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The thesis is about the review of theory of ocean literature of Korea and China to search for its future direction. For the result, the common issues to be discussed in ocean literature in two nations was found that ocean experience was the foundation of ocean literature. There was a bit of difference of range of ocean literature according to the definition of ocean experience. However, the common ground for ocean literature were around experience, material, life. The future direction of ocean literature should consider not only the ocean experience but more about the original image of ocean as the spiritualized literature. It is because the earth which suffers for the development of human nature started to reveal its limit not to bear the suffering any more. If the way to solve the ecological crisis facing the earth could not be found, it would be impossible to see the future of human being. Where can it be found to solve the problem by the roots? Would it be possible if land-centered paradigm of present to be changed with ocean-centered? Could not it be available to find the way in ocean which has the beauty of life, coexistence, exchange, and openness? This would be the part of ocean literature, and the foundation for the healing of ecological crisis using ocean literature. Therefore, the writer to give a shape to prototypical image of ocean in the ocean literature should raised and ocean culture contents to be developed and spread. This can be the future direction for ocean literature of Korean and China, both of which is developing based on the ocean. That is, it is one of the realistic tasks of ocean literature which should be considered and realized as the identity of literature of northeast asia region.

Some perspectives of Chinese intellectuals on colonial Joseon are occasionally found in several travel records written in the early 20th century, whereas those of Taiwanese intellectuals on it are scarcely found. This paper intends to analyze the perspective of a Taiwanese intellectual Wei Qing-de on early 20C Joseon. Since Wei Qing-de is little known to Koreans, this paper intends to briefly look at his life in the first place, and then to review his travel routes in Joseon, the purpose of his travels, and Travels in Manchuria and Joseon and Collection of Poetry about Manchuria and Joseon, which are his writings descriptive of Joseon. Further, this paper intends to express Joseon’s scenery through his eye and his perspective on Joseon. Wei Qing-de travelled in Joseon as a newspaper reporter and wrote a significant amount of literary works about the situation in Joseon he saw and heard. While Wei Qing-de’s interest in Joseon ranged over so many subjects as to make even miscellaneous impressions, he refrained from expressing his personal feelings of Joseon and made a relatively large amount of descriptions of Joseon’s general situation. This paper, centered on Wei Qing-de’s literary works about Joseon, divides the perspective of a Taiwanese intellectual Wei Qing-de on early 20C Joseon largely into 4 categories such as the fall of the Joseon, the history of the Joseon, the geography and status of Joseon, and the scenery and people of Joseon. Wei Qing-de is a Taiwanese person who travelled around Joseon, Japan, Mainland China and Manchuria, and has left a significant amount of travel records that he wrote as a newspaper reporter. Such travel writings of Wei Qing-de will show the perspective on Northeast Asia that he had as a Taiwanese intellectual in the early 20th century.

China has a long history of maritime affairs and never stopped researching the oceans. After reforming and opening up, China has witnessed a great change in economy, science, medicine, military etc. The commencement of “the 600 anniversary of Zheng He's voyages” in 2005 and the release of “The Rise of the Great Powers” in 2006 had aroused a widespread concern in the country, which has shown the review of history is extremely popular and beneficial. This paper aims to discover the secrets from the process of the Zheng He's voyages described in a book named “SanBao’s Expedition to the Western Ocean”, and explain its significance for the present economy, sea power, and marine consciousness development, meanwhile, to comprehensively show the remolding image of Zheng He and other characters in the historical background. “SanBao’s Expedition to the Western Ocean”, one hundred chapters to a total of two volumes, was published in the Ming Dynasty (1598). After many years’ compiling, the book described a story about Zheng He, who did not fear the danger to go to the Western. With the help of the Jinbi peak Zen master and Zhang Taoist master, Zheng He slayed demons, offered amnesty to minorities and hunted treasures. In the real history, the expedition to the western ocean was completed by Zheng He and Wang Jinghong. Novels are different from the history, the main reason is problem in the era of the author. It is the late Ming Dynasty, when everything was declining, foreign aggression was increasing and who wanted to complete a similar voyage alone is impossible. The author edited this novel to recall the prosperous period of the Ming Dynasty and criticize that present time. The book embodied the author's ideas about loyalty, Taoism and marine consciousness etc. This paper first explained the author, the book, and the historical period to analyze the reason of establishing the image of Zheng He. Through describing Zheng He's image, this paper reflected the China's political, cultural and people's thoughts in that era.

