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The purpose of this paper is to look into the possibility of cultural communication between Jeju and Mongolia, where people have a deep historic affinity, by comparing the aspects of the folkway related to birth and parenting among folklores. To this end, we looked at the myths and rituals related to the birth and parenting folkway of the two regions. Jeju's birth and parenting god is Myeongjinguk Taenimagi, which received the Jade Emperor's recommendation for “Samseung Halmang.” The goddess shows up at the fetus and childbirth site to actively promote th safety of the baby from the threat of “ex-Samseung Halmang,” who play a role as evil god. Mongolia's mountain spirit is “Manzan Gourmet Today,” which inherited the aspect of Ji Mo-shin, and uses heavenly magic books to govern the birth of a child, as well as the life-or-death soldiers of all gods and human beings. However, since the heavenly god does not manifest itself in the process of giving birth or raising children, Mongolians worship a created goddess “Emgelzine Jayagalgari: The Old Lady of Destiny.” There is a “Buldo Maji” ritual in Jeju that uses the sorcery of flowers, and the rite of faith in “Mother Rock” is widely inherited in Mongolia. As a result, Jeju people ideologically view the mythical space of “Seocheon Flower Garden,” and Mongolians regard as the fortress of “Borhan Haldon” as the source of life and death, making trees and rocks growing there as objects of awe. In short, the Jeju Islander and Mogolian commonly saw that the boundaries of the baby’s life and death were unclear until a certain period of time, and thus called the birth and parenting god actively, until the time when the order of life was established. Meanwhile, the difference of birth and parenting ritual between Jeju and Mongolia illustrates the characteristics of the two regions. In Jeju Island, which is based on the farming cultural, the ritual is passed on as a shamanistic ritual culture centering on the sacred field, however in Mongolia which is based on the nomadic tradition, the culture of daily rituals centered on sacred acts.

Wonkwangbupsa is the first ancient monk of Silla to achieve fame in the Sui Dynasty by studying the doctrines of the Southern and Northern Dynasties while studying abroad in the Qin and the Su Dynasties. After returning to Silla at the king's call, he became Silla's greatest monk by taking care of the country's affairs. He gave an annotation to Geoseosa, which fell in Gyeongju, and created a Jeomchabo, a thorough practice, rather than a doctrinaire Buddhism, and held a Ksitigarbha belief assembly in honor of the Ksitigarbha belief. But while committing the illegal act of giving a king a royal line, he took his distance from the race and opened his fortune-telling book, which means he was fascinated by the characteristics of the old-fashioned Ksitigarbha belief. On the other hand, it also means that the conflict with Gyeongju's indigenous religion has not been resolved amicably. It is true that Wonkwang's fortune-telling in the wine of royal and aristocratic beliefs has expanded its scope, but it has not been linked to popularization. This is because the practice of divination itself is a penultimate practice that the general public cannot afford. However, it is believed that the Ksitigarbha belief, which was developed by Wonkwang, was popularized by the Ksitigarbha belief, which was established by the spirit of wisdom, with the help of Shin in the Jinpyeong Dynasty, Gyeongju, where Wonkwang was active, and with the help of his mother, the gold found on the ground. “Gold obtained from the earth implies the original meaning of the earth to bear and give away everything, so that the gold obtained from the Divine Mother means the popularization or spread of Jijiang belief.” Silla's early Jijiang creed is the process of repenting and repenting for his sins and visiting the rest of his innate lair, and Wonkwang is the first Ksitigarbha believer to foretell Ksitigarbha belief as a seongmunseung with such a strong image of the archangel.

Shaman traditions are narrative or ritual forms, which include motifs related to Shaman. Core structure of these traditions is basically determined by the role of Shaman. Especially, shaman myths of the Yukaghir tribe are divided into 4 types such as ①disease→shaman rite →cure, ②ignorance→shaman divination→foresight, ③failure→shaman mediation→success, ④ death→shaman protection→life, and each type is comprised of 3 narrative segments. Shamans play roles of healer, foreteller, mediator, defender in each type of the myths. Procedures of the Shaman rituals related to disease treatments are divided into two types, depending on the causes of disease. First type is ①help-spirit actualization and contact → soul journey of shaman →soul recovery→disease treatment→help-spirit-deactualization, and the other type is ②help-spirit actualization and contact→expelling disease-spirit→disease treatment→help-spirit- deactualization. The Yukaghir’s world-view on the constituents of the universe, spirit and disease is reflected in their shaman traditions. First, their cosmovision was formed on the shamanistic concept because they think the world is comprised of upper, middle, and lower world. This idea is reflected in their shaman traditions. Secondly, human beings have 3 souls according to their view on soul. The complexity of souls is an essential idea of Siberian shamanism. Thirdly, diseases are caused when the soul gets out of body temporarily or disease-spirit invades human body according to their view on disease. So diseases are cured when recovering the soul or expelling the disease-spirit. These ideas represent typical shamanism models.

