Earticle

Natsume Soseki has been considered as one of the representative writer of Japanese modern literature. When Natsume Soseki wrote the “Kokoro” is the time of introducing the individualistic ideology along with the modernization of Japan. It was uneasy time with old and new social values, due to the confrontation between the generations. The deaths of the Emperor Meiji and the General Nogi mean the symbol of “the end of the Meiji era” to the people who lived in the era of Meiji. Being abandoned alone from his family and a trusty friend made K feel the “despair” and “anxiety” deeply. And they are the main reasons to commit suicide to K eventually. K’s suicide compelling that teacher feel constrained to commit a suicide too. Because the teacher felt the sense of ethics and guilt. Finally the teacher identified me as K feeling my sincerity and also choose me as “Kaishakunin” who is a witness of the teacher’s honorable death. But every suicide cannot avoid criticism of egoism of extreme selfishness.

In recent years, it has been easy to see foreign students at Korean universities. In particular, it is emerging as a top priority for some students to study abroad because it is geographically close to China for Chinese students in Korea and the cost of studying abroad is relatively lower than that of English-speaking countries. Against this background, there is a need for research on academic stress and career decision-making of international students. This study was attempted to understand the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between academic stress and career decision-making of international students. As a result of the study, the following results were derived. First, study stress (=0.192, P=.022), test stress (=0.388, P=.000), class stress (=0.318, P=.All 000) were found to have a positive (+) effect on career decision-making. Second, looking at the verification results of hypotheses 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, the significance probabilities of three stages of the regression model are all p<.Although it was found to be 05, it can be seen that academic stress has a moderating effect of family support in the relationship of career decision-making. Third, looking at the verification results of hypotheses 2-5 and 2-6, the significance probabilities of step 3 of the regression model are all p<.Although it was found to be 0.5, it can be seen that test stress and class stress have a moderating effect of family support in the relationship of career decision-making. At the same time, it can be confirmed that friend support has no moderating effect in the relationship between study stress and career decision-making. The moderating effect of friend support was significantly weaker than that of family support, and it was confirmed that there was no moderating effect in learning stress and career decision-making.

At the end of the 19th century, about 20 missionaries from the United States, Canada and Australia, conducted missionary work in Seoul. In 1889, Joseph Henry Davies, Korea's first Australian missionary, had a grand dream of Korean missionary work, but died in less than six months after arrival. Joseph Henry Davies' martyrdom in Korea resonated with Australian Victorians about Korean missionary work. In August 1890, the Presbyterian Church of Australia was established. Under the motto of “Mission work of women for women”, the association decided to send the single female missionaries. This is one of the hallmarks of the Australian Missionary Department. The first selected female mission teachers were Belle Menzies·M, Fawcett and J. Perry. They landed in Busan on October 12, 1891, with Reverend Mackay and his wife. The first charity for Australian missionaries is Myoora Orphanage, and they established Busan Jin Ilshin Wowen's School, the first modern women's education institution in Busan, as the number of orphans increased. At that time, Korea was a patriarchal society, and women who were alienated from education took it for granted. However, founder Menzies argued that wives and mothers must be educated in order for developing the nation, and opened a women's education hall to inspire national consciousness and salvation consciousness by enlightening Korean women. Margaret Davis, who became the principal of Ilshin Girls' School in 1914 and watched the end of the school in 1940, was the nephew of Henry Davis, the first Australian missionary in Korea. Margaret's Korean name “Daemagarye” means that she will replace her uncle Henry Davis' spirit of martyrdom in Korea. When Margaret returned to Australia in 1916 to promote the establishment of Ilshin Girls' Middle School in Busan, she visited the Australian Women's Mission Association and appealed enthusiastically to establish Busan Girls' Middle School. The result was the anti-Japanese demonstrations in the 3.11 demonstration of students at Ilshin Girls' School and Dongrae Ilshin Wowen's School. Students who received new education from Australian missionaries were able to express their beliefs and arguments strongly, and their action was completely different from the female image of Korean traditional society. Australian missionaries, who devoted their entire lives to enlightening Korean women's consciousness, were deported to Australia following the decision to close the school following Japan's refusal to force Shrine Greetings. And the first modern women's education institution in Busan disappeared into history.