Because the islands and ocean-related historical and cultural resources are distinctive and exotic, so they can provide very fascinating tourism activities and experiences. Chinese Chishan Fahua Temple in Shidao, Weihai city, Shandong province, China is sole temple that affiliated with Korea, China and Japan. Because it is very attractive to these three countries’ tourists, so it created Chishan scenic with a will in 2005. This study is based on the current construction of Chinese Chishan Fahua Temple and the Chishan scenic, and analyzes the 2006～2014 years reception of tourists and the numbers of income, then constructs the evaluation index system and model, to assess the Chishan Fahua Temple potential on developing high level tourism product, on the basis of expert investigation, calculates that the development potential evaluation value is 3.71 points, belongings to the large class, but will be subject to the obvious constraints, such as visibility, talent support and other conditions, and the current market competition pressure has been relatively large. Therefore under the analysis of the outstanding problems exists in the Chishan Fahua Temple tourism development, from digging the resource potential, adopting multi-channel marketing approach, strengthening human resources development three aspects, gives the counter measures for Chishan Fahua Temple tourism development, in order to provide references for the product upgrading and continued ascension of market competitiveness. Because our country is surrounded by water on three sides, so even though it has abundant island and ocean-related historical and cultural resources, and is not utilizing them correctly. Chishan Fahua Temple tourism development will provide many implications for excavating and utilizing the island and ocean of ChinaJapan-related historical and cultural resources in our country.

The fourth King of Joseon dynasty, Sejong(r.1418-1450) decided to make high-level astronomical instruments. Sejong and his scholar-officials researched the Chinese classics on astronomy and adopted the astronomical instrument technology from Yuan dynasty for twenty years. Eventually, they succeeded in making various precision astronomical instruments including Simplified Armilla, Template and Tall Gnomon, Armillary Sphere, Striking Clepsydra and Sundials. Some of these instruments were made after the Chinese model; others were significantly modified or created by Joseon experts. It was King Sejong who played a crucial role in the transmission of astronomical instruments into Joseon. Sejong wished to be an ideal monarch like the ancient sages Yao and Shun. Therefore he was very eager to observe the movements of heavenly bodies carefully in order to understand the Heaven’s will. So he started to make astronomical instruments equal to the level of those in China. There had been two types of astronomical instrument technology in Yuan dynasty China. The first was Chinese traditional technology inherited from ancient times, and the second was Islamic technology which had been transmitted through the Moslem Conquest by Mongol Empire. Chinese astronomy and astronomical instrument technology including Islamic ones were rapidly transmitted into Joseon through the efforts of Sejong and his experts. It was one of the most successful cases in the history of transmission of technology.

To suggest a quantitative method of judging the authenticity of the literary work, this study has reviewed the previous studies and analyzed the quantitative data of Hwarangsegi(花郞世紀) and several books concerned. The main method of analysis is the appearance frequency and appearance ratio of specific words like particles in classical Chinese and synonyms. Comparing Beobhunggi(法興紀) seemed to be written by Park Chang Wha(朴昌和) to Hwarangsegi and Dohonggi(桃紅紀), Beobhunggi and Hwarangsegiand show several similarities in using particles in classical Chinese, synonyms and specific words. Chinese particles like 乎 於 于 and 是/此, meaning this, can be used selectively with slight difference. Chinese characters like 又/亦/且, meaning also or too, have the common meaning. So selecting one word among the several synonyms can be considered to reflect the author's preference or personality. For this reason, we can use the ration of synonym to detect the characteristic of literary work. From the viewpoint of skeptic considering Hwarangsegi as forged book, this book was counterfeited by Park Chang Wha. But there is no objective evidence. On inquiry by the ration of words, and Hwarangsegi vs Dohonggi and Beobhunggi vs Dohonggi show relevant differences and Hwarangsegi and Beobhunggi reveal the similar ratio in using some words. As the result, Hwarangsegi and Beobhunggi have the possibility of same author’s writing, and Dohonggi may be written by another author. This study will provide us with various types of empirical authority on the gigantic discourse such as plagiarism of Hwarangsegi which have continually been debated among Korean scholars of history and literature.

A rapid growth in the mobile market has significantly changed the behaviors of smart phone users. An US market research center(statistics.com) reported volume of world mobile market are 298 billion dollar in 2015. In South Korea, 99.8% of people aged between 20-30 years old own smart phones and even 91% of people aged above 60 use smart phones. On average, South Koreans spend 1 hour and 36 minutes each day on their smart phones. A concern for information privacy (CFIP) has become an important social issue. The aim of this paper is to analyze the rapidly growing mobile market, CFIP, and the changes in smart phone user’s behaviors in the past 5 years. The first aim is to address the changes in mobile behaviors of smart phone users between 2010 and 2015. Secondly, how has the smart phone users’ concern for information privacy changed due to increased mobile market. Lastly, the paper addresses the changes that happened to the privacy segment index (PSI) group of Westin. Based on these three research questions, this paper analyzes the changes in smart phone users’ mobile behavior between 2010 and 2015. The study find changes in mobile behavior of two user group. The findings of this study are three folders. First, the use of instant message, mobile e-mail, mobile banking, mobile shopping grow rapidly between two time periods. Secondly, among the four components of CFIP, unauthorized secondly usage, error, improper access are significantly difference between two user groups. Finally, PF group increased from 24% to 46%, this means users are more sensitive to about their information privacy.

The recent foreign residents in Korea has reached about 3% of the resident population to rise. But for Multicultural wateuna in response to the central government - so far it must hayeotdago I can not say enough, yet can not deny the fact that this lack of comprehensive and crosscutting response. The recent foreign residents in Korea has reached about 3% of the resident population to rise. Although Korea's multicultural policy pursued various policies the central government and local governments through a variety of laws and institutions, financial support, the program is excessive production is a lack of efficiency. In other words, central government, local governments, private organizations from a variety of laws and policies outlined businesses, relevant agencies, such as lack of consistency is competitive, yet it is subject to the absence of inter-policy governance inefficiencies pointed out as a problem. In order to build a multicultural society in a desirable life scene than enough considering the impact on the national and community institutions and formal financial support it will gradually get out to respond while seeking symbiosis of local residents and foreign residents. In order to overcome this is to build a one-sided policy of the central government-led, local authority restrictions and a lack of government funding, weak networks of NGOs and local-oriented governance must be prioritized. In this paper, and while awareness of these problems, analyze the multicultural society of Korea was examined for ways to derive the task to solve it.

The dependent nature of the mountains and water, blend well and living space located in jongtaek town today, most appear to be about 400-500 years ago, when the town was formed. In particular, Yeungnam region are mainly distributed around the northern Gyeongbuk Andong region, including many which are formed jongtaek town, including those jongtaek. Moreover, the study was defined as the outstanding figures for because a lot of historical and academic emissions, to analyze whether conditions of Feng Shui has a per geography (風水地理學) is now jongtaek village environment located here. The village of Andong area jongtaek breathe the culture of Confucianism and jongtaek 43 places, including the existing World Heritage-listed town breakdown below. Therefore, a literature study was first to analyze the presence of jongtaek town, divided into pickling and washing the location space jongtaek village study were compared. And was applied to the analysis of whether the presence of iphyangjo shui tube when selecting where to apply for 43 jongtaek shui elements. As a result, we can determine a per location with feng shui crane type logic jongtaek existing town now. You can see where you apply Feng Shui in the selection of a methodology for planning the location iphyangjo achieved a harmonious and balanced acid and water, space, and every room is designed such. This space is not compromised survival is coming, even now, would say that getting a good space to be a member. Thus, in the space designed for future city planning and urban renewal, must be made to incorporate Feng Shui will study the geography of the eco-design of our tradition.