This study aims to make a traced comparison following the trend of social change for the participation awareness as the common characteristics displayed in the essays of Kim Su-young who is known as the representative poem of participatory poem during 1960s in Korea and Bei Dao who is known as the representative poem of misty poetry in 1980s in China. These two poets were the representative runners of the participatory poems with clear foot print in the literature history, and their essays also have undertaken an important role in displaying their activities and ideologies as the participatory poets. Through the essay collection of Bei Dao, it displayed the activities and life style of Bei Dao after his defection as well as tracing down on what influence would the people he met in his exile and incidents he experienced on the participation awareness of Bei Dao. If there is a difference, Kim Su-young structured the theory on his participatory poetry mainly through the essays but Bei Dao expanded the participation awareness through his life on exile and record on people of exile while displaying the activities of participation as an activist poet. Under this article, their participation awareness as appeared on their essays is compared in three aspects. First, it is the part that the discourse was undertaken (Kim Su-young) on participation literature through essays and records his activities as a participation poet after the revolution in essays. Kim Su-young strenuously asserted his opinion on participatory poems on his essay in 1968 and further dissipated his theory on participatory poetry as well. Bei Dao did not personally mentioned, but through visiting the conflict areas, he occasionally implied the possibility of participation through verbal expression. Second, (it also forms an axis in poetry) it would be the criticism on daily lives where the capitalism has penetrated and this is also deemed as a way of participation.

This study aims to reveal on Korea's representation in geography textbooks that served as a kind of window toward the world, based on the fact that textbooks had an important influence on the culture, consciousness and values of the Japanese people in school education continued until World War II since the introduction of the modern education system in Japan. To that end, Korea-related illustrations of geography textbooks for primary and middle schools compiled in Japan from the 1900s to before the defeat of World War II were analyzed and their characteristics considered in relation to the passage of time. Immediately after the Japan’s annexation of Korea, illustrations were used to provide awareness and information that Korea was newly included as a colony of the Japanese Empire. Over the 1920s and 1930s, illustrations containing the ideology of colonial rule were featured in earnest. Major cities have been marked as spaces that provide a justification for Korean history's heteronomy and its transition to imperialism, while industry-related illustrations have Japanese students aware of the legitimacy of exploitation and Japan's buoyancy augmented through colonial management. The lifestyle and customs of the localized Korean commoners are expanding and reproducing their pre-modern images and typing them into objects that need to be civilized. By the 1940s, it was reflected in the demands for “Korea and Japan are One” and preparing for the Pacific War. In this study, illustrations were considered by dividing them into historical, urban, economic, natural and cultural factors according to the subject, but apart from classifications according to the subject, Korea was represented for the ultimate purpose of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. And it emerged in the same context, not separating primary and middle school textbooks.

This qualitative research focused on exploring Muslim immigrant parents’ early childhood education and care (ECEC) experiences, including the challenges they face before, during, and after they enroll their children in childcare settings. For the purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 5 Muslim immigrant families including both parents. Using inductive thematic analysis, 5 themes were identified: pursuing ECEC, considerations while selecting the ECEC setting, experiences with ECEC settings, value of ECEC, and religious dilemmas and discrepancies. Results are as follows. First, the first theme was identified as pursuing ECEC which focused on difficulties in the process of deciding the proper type of institution. Second, the theme is related to the consideration in selecting the appropriate ECEC setting for their children. Third, the theme is about the experiences while using ECEC services, indicating the difficulties in communication and interaction between parents and teachers. Fourth, the theme was identified as relating to the value of ECEC including positive and negative aspects. The specific contents were classified into the beneficial factors to the child, negative effects, and the parent participation. The fifth them was about cultural and religious dilemmas and discrepancies which parents experienced while using the ECEC services. