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Engaged in farming in rural areas, the majority of ethnic Koreans in China had formed an ethnic community. But since the Chinese government adopted the economic reform and open-door policy and established a diplomatic tie with South Korea in 1992, the Korean-Chinese have been moving from the countryside, which is their hometown, to cities, causing a huge change in their agricultural communities. Moreover, the rural areas where the Korean-Chinese communities are still maintained are rapidly aging, a sign that they are likely to die out someday. Despite such depressing view, however, some positive efforts have been made to protect the Korean-Chinese identity and culture, in line with the Chinese central government's policy to construct new socialist countryside and culturally unique villages. Such government efforts to vitalize rural areas have been recognized as a possible solution to rural district problems and have raised fresh hope to local Korean-Chinese communities. Against this backdrop, this paper aims to look at unique Korean-Chinese villages that have attempted to bring change to their communities using their own cultural contents as resources. Myeongseong Village located in Yeongan City of Heilongjiang, which has successfully mobilized its pre-existing cultural resources and has completed constructing “the Story Museum of the Korean-Chinese Village,” is the case example this paper explores in depth. This papers explains the background and detailed processes of establishing the museum and shows how valuable the stories about the lives of the Korean-Chinese ancestors are in cultural contents aspects and how the museum construction has affected the rebuilding of its local community. The stories about the Korean-Chinese are not only linked with ethnic Koreans in China but also to grandparents and great-grandparents of those living in the two Koreas. It is hoped that these stories will restore the history of the Korean-Chinese society in China and invite renewed attention to the Korean-Chinese commnities, thereby contributing to producing different cultural contents in the forms of film, art work and music, with the Story Museum of the Korean-Chinese Village serving as the groundwork.

The female figure called "Venus" is mainly excavated in Siberia and Europe since the late Paleolithic. The ruins of Malta in Siberia and the Kostenki I in the Don river basin of the Black Sea in Europe are well known and compared.This work is a data analysis to compare the data of Eurasia, Northeast China, Far East, and Korean Peninsula over the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The well-known residence of the Venus statue in the Malta ruins of Siberia is a circular tent residential area.As a residential settlement, the tomb of a young child is known inside this residence. In Malta ruins, female figurines were excavated not only in this settlement but also in other settlements. On the other hand, the number 1 residence of the ruins of Kostenki I was much larger than that of the No. 2 residence in which the Venus statue was excavated. In both regions, there are differences in material, femininity, flaccidity, bodily expression, l ower body, wearing clothing, and damages.The Siberian Women's Prize was produced only in the mammoth ivory, with a large head and many eye-catching images.On the other hand, the Don river basin was made of mammoths and limestones, and the breasts, belly and pelvis were exaggerated and greatly expressed. In Siberia and the Black Sea North, female figurines starting to be excavated from the late Paleolithic period have the same idea of placing female figurines in the residential areas, but implies that the producers of both regions had different views on women.

This study focuses on exploring socio-economic changes caused by environmental changes and industrial development in the Arctic and on analyzing the new perceptions of Russian Arctic residents, especially those of the republic of Sakha. First, the socio-economic changes of Arctic residents are summarized using existing research results and various statistical data. Then, based on the results of surveys on the residents of the Republic of Sakha, we looked at how Arctic residents perceive their socio-economic environment. According to various statistical data and survey results, the socio-economic situation and perceptions of the residents of the Republic of Sakha are not good. The socio-economic situation has not improved compared to the 2000s, and the residents of the Republic of Sakha are of course perceived negatively. In particular, the 25-34 age group, men, local residents, and other ethnic minorities, including Evenki, are the main groups with negative perceptions. However, the residents of the Republic of Sakha are evaluating highly themselves for their personal life satisfaction, optimism level, happiness level, and material evaluation level. In order to raise the quality of life of Arctic residents, residents of the Sakha republic point out that it is necessary to expand various welfare and subsidies by the state along with regional economic development. It is also necessary to support various socio-economic infrastructure, roads, medical care, and education. In particular, in relation to everyday life, wage increases, employment, and price cuts are the means to improve the quality of life that Arctic people most desire.