The purpose of this study is to reveal the Japanese Government awareness of the comfort women issue at the level of public diplomacy correspondence and existing differences between Japanese–Korean society and Korean–American society. Four main study results show below. First, the comfort women issue generated by the Japanese army at colonial time and was exposed after appearance when Korean democratization and feminism started. It emerged as global issue in international level. Second, the comfort women monument was built after 2010 when national rights between Japanese-Korean, and also civil rights between Korean-American became strong. Third, the military prostitution issue has been complicated problem through the historical aspect, also anti-Korean group, and etc. in Japan. Fourth, characteristic of the political settlement between Korean and Japan was exposed and became stronger. However, to relationship reached the dramatic peak in 2015 due to the comfort women the issue discussion of settlement. In conclusion, was given suggestions about the importance of civil right in the global era between the Japanese–Korean and Korean–American society. Also research were covered differences after the comfort women monument was erected.

This paper did up in details directed against the fuzzy, polysemy and ambiguity of Chinese language. This analysis and re-organization can make their definitions, categories, and differences be further understood, which can also function as the reference to the future deeper research. The specific research procedures were as follows: Firstly, a detailed analysis was done to the ‘Fuzzy’ of Chinese language. The ‘Fuzzy’ here refers to the ‘Fuzzy’ in ‘Fuzzy Linguistics’. It has specialized meaning in ‘Fuzzy Linguistics, but different with the vagueness in ‘Vision Vagueness’, ‘Attitude Vagueness’ used in daily life. Its critical feature is the definiteness to ‘Core Semantics’, but indefinite to extensional semantics. Secondly, the ‘polysemy’ of Chinese was analyzed in details. The polysemous words in this paper were only limited to multi-lexical meanings, but not multi-morphemes. The content related with ‘basic meaning’ ‘extended meaning’ and metaphoric meaning’ were summarized according to 󰡔Polysemy Dictionary of Modern Chinese Language󰡕. Thirdly, the ‘ambiguity’ was analyzed particularly. There are four kinds of ambiguity: ambiguity of lexical meaning, ambiguity of phrase structure, ambiguity of active voice and passive voice, and ambiguity of segmentation. Finally, the comparative analysis was done to these three aspects on sememe, extension, and context. This paper further confirmed the connotation of fuzzy, polysemy, and ambiguity which take reference on the further research. In an age of global intelligence, linguistics is no longer an independent discipline, but closely integrated with humanities and natural science, and it's the inevitable trend of social development. Computational linguistics is a typical interdisciplinary research field, the biggest problem which faces is how to solve the ambiguity, polysemy and fuzzy itself. So the research result of this paper lays a certain foundation for the study of computational linguistics.

Shanghai is an international city, with economic developmentand cultural diversity.But in the process of urban development, but also inevitably accompanied by two element structure of urban-village, industrial development, old aging, social security of those people who have no Shanghai's household register, and many other issues. Shanghai's development, first and foremost is to correctly grasp and understand the connotation and characteristics of the new urbanization, the focus is appropriate to comb and explore the mode and path of new urbanization in Shanghai. This paper，in the view of out-China foreign scholars, lookbacks the situations of the past two years of “the new urbanization of national outline (2014-2020) of China”，and makes five types of existing of comparative analysis, and points out that Shnghai should be strongly encouraged the independent development of those small towns in the Shanghai’s suburbs and around circle of Shanghai city，addition to the two paths of the city’s expansion and the new city construction. The independent characteristic development of “Island around the city”of small towns is the key of Shanghai comprehensive urbanization. The creation of humanistic environment and the scientific rational development of the industry are the important thoughts and foundation for the planning of Shanghai's urban economic and social development.

上海是一座国际化大都市，经济发达，文化多元。但在城市发展过程中，也不可避免地伴随着城乡二元矛盾、产业发展、老龄化、非沪籍人口社会保障等诸多问题。上海的发展，首要的是正确把握和理解“新型城镇化”的内涵和特点，重点是恰当梳理和探索上海新型城镇化建设的模式和路径。本文以中国域外学者视角，回望≪国家新型城镇化纲要(2014-2020年)≫发布的这两年，并对现有的五种模式进行比较分析，提出上海在城市外扩和新城建设两条路径之外，应大力鼓励环城、环都市圈的郊区小城镇自主发展。“环城岛”小城镇的特色自主发展是上海全面城镇化的关键，人文环境的营造和科学合理的产业发展是谋划上海都市经济社会大发展的重要思路和基石。