Japan has been regarded as an essential market for overseas expansion of K-pop. Also, in fact, K-pop idol groups are gaining great popularity, mainly among the younger generations in Japan. As the younger generations(especially girls, middle and high school students), who are the main consumers of the idol industry among Japanese, have become more interested in Korean K-pop idols, which are different from existing Japanese idols. For example like BTS, Blackpink, Twice became famous among Japanese younger generations. As such, K-pop has become a large part of the Korean Wave culture industry targeting Japan. Meanwhile, the popularity of K-pop in Japan has led to a major change in Japanese pop culture, especially Japanese idol culture. First, the popularity of the Japanese members among K-pop idol groups has led Japanese younger generations to become interested in Korean idol. Second, many young Japanese generations have challenged the audition program to become a K-pop idol. Third, Japanese entertainment companies have also actively accept the K-pop success factor and K-pop style performance to their J-pop idol groups. To study these phenomena, this paper attempts to analyze how the popularity of K-pop influenced Japanese idol business based on cultural communication. Therefore, this study is developed as follows. First of all, after looking at cultural communication, which is the theoretical basis of the research. Second, how did the K-pop group, which possess Japanese member in there group, influenced Japanese idol culture. Third, how did Japanese younger generations challenged K-pop. And the last, figure out what have been changed in J-pop idol companies.

This study is focused on Jeju Island's shamanistic myth, <Woncheongang Bonpuri> of (Bong-Chun.Park), as a heroic myth that is gaining public sympathy without the emergence and conflict of opponents. The main character, “Oneuri”'s journey has a similar structure that of a hero, so we applied both of Joseph Campbell, Christopher Vogler’s ‘Hero’s Journey’ to analyze <Woncheongang Bonpuri>. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is that it is necessary to analyze the story at the same time with Campbell’s and Vogler’s models when analyze myth from various angles. The Campbell’s model is able to identify the meaning of the trial, described by the narrative structure and components of the myth. The Vogler’s model can identify the components of narratives needed to make content. As a result of the analysis, analysis through Campbell’s model was able to derive elements, gain of acquisition of divinity in the ‘Apotheosis’ stage. Analysis through the Vogler’s model was able to derive elements of the collaborator in the ‘TESTS, ALLIES, ENEMIES’ stage. Story of the Oneuri to realize her parent’s love, was connected to acquisition of divinity. And story of supporting characters who taught way to Woncheongang, was derived ally. Especialy, it could be seen sympothetic components that the acquisition of divinity as an narrative’s catharsis, the ally as mutual help. As the analysis, this study has the following significance. first, analysis results turn up that the two models were different as a result. Second, from analysis results in Campbell's model, identity was derived from acquisition of divinity, and in Vogler's model, mutual help was derived from ally. At this time, identity was judged a empathetic component that could induce empathy for people, mutual help was judged a educational component that emphasized altruism. These contents disprove that components embedded in the same myth can be extracted differently depending on the analysis frame. Finally, this study is meaningful in that the analysis results emphasize the necessity of narrative analysis needed before the discussion of reinterpretation and make contents of myth.

Number of early children who spend time in childcare center today has been increasing. Most young children don't have difficult time adjusting themselves to childcare center. But some young children have hard time in separating from their mothers and experience separation anxiety. Many factors have influenced separation anxiety. Attachment to mother has been identified as one of the most influential factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preschooler's separation anxiety, attachment security, and mother's positive parenting attitude. And it was to verify the mediating effect of the mother's positive parenting attitude in the relationship between the preschooler's separation anxiety and attachment stability. Using a questionnaire survey, data were collected from 323 mothers of 3 to 5 year old children attending a daycare center and kindergarten of the Busan metropolitan city. The collected data were statistically analyzed by descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation), Pearson correlation, and Mediation analysis. The results were as follows: First, preschooler's separation anxiety has a negative relationship in positive parenting attitude and attachment stability, and positive parenting attitude has a positive relationship in attachment stability. Second, there was a mediating effect of positive parenting attitude in the relationship between preschooler's separation anxiety and attachment stability. In other words, the preschooler's separation anxiety affected attachment stability by mediating positive parenting attitude. These results showed the importance of positive parenting by parents, suggesting that attachment stability is needed to prevent preschooler's separation anxiety, which is possible by mediating positive parenting attitudes of parents.