This paper introduces an instructional model of Korean history for learners of Korean language. The ultimate goal of language learning is to improve communicative skills and content-based instruction is considered highly efficient method of facilitating language learning. In this paper, history is employed as the content of the instruction for learners of Korean language from China and Japan. Significant periods of history of the three nations are closely intertwined so the learners are knowledgeable and familiar with the topic. This should help them to understand the content of the history lesson when presented in the classroom and thus facilitate acquisition of Korean language skills. Prior to presenting ideas for teaching history, selected textbooks of Korean language used at major Korean language education centers in Korea have been studied to assess what is included in terms of history education. The analysis results indicate that most textbooks do not fully cover any specific periods of history such as the 19th century, when Korea, China, and Japan started opening up to the outside world. They only explain isolated backgrounds of historic figures such as King Sejong and Admiral Lee Soon-shin, or famous sites like Bulkusa (temple) in Gyeongju and Gyeongheegung (palace) in Seoul. Also, the analysis reveals that facts on Korean history were provided without an opportunity for exchanging cross-cultural views. In this respect, this paper suggests an instructional model of Korean history where learners from China and Japan can compare and contrast the circumstances surrounding the start of diplomatic relations by Korea, China, and Japan with foreign nations in the 19th century. While focusing on the content of history, learners are also provided with language learning materials, which will help them improve their communicative skills.

This article analyzes the effects of the socialist camp’s peace discourses and peace movements on the four nations of South Korea, North Korea, China and Japan in East Asia between 1948 and 1950. From the perspective of a polar Cold War system centering around the United States and the Soviet Union, the pacifism of the socialist camp should be strongly rejected in South Korea and Japan, and seemed to be uncritically accepted in China and North Korea. But the reality was very different. The only country where such an order was projected was actually South Korea. Republic of Korea has thoroughly rejected the peace discourses of socialist camps in the process of establishing a right-wing anti-communism system. On the other hand, Japan, under the US military rule, could spread peace discourses and peace movements quite broadly, and successfully obtain the signing of 6.45 million signatures in the anti-nuclear peace signing movement in 1950. This situation was closely related to the occupation policy of the US military, which forced ‘peace’ on the Japanese people as their national policy. About the same time, the Chinese Communist Party strongly rejected the peace discourses of the socialist camp in the context of their Chinese Civil War (1946-1949). However, when the US military actively intervened the Korean War, Chinese government started to transform and spread the peace discourses centering on the ‘anti-invasion’. North Korea had also embraced the peace discourses of the socialist camp since 1948, but in the preparations for war in 1950, it pursued peace movements centered on the discourse of “unification” rather than “anti-war” or “anti-nuclear”.

Through its representation in major films led by the United States Information Services during the postwar period, postwar militarism in Korea was positioned as a “classical modern militarism” that internalized the role of national and economic security. However, what is missing from this representation of “classical modern militarism” is the military violence that remains hidden behind it. The dropping of the atomic bombs by the U.S. in Japan is the most explicit example of military violence at the beginning of postwar militarism in East Asia. However, Korean hibakusha (A-bomb Victims) had no public recognition for a few decades, being excluded from the national bodies of both Japan and Korea. Thus, this paper attempts to visualize the ecological disaster of militarism, by analyzing two documentaries (To the Japs: South Korea A-bomb Survivors Speak out (Nunokawa Tetsuro, 1971), The Other Hiroshima: Korean A-bomb Victims Tell Their Story (Park Su-Nam, 1987), which reveal physical sufferings of Korean hibakusha who were not able to have medical treatments. The Jeju 4.3 massacre is also another example of explicit military violence which that has been tabooed in public for the decades. Moreover, there emerged recent environmental contamination issues caused by military bases on Jeju Gangjeong have begun to emerge. I examine documentary films such as Jeju Prayer (Im Heung-soon, 2012) and The Ghosts of Jeju (Regis Tremblay, 2013) that depict these issues. This paper attempts to reveal that violence by analyzing four documentaries, To the Japs, The Other Hiroshima, Jeju Prayer, and The Ghosts of Jeju, that address the physical and ecological disasters of militarism. These four films emphasize the relationship between victims’ polluted bodies and the development or contamination of land by postwar militarism. these films take “ecocriticism” under the form of ‘social documentary’ to explore ways of overcoming the legacy of militarism. Therefore, I trace how discourses of ecocriticism can draw out not only issues of industrial crisis, but can also critique of aspects of post war militarism. They offer a new ecological critique of postwar militarism and how grassroots movements working in solidarity with transnational film movements can act to protect at-risk bodies and environments from contamination by the postwar militarism.