This paper tries to analyze the Effectiveness and limitations of China's ethnic policy about Xinjiang ethnic problems by the economic approach. Recently, China is expected to overcome the domestic problems face challenges it is facing and it hopes to solve problems in Xinjiang, the so called ‘powder keg of China’. ‘One Belt, One Road’ strategy is to promote the strengthening of the economic ties of neighboring Central Asian countries, as well as to promote the economic development of Xinjiang. Also, it emphasizes the expansion of the multi-party security mechanism to ensure the safety in a ‘One Belt, One Road’ strategy. China believes that it could not only be able to resolve complaints through the inhabitants of Xinjiang's economic development, but also strengthen the economic ties with the outside that could pose threat to China. Externally, China has tried to lead the economic development of Xinjiang, by west open policy in Xinjiang. The focus of the current stage of the strategy of the ‘One Belt, One Road’ is the building of infrastructure. China believes that it could strengthen the relationship and economic cooperation with relevant countries. In addition, internally, China is trying to lead the economic development of Xinjiang by the Second-stage western development strategy, urbanization strategy, domestic demand and consumption stimulus policies. China's economic approach to solve Xinjiang problems can certainly be effective than in the past Coercive control method. However, when considering the complex international relations of the complexity and the surrounding situation with ethnic problems, Careful attention and care about social discontent in Xinjiang residents as well as ethnicity should be the priority consideration rather than rely too much on economic factors.

The spread of globalization and informatization has changed the extra environment. Today diplomacy is away from traditional diplomacy between the government and meets an era of public diplomacy that emphasizes the soft power. South Korea declared the “first year of public diplomacy” in 2010 and regarded Government affairs diplomatic, economic diplomacy, public diplomacy as three categories of Korea diplomacy. At present, South Korea is putting the power for ‘good’ expanding influence in order to obtain the understanding and support for South Korea's foreign nationals. The purpose of this public diplomacy is being implemented in Korea’s public diplomacy with China. The subjects that push ahead with Korea's public diplomacy with China are Korea Foundation Global Center under Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 178 diplomatic missions abroad, and Korea Cultural Center and South Korea Sejong Institute under the Ministry of Culture and Sport. South Korea's content of public diplomacy with China is various, but this paper would like to deal with contents about "Spread of the Korean Wave, “Korean Studies Education and Training”, Introducing Korea through the Korea Culture and Sejong Institute.

There are many words to express “Fear” in Hudoki(風土紀) as ｢畏｣, ｢懼｣, ｢恐｣, ｢惶｣, ｢悚｣and ｢憚｣. The most used word ｢畏｣ had been used to express a fear of psychic power of the Ten-no(天皇) and God. ｢懼｣ is used for the frightening situation that can be avoid by action, ｢恐｣ is expressing the fear of the near future. ｢惶｣ is used for afraid of the Existence of God, ｢悚｣ represents a specific fear as how creepy. ｢憚｣ is used for abhor. When compared the each character to Kojiki(古事記) and Nihonshoki(日本書紀), ｢畏｣ and ｢懼｣ are used as the common usage with Hudoki(風土紀) There are similarities of the Kojiki(古事記) and Hudoki(風土紀). The important words in the text contents are placed at the first in the Nihonshoki(日本書紀). In contrast, the words are placed in the order the events happened in the Kojiki(古事記) and Hudoki(風土紀). Using two combined synonymous words which can be found just in Hitachi Province are to make four-six styles from some books which are considered to the writer’s taste and it is seemed a conventional method. However, it would be a national language position even the writer in Hitachi Province was said they were good at the classical Chinese knowledge.