This study is focused on Jajangmyeon and Dongas in that the research on the acceptance process of foreign food can be an attempt to analyze and comprehend Korean and Japanese culture. Jajangmyeon and Dongas, the staple dishes in Korea and Japan, are studied with historical and cultural respect in order to find out what cultural meanings they have produced in two countries. Jajangmyeon from China can be a Korean national cuisine on the ground that Korean have enjoyed noodles as feast food and fermented soybean paste. In 1960-1970's, the government once encouraged people to eat more flour based food and that also increased the consumption of Jajangmyeon. Dongas, a kind of pork cutlet, is the product of civilization that Japan government, having forbidden eating meat for 1200 years, promoted deliberately so as to receive western civilization. It resulted from the consistent effort of Japan government, the emperor of Japan, and the educated for developing Japan-tasted meat diet and clearing the resistance of eating meat. ‘Blending;, shown in the acceptance process of Jajangmyeon, is the key word to represent Korean dietary life and culture. Koreans have efficiently blended their traditional elements with alien culture. Jajangmyeon is valuable in that it can show the variety and convergence of Korean culture. ‘Transformation’ of foreign culture is the acceptance process of Dongas. Japanese have persistently transformed a western culture into Japanese type instead of mixing them. Dongas is the evidence that Japanese have received the western culture while they haven't forgotten their tradition. In conclusion, Jajangmyeon and Dongas can be considered as the representative dish to stand for Korean ‘blending’ and Japanese ‘transformation’ even though they came from different countries.

A Postcolonial Interpretation on Hsiao-Hsien Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women Ko, Hyun-Chul This paper aims to develop a postcolonial interpretation on Hsiao-Hsien Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women in terms of the concepts of postcolonialism including ‘dominat period’, ‘hegemonic period’, ‘decolonization’, ‘cultural hybridity’ and ‘ambivalence’. The results of the investigation are summarized as the following. First, the paper investigates that Hsiao-Hsien Hou’s Film The Puppetmaster is represented ‘dominat period’ of postcolonialism, Film A City of Sadness is represented ‘hegemonic period’ of postcolonialism, And, Film Good men Good Women is represented ‘dominat period’ and ‘hegemonic period’ of postcolonialism. Second, the paper also argues that Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women are the cinema of objective observation that is based on the alienation effect. Third, it investigates that Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women all apply ‘cultural hybridity’ and ‘ambivalence’, that is, the concepts of postcolonialism. Finally, it is claimd that Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women have the limit that are softly resist against the Japanese imperialism not only ‘hegemonic period’ of postcolonialism but also ‘dominat period’ of postcolonialism.

As the mania of popular culture in Japan, Otaku were making in the mass media. The isolated character of Otaku is of relevance to the nature of mass media. In comparison, Pain, the mania of popular culture in Korea were making in the information media. The Sociality of Pain is of relevance to the nature of information media. The similar feature appear in gaming culture. In the japanese game industry, video game is the main stream. Otherwise online game has the biggest share in the korean game market. People can play video game alone, but online game need others to play. Therefore, there is the correlation of media environment with mania. And the correlation between the platform of electronic game and mania is too.

by a study on ‘Wang Seong Guk(王城國)’ and ‘old Castle of Tong-Rae(東萊 古邑城)’ in King Seong-Deok’s(聖德王) Era of Silla, we can conclude that King Seong-Deok responded the japanese diplomatic challenges. in those days, the japanese government claimed that japan was the emperor state. also the japanese government claimed that silla king should be subject to japanese emperor. in order to respond to such a japanese claim, King Seong-Deok claimed that Silla was a ‘Wang Seong Guk’. ‘Wang Seong Guk’ meaned that King of Silla was the son of heaven. this claim of King Seong-Deok(聖德王) implied that Silla was a true emperor state but japan was a false emperor state. so japanese government banished silla delegation. in tis point, Wang Seong Guk of King Seong-Deok and emperor state of japanese government implied thet silla and japan started national and systemic competition. in order to accord to Wang Seong Guk system, King Seong-Deok constructed kwanmun- sung also old Castle of Tong-Rae in 722. old Castle of Tong-Rae was constructed as stone and earth castle. stone castle. was constructed for military defence. but earth castle was constructed for defence was constructed for diplomatic ceremony. old Castle of Tong-Rae in 722 was not the first old Castle of Tong-Rae. old Castle of Tong-Rae in 722 have reorganized the old Castle of Tong-Rae in 683. also the old Castle of Tong-Rae in 683 might be constructed about 562. but if the bae-san-sung(盃山城.) was constructed as ruling Castle about 562,, the old Castle of Tong-Rae might be constructed first in 683. so, we should conclude on the fact that the bae-san-sung was constructed as ruling Castle about 562 or not. in order to conclude that, we should study on historical materials and archeological materials also.