South Korea’s Moon government adopted strengthening the Korea-U.S. alliance by jointing military as a response to North Korea's nuclear test. However they didn’t give up the “Sunshine policy”, by putting forward the idea “Berlin vision”, providing humanitarian aid to North Korea and etc. South Korea executed its “Sports diplomacy” to North Korea as the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics draw closer. In late 2017 Moon proposed a postponement of U.S.-South Korea military exercises as his most positive signal, then he received a positive response from North Korea. This paper adopted the literature research method and focused on Pyeongchang winter Olympic games to demonstrate the influence of sports diplomacy of Moon government on two Koreas’ relationship. Moon government used the “pyeongchang Olympics” as an opportunity to engage in “sports diplomacy” in 2017 by sending a positive signal to North Korea, which as a result received a positive response. The two countries held talks in Panmunjom, which kicked off the inter-Korean dialogue that began with the Pyeongchang Olympics. By taking the sports diplomacy as an opportunity, the relationship between two Koreas turned to a better situation. The government of Moon Jaein has deepened the mutual trust between the two Koreas and strengthened the determination of North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons through the Pyeongchang Olympics. However, it is still difficult for South Korea alone to promote the benign development of the situation. The attitude of the United States will continue to affect the future development on the Korean peninsula. In the later stage of Olympics diplomacy, two Koreas still have a long way to go to realize denuclearization and promote the peace process. South Korea and North Korea should make full use of the current situation to continue the dialogue, promote the signing of the agreement to end the war through consultation between the North Korea and the U.S., and finally find the fundamental solution for the peaceful development of the Korean peninsula.

“V+上+(了)+APN” structure of action verbs and action verbs. liu has gone, the prize, the prize of quality [+Dynamism], [±Summative], [±Instantaneity], [±Proximity], [+Persistence]. in response to the record as “rose”. the award is [+Dynamism], [±Summative], [±Instantaneity], [±Proximity], [+Persistence]. “V+上+(了)+FPN” structure of the flow of the time has gone on, grammar, reflect the category of the low end of the to box and the completion of the sub category of adhere to the to achieve. this response is the cover, “-었”, “-게 되다”, “-어 버리 다”, “-어 있-” in these very different. the past tense and the prize and award to continue to use the suffix or not. “V+上+(了)+LPN” structure of action verbs and action verbs. liu has gone, “가다”, “올라가다” the prize, the prize of quality the [+Dynamism], [±Summative], [±Instantaneity], [±Proximity], [+Persistence]. in response to the record as “가다” and “올라가 다”, and that the quality of the AABB]. “V+上+(了)+PPN” structure of operation flow. the work has gone is “올라가다” reflects that the quality [+Dynamism], [±Summative], [±Instantaneity], [±Proximity], [+Persistence]. in response to the record as rose. the award is [+Dynamism], [±Summative], [±Instantaneity], [±Proximity], [+Persistence]. however, the mechanism of action of “V+上+(了)+PPN” flow behavior, the time has gone on grammar, reflect the category of the low end of the. in response to the record as “-었”, we was the “- 었” the past tense to express.

While there have been many different dynasties over the Chinese long history, Han-dynasty could be seen to have had so huge an influence on the Han Character cultural sphere of East Asia in language, culture, politics, ideologies and others, considering the representation of ‘漢(Han)’ in the names such as 漢字(Han characters), 漢語(Han language) and 漢族(Han Chinese). In this regard, we should focus on Han era, not only because during this era many of the basic concepts of culture and philosophy maintaining and sustaining East Asian culture have been established and solidified, but also because its influence has still been alive and well in the modern Eastern cultural area. Among every sort of history, it must be history of language that linguists should pay most attention to. Examples and cultural connotations of vocabulary which constructs language are critical cues that help understand the culture and the lifestyle of the society back then. It is especially important to understand that there are various intentions and purposes in connotations in language. This is because language is no more than a sign or symbol to represent things, and therefore a world expressed in form of language is already not an actual being but a result of one's subjective and limited perceptions, but in general we still perceive the meaning of the linguistic sign and its referent to be the same. Such mechanism between linguistic signs and their referents has often been taken over by power and ideologies and induced to perceive and understand things towards the direction they wanted. In this sense, ‘聲訓法(law of the Analogy of Meaning from Fhoneme)’ generates a close homogeneity between the signifier and the signified using the ‘poetic function’ of Chinese characters. 『釋名』 interprets Chinese characters mostly in a way of ‘聲訓法’, and is a representative lexicon of Han period. Hence, this study aims at examining the reasoning and the world view of Han time suggested in the interpretation of 『釋名』. This research primarily focuses on the vocabulary relating to topography. ‘中國(China)’, one of our closely related neighboring country, has its very name reflecting their own geographical idea, and this point seemed meaningful to begin with to understand China. The coverage of this study includes four categories, ｢釋地｣, ｢釋山｣, ｢釋水｣, ｢釋丘｣ in 『釋名』.