The purpose of this study is to consider the relationship of Haigaku and economy in Yamagata　Prefecture. The necessary expense in making a Haigaku is documented in the unit about 4 Ryo(a kind of currency), considering the Haigaku dedicated to Hukudamyozin in the city of Yamagata in 1856. When the price of the past and the present in dealing grain in Osaka is converted, the production expense of a large Haigaku in the past is converted to 216,000 Yen now. This is the price in conversion. In fact, it is considered that more expense in making a Hagaku costed. Warriors were the ruler in the Edo era, but ordinary people outdid warriors in the economic power. In many cases, special rich merchants and farmers joined in making Haigakus in Tohoku and Hokkaido. They were the leading group on Hagaku, in that they recited Haiku written on the Haigaku and they dedicated Haigakus to some objects. The around region of Tohoku had many droughts in the latter of Edo era. During the drought, Ikki like a revolt happened a lot. However, though many persons died from drought in the region of Temmei and Tempo of Tohoku, lot of Haigakus were unexpectedly offered. Haigakus were dedicated to Japanese shrines and temples in order to wish the end of drought. Spite the drought, some rich ordinary people had enough economic power, they could offer Haigakus.

After Tokugawa Leyasu established the Edo bakufu, in order to ensure society development with an orderly state, let people in all levels of society can do everything to complete their field of things, avoid the situation of tagrag capture the topper, inherited the system of soldier separate farmer that was created by Zhifeng regime, take advantage of the conventional hierarchies in relation in Zhuzi’s philosophy,divide the people into different grades from the system and spiritual idea level as literary man,farmer,worker and businessman. Each class has its own characteristics, there are a long gap between each class.They try their best to afford their responsibility and handed down from generation to generation on their area.Four civilian system become the important requirement to establish and steady the bakuha system. But inherent contradiction in the bakuha system case the damage of four people identity order become the inherent root which lead the bakuha system to disruption. Japanese Four Civilian System was established on the basis of soldiers and farmers separation. Under this system,warriors must leave the land, become a standing army which are aim to wushu practice only,they living rely on receiving salary and tax rice, they are the ruling class of society who are authoritative and reputable,they can not be converted to farmers and has the power of a gun,have the privilege to kill the farmers without ratify. However it has a strict hierarchy among warrior class, hereditary and unchanged. Farmers must live on the land from generation to generation, can not have arms, can not move their living place arbitrarily, can not change their identity. But commodity economy is the etchant of natural economy, developed commercial threat to the Tokugawa regime directly, the worker and the bussinessmen is in the bottom of Four Civilian System, they service for the warrior class, they are assigned to live in jokamachi, forming a fixed and hereditary status. But compared with the social situation that their political status is extremely humble, they are an economic giant who grasp the enormous social wealth, so the samurai have to rely on them. Four Civilian System become an important factor in the development and establishment of the Tokugawa regime. But with the intensifying of internal contradictions in the Tokugawa regime, eroding and destroying the hierarchical order, the destruction of the hierarchical order threatens the survival of the Tokugawa regime directly. Therefore, Four Civilian System become an important social causes of the Tokugawa regime’s collapse in turn.

MONKAN(文観) was a famous High priest. He prayed to Buddha and gods for Emperor GODAIGO(後醍醐天皇). MONKAN was born in the downstream area of Kakogawa River in the late Kamakura period.　He was the chief priest of Jourakuji Temple(常楽寺：Ohno, Kakogawa-cho, Kakogawa City, Hyogo Pregecture, Japan). He erected great and superlative five stone pagodas in the area between 1313 and 1219 years, praying that Crown prince TAKAHARU(尊治親王：Emperor GODAIGO) should be throned. And he collected a great amount of donations. He reclaimed farmland on a large scale in the TAKOKUSA-KITAMURA(蛸草北村) and fundamentally renovated the large irrigation canal called GOKAI(五ヶ井).

