been identified as one of the most influential factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preschooler's separation anxiety, attachment security, and mother's positive parenting attitude. And it was to verify the mediating effect of the mother's positive parenting attitude in the relationship between the preschooler's separation anxiety and attachment stability. Using a questionnaire survey, data were collected from 323 mothers of 3 to 5 year old children attending a daycare center and kindergarten of the Busan metropolitan city. The collected data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation), Pearson correlation, and Mediation analysis. The results were as follows: First, preschooler's separation anxiety has a negative relationship in positive parenting attitude and attachment stability, and positive parenting attitude has a positive relationship in attachment stability. Second, there was a mediating effect of positive parenting attitude in the relationship between preschooler's separation anxiety and attachment stability. In other words, the preschooler's separation anxiety affected attachment stability by mediating positive parenting attitude. These results showed the importance of positive parenting by parents, suggesting that attachment stability is needed to prevent preschooler's separation anxiety, which is possible by mediating positive parenting attitudes of parents.

This paper examines the direction of the movement that Chinese youths have chosen at the time, and what it means in 1990, amid the ongoing tensions between “movement” and “settlement” due to the global COVID19 pandemic. The author compared the movie narratives of the 1980s and 2010s. This thesis aims to interpret the historical nature of their affection plot while grasping the time and space of modern China in two films, 『Tian mi mi』, and 『Us and Them』, and their inner ideology, and also examined the substance of the boundary surrounding the young Chinese people who were differently named as “New immigrants” and “Beipiao” (people who wander around Beijing) with 20-years gap is, and the production of modern urban spaces and the relationship between epistemological changes occurring inside them. The previous film, 『Tian mi mi』, was released in the 1990s when the influence of world-historical ideological structures with the collapse of the post-war Cold War system existed. The youth of China moved from the socialist continent to Hong Kong, the capitalist island within socialism, then to the United States, the home of capitalism through the love story of migrating to the continent, the reorganization of the capitalist world order, and the relocation of China's lower class are reproduced. In this era, the new immigrants' movement direction firmly maintained the ideologically expanding toward the outside and globalization. On the other hand, the movie 『Us and Them』 accurately expresses what traces the restrictions before settlement caused by the family registration problem in Chinese society leave behind the young subjects flowing over urban spaces. Those who still do not have the right to settle have not escaped the formal social discrimination structure but are constantly pushing themselves toward new forms of life or breakthroughs, and they are making small achievements. Previously, peasants or Beipiao's concept was perceived as simply discriminatory language or low-level citizens in the city. Also, this thesis attempted to analyze how the two symbolic urban spaces, Hong Kong and Beijing, were perceived and recognized by contemporary Chinese youth through two films and whether they were re-signified or appropriated. Hong Kong was recognized as an intermediary space that transitioned to the space of capital in terms of the world system's spatial distribution at that time. At the same time, Beijing is now a cultural symbol and the meaning of the dominant space in Chinese society, which has already experienced the process of capital maturity to some extent. The meaning of power was added, and it was accepted as an exclusive space by powerful outsiders. This paper analyzes where the breakthroughs are heading for, paying attention to the changes in Chinese youths' meaning and perceptions of urban spaces. It is expected that this expansion of awareness will be an important guideline for the future policy direction of the Chinese government's city and generations.

The purpose of this study is to examine ‘capitalist violence,’ which is revived in a movie, through figuring out the life in people of lower classes, and the process that they are adapted to and resist the world in Jia Zhangke's movie titled ≪A Touch of Sin≫. And through this exploratory process, the aim is to inquire into with which trajectory the director Jia Zhangke has implemented continuity and expandability reaching up ≪A touch of sin≫ in a theme dubbed a relationship between capitalism and human life, which had been expressed in his movies such as the existing ≪Xiao Wu≫ and ≪Still Life≫. Considering in conclusion, this study can be said to be a research on how it has been evolved the capitalist violence, which is reproduced in Jia Zhangke's movie ≪A Touch of Sin≫, and Jia Zhangke's view of capitalism, which had been revived in Jia Zhangke's series of the works. Firstly, this paper asks “where does the violence come from?” This paper is explored on the premise that the source of violence rises from the framework of capitalism and human life in the capitalist society. This paper is studied that the shock of the violence is powerful to the lower class because the violence is invisible and symbolic. This paper shows the naked face of modern China by looking at how the capitalism exercised the violence on the people. Secondly, the question is “what kind of device reproduced the violence?” This thesis analyzed the films of Jia Zhangke based on various cinematic devices and cinematic styles occurred in the movies. With the theme of 'violence and evolution of capitalism', this paper tried to present the relationship between the people in modern China and capitalism in Jia Zhangke film in tridimensional way. Regarding the process to illuminate the viewpoints about the capitalism in modern China while looking at the contact points with <Still Life>, this paper tried to study how ‘the evolution of capitalism’ occurred in Jia Zhangke’s films have been changed, which is the perception of Jia Zhangke about the capitalism.

As the mania of popular culture in Japan, Otaku were making in the mass media. The isolated character of Otaku is of relevance to the nature of mass media. In comparison, Pain, the mania of popular culture in Korea were making in the information media. The Sociality of Pain is of relevance to the nature of information media. The similar feature appear in gaming culture. In the japanese game industry, video game is the main stream. Otherwise online game has the biggest share in the korean game market. People can play video game alone, but online game need others to play. Therefore, there is the correlation of media environment with mania. And the correlation between the platform of electronic game and mania is too.