In this paper, the meaning of ‘摽’ is interpreted as ‘throwing’ as it is interpreted variously in the first part of ‘摽有梅’ in each chapter. Furthermore, it was discussed the possibility that the meaning could be extended by analogy. The existing interpretation of ‘‘摽' as ‘falling' in the previous commentaries is inappropriate in terms of grammar and there was a problem in the meaning of ‘throwing' from folklore perspective, moreover, it is inadequate to express the woman’s hasty and anxiety. Therefore, it was necessary to approach to a way of graphonomy. First, I confirmed that ‘摽’ expresses that something is taken lightly and quickly by hand from the analysis of etymology. I proved ‘throwing’ and ‘picking’ can be derived from the original meaning. Regardless of hands, however, ‘falling’ means moving downward freely without control so in this case, semantic extension is not suitable. Even though it was extended semantically, I could guess that ‘falling’ appeared after ‘throwing’ and ‘picking’. Next I found that word ‘梅’ implies love, health or youth also ‘摽有梅’ is interpreted ‘falling plums’so it could be combined metaphorically by interpreting like ‘getting old’ or ‘fading youthfulness’ by combining with 摽 as a medium. In addition ‘摽’ in ｢邶風⋅柏舟｣ does not mean ‘falling down’ but ‘beating breast’. The same word describes two different things, one is ‘plums falling with a thump’ and the other is ‘beating breast with a light thump’. Therefore ‘thump’ an onomatopoeia which means beating slightly like ‘tap-tap’ is used to describe these two different cases. ‘摽’ itself is not the word but shows ‘beating beast with a light thump’ a little bit shockingly. The most salient word in ‘摽有梅’ could be ‘摽’ because of showing the woman’s heart broken to the man whom she wants to marry and she moves up the marriage by expressing her urgent and frustrated feeling.

With the description of the northeastern China as the descriptive topos and the appearance of a lot of the northeastern area as the historical background, “Flying Reed Boat” authored by Yuko Tsushima has not gotten the spotlight it deserves compared to the reputation of the author and the value of the text of the book in the academy circle. However, in this book, the author has handled a lot of issues which she had obtained for a long time and tried to write. Here, she described the related historical issues and the social topic at the time of writing. In addition, the book has introduced many new things in terms of more complicated narratives, unique development in storytelling and the trial of expanding the range of text. “Flying Reed Boat” can be analyzed from various perspectives as it handles various closely connected levels of human and social issues ranging from the gender discourse to the understanding of the historical context with respect to the cultural and anthropological approach. In this paper, the “community of solidarity” and “mind of hospitality” would be focused on for the discussion of this book though they have not been often handled as the key words in her later works. A few embadded narratives and main issues contained in the main part of the book were analyzed as they totally handle the topics of various discourses and the social issues in modern and contemporary history. In addition, the author’s idea about human problems and the implication of the topics of the work were handled from the social and ethical perspectives. Specifically, in Chapter 2, the lives of two women’s fetuses which were differentiated by the value of hospitality were analyzed by using the case of past suffering of Yuki Baba’s friend and the case of Nami who lives in the present in the text. In Chapter 3 and 4, the adoption issues of the orphans created by the war and the life of several kinds of diasporas were analyzed to describe how the motif of community mind and the ethics of the hospitality work there. In addition, related to that, the symbolic implication of the ending scene which was dramatically expressed through the symbolic placeness and metaphorical play was researched. From this study, it was found that “Flying Reed Boat” is a text which handles various historical cases and instructive narratives in the past and emphasizes the community mind for mutual prosperity and the ethics of hospitalization for others as they get more important at the present time when conflict and confrontation have become aggravated and that it also has its own unique narrative aesthetics.

In this study we conducted a case study on Kyoto City, Japan Which is implementing the universal design policy for the elderly, disabled, children, pregnant women and foreigners. It is a safe urban construction to solve social problems caused by the globalization of cities and the declining birthrate and aging population, which is an important issue in modern society. The korea central and local governments have recently focused on the discussion on secure city implementation. In order to be safe from frequent accidents and injuries in the area, voluntary and systematic participation of all community members is mandatory. Therefore, improvement of urban development was improved so that community elderly people, handicapped people, tourists who visited Kyoto city can do social activities conveniently. Kyoto has been making steady efforts to improve the city since 2005. The city government is improving urban development so that local elderly people, disabled people and tourists visiting Kyoto city can conveniently carry out social activities. It also preceded the environmental improvement to consider tourists in consideration of the characteristics of the tourist city Kyoto City. Kyoto is revitalizing cultural welfare so that people with disabilities can sustain a socially discouraged cultural life. Miyako universal design emphasized that participation of all citizens such as administrative, local residents, citizen groups, etc can make a universal design society. There is a limit to realizing a universal design society simply by rebuilding the city. Future Korean local government groups and citizens suggest that more mature civic consciousness is necessary for community symbiosis society. In the future research issues, it will be necessary to analyze Korea's social structure and citizenship carefully and to consider the universal design policy in line with the Korean sentiment.

Although the Abe administration tried to draw over the Park Geun-hye administration of ROK and reached an agreement with a certain concession, it did not solve the problem at all. Instead, it made the problem more complicated and ultimately failed to achieve its intended purpose. Since the Abe administration will not easily change the attitude of the “comfort women” issue, the President Moon is not easy to change the position of this issue, so the “comfort women” problem is difficult to be effectively resolved, and the Peace comfort woman statues continue to be increased in ROK. The issue of “comfort women” is not only a problem between Japan and ROK, but also an important historical issue in which China, DPRK, Philippines and other Asian countries that had suffered Japanese aggression and colonial rules have reconciled with Japan. The reconciliation of these historical issues cannot be solved by relying solely on the agreement between the governments, but by real reconciliation between the people. Since been in Japan's Prime Minister power, Shinzo Abe had been refusing to assume the legal responsibility for the ‘comfort women’(sex slaves) issue. On the one hand, he tried to deny the historical facts, on the other hand, took the South Korea's recognition with Japan's attitude on the issue as the prerequisite of relations improvement. Unfortunately, In this context of the new South Korean government advocated the issue should be renegotiated, the Japanese government had only achieved a ‘major but false diplomatic victory’ as the issue without ultimate resolution. Beyond all doubt, the relations between South Korea and Japan may once again fall into the historical predicament. As far as we can determine, the ‘comfort women’ issue would also act as a "time bomb" of impeding the reconciliation of Japan and South Korea for a long time.

This study aims to investigate the impact of the Abe Administration’s weak yen strategy on trade through economic indices. This study focuses on the fact that Abe Administration implemented an easy money policy to get out of long-term economic stagnation, but the effect of weak yen was little to explore and discuss what caused that. In 2012, in the democratic regime, 1 dollar was exchanged at 80 yen, and in May 2013, in the Abe Administration, 1 dollar was exchanged at 100 yen, so yen was weak. Later, in June 2015, the yen weakened up to 125.85 yen. This is an effect of Abe Administration’s easy money policy, and since what Abe Administration expected was the recovery of the exports industry according to weak yen, so it is judged that there was some achievement. However, corporate performance was recovered by the weak yen, but there were problems, including the increase in the price of imports and no increase in the volume of export. The conclusions discussed using macroscopic data are as follows: First, in spite of the weak yen, the volume of exports did not increase. During the period of the weak yen in 2013, no big change in the volume of exports to the U.S., E.U., and China was observed, so the effect of the depreciation of Japanese yen was weak. During the period of the weak yen in 2015, the volume of exports to the U.S. decreased. However, exports to the E.U. increased a little, and later, despite the Japanese yen was strengthened, an increasing trend was observed. This means that the weak yen did not affect the volume of export. Second, the easy money policy promoted for economic recovery acted as a limitation in the creation of jobs. The volume of exports is very important since output would not increase unless the quantity increases, though the volume of exports increased by the weak yen. Since employment would not increase unless output increases, the effect of corporate profit on employment is limited though it increases. Meanwhile, unless nominal wages increase as the price of imported goods increases, real wages decline. It is judged that since the easy money policy to get out of long-term stagnation brought about weak yen and increased business performance, but there was a limitation in the increase of output, its impact on the Japanese economy was small overall.