기업의 다각화전략과 경제적 효과는 경영경제 분야에 있어서 중요한 연구과제이다. 다수의 연구가 기업의 다각화 전략에 관한 고찰을 시행했으나 다각화의 요인은 무엇이며 그 효과가 어떠한가에 관해서는 여전히 다양한 해석과 의견이 상존하고 있다. 특히 전자기계 산업의 경우 제품이 고도화됨에 따라 기술다각화의 중요성이 커지고 있다. 소비자의 수요에 부합하기 위해 다양한 부품을 제품에 구성하게 되면서 과거에 비해 다방면의 기술을 필요로 하게 되는 것이다. 본 연구는 사업다각화와 기술다각화가 기업에 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가에 대해 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 사업다각화와 기술의 다양성이 기업의 수익성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 검증하기 위해 가설을 세우고 계량분석을 시행하였다. 일본 전자기계 산업에 속한 상장 기업 265개사를 대상으로 11년 간 재무데이터 및 특허데이터를 이용해 패널 데이터를 구축하였다. 사업다각화 및 기술다각화를 각각 지표로 고찰했으며 비관련 및 수직통합을 포함한 사업다각화의 방향도 계량모델에 고려되었다. 계량분석 결과 사업 다각화는 기업의 수익성에 악영향을 끼치며 특히 비관련 사업 다각화의 부정적인 효과가 두드러졌다. 반면 기술 다각화는 기업의 수익성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 점을 밝혔다. 또한 하방으로의 수직통합 다각화도 기업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구결과는 기술의 다양성이 기업의 성과에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 점을 명확히 밝히고 있으며 기업의 다각화 전략을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다.

The impact of a firm’s diversification strategy on its economic performance is a significant issue in strategic management research. The main purpose of this research is to analyze how both business and technology diversification affects firm’s performance comprehensively. A sample of 265 electronic equipment firms was selected using unbalanced panel data. Empirical results significantly represented the negative effects of business diversity. This result can be explained by the diseconomies of scope, particularly in cases of non-manufacturing business diversification. From a technology strategy viewpoint, technology diversification has positive effects on firm profitability, strongly supporting the importance of technical variety for enhanced performance. Moreover, firms possessing diverse technology knowledge can improve profitability by undergoing business diversification. This result is robust and consistent in both the simple count patent model and the citation count model. This research indicates that having expertise in a variety of technical fields is a key factor for the electronic equipment industry, as it requires a broad range of parts and technologies. Also, the results show that downstream diversification has positive effects on performance. Throughout these empirical results, this study found different effects of business and technology diversification on performance. Overall, these results suggest that to precisely establish the effect of diversification researchers should consider not only the business elements impacting on a firm, but also the technology elements and the direction of the diversification.

In this paper, as part of the study of Li Xiaoshi's literature, his masterpiece Boundless Blue Sky (1941) is treated as the research object. Boundless Blue Sky is Li's second novel after his novel Pot (1939) which contains Harbin exotic flavors against Chinese modern historical background. So far, almost all researchers, more or less, have analyzed the relationship between his exotic style and his thought involved in having a servile attitude to foreign things in Li's novels. However, the author in this paper tries to avoid above issues which have been hotly discussed because of the following two reasons: one is that the author wants to adhere to her previous lines of research focusing on Chinese factor reflected in Korea modern novels. After many years of research in this field, based on 18 papers that have been published, the author is confident enough to form so-called “my own research routes”. The other reason is that the author thinks modern Chinese literature and Korean literature share a common background and circle of life. It is meaningful to distill Chinese cultural factors from those Korean works and this kind of research method has provided the author a very broad comparative research field. This paper centers on the study of two Chinese cultural factors in Boundless Blue Sky: the first one is “slow culture” which also can be called a part of the Chinese people's life. The cultural essence is immersed in China's popular life. It is not uncommon in Li Xiaoshi's novels. The second is the scene of Harbin Central Avenue which appears frequently in the works.The author believes that the westernized phenomenon of Harbin Central Avenue is a kind of inertial thinking, a kind of biased consciousness caused by worshiping western thought. It is regarded as author’s creative thinking to change the research angle. Although Li Xiaoshi had not lived in China for a very long time, he accepted Chinese culture and was deeply influenced by Chinese culture. Therefore, it is very common to find the characters in his works referring to Chinese culture, especially the "slow culture" in China. In addition to these two aspects, diverse Chinese culture can be perceived in Boundless Blue Sky, such as the lottery culture in all ages, beggars, Chinese mahjong, etc.. Because of the limited space of this paper, these researches need to be done in the future.

The edict of Tenson which descended upon Takachiho, and Karakuni in it are analyzed, I can find out meanings. First, by that which is tinged with the same character as Kunimi by the Emperor, and the first volume, I am telling the edict of Tenson with next marriage tradition. This works as a hint to the history of the second volume, and Emperor Oujin's tradition is structurally similar. First of all, that ancestor god gets down from Ohokuninusi in response to transfer of Asiharanonakatsukuni secures the legitimacy to all the past Emperors' supreme power. In other words, advent of Tenson was the most important incident in the composition of Amenoshita which sovereignty attains to. The world of such the “Kojiki” is also completing the composition of supreme power with the legitimacy of sovereignty through related tradition. Karakuni in the edict of Tenson is a country which exists in the west in Chikushi so that it can check in the Silla subjection tradition. Karakuni which is also the Utopia is soon included in the Emperor's world. That is, it was drawn that it is the external world in Japan as a tributary. In the “Kojiki”, I am telling such the Emperor's world through the tradition put on each volume. I inherit the world order set up by Amaterasu of the first volume, and the Silla conquest tradition of the second volume is realized. This is what expressed the dominium to Karakuni with the form of a history tradition, and Nishinokata written to Jingu tradition shows the position. The edict of Tenson was told in order for such composition to explain world which the Emperor governs. So to speak, I considered it as a part which connects the age of the gods and all the past Emperors. When putting in another way, I praised as the world of the Emperor based on what is called Small empire thought. The edict of Tenson in an advent place was the intentional utterance which made the background rule of Karakuni after Oujin era, and was set as the first volume.

To study the history of lunchbox in Korea and Japan can be good researches for searching for the difference of food culture and cultural traits in two countries. The biggest difference of two countries' lunchbox culture is the verb, ‘싸다’(wrap in English) and ‘こしらえる’(make in English). ‘싸다’ in Korean means the flexibility and space of clothes culture and it can be important in community spirit. ‘도시락을 싸다’ can mean the variety and flexibility of food container and food quantity. While Bento of Japan is for only one person, the food in the basket or iron pot of Korea can share with one person, two persons or ten persons who are present at that spot. How to eat box lunch is also different in two countries. In Korea, people put their lunchboxes on the table and eat others' lunchboxes together without permission. However, Japanese put together and eat only their own box lunch. To eat each is the tradition of Japanese food culture. Japanese tend to abide by the rules in their home and also in restaurants. Restaurants even offer Bento on their menus and as take-out, so the chef’s recipes and Bento designs can be enjoyed at home. There has also been a recent revival of Bento recipes as well as packing aesthetics, spurred on by high-end Japanese restaurants. Seeing the lunchbox as nothing less that a key to an understanding of Japanese culture. The Korean lunchbox contains not only food but also the warm heart between people and the sharing culture. Whereas, Bento of Japan can be said to make the convenience through the efficient arrangement for limited space.

Korea wooden architecture still remains in traditional methods. In this regard, this study aims to examine the causes and problems of the failure of its popularization and modernization, together with negative perception and prejudice even in school education and of architectural professionals against it. In Japan, wooden detached houses cover a high proportion of the housing types, and Japanese perception and culture differ from those of Korea who usually prefer apartments. Focusing on the contemporary issues- environmental-friendly and sustainability-in response to changes in housing values in the younger generation, this study is conducted to confirm the future perspective of Korean wooden architecture which has existed throughout the history of mankind. Thus a discussion needs to be conducted on the history and changes of Korean wooden buildings, including Hanok that has great significance and value as traditional architecture and architectural asset to today’s society. Furthermore, this study examines the current status and examples of wooden architecture of Japan which is geographically to Korea and has the most similar sociocultural features than other countries. In Japan, several research and development projects combining traditional wooden architecture, which is designed to withstand earthquakes in consideration of topographic characteristics, with advanced technology of western wooden architecture have been already conducted. Japanese wooden architecture has been already applied not only to a number of public facilities and buildings but also to wooden detached houses and small buildings as well. In this study, the future perspective of Korean wooden architecture is discussed. The value and significance of wooden architecture with environment-friendly capability of materials, economic feasibility of construction, residence usability, and structural stability are considered together with the needs of the development of environment-friendly wooden architecture planning methods adequate for domestic circumstances of Korea and the establishment of a specialty construction industry in order to obtain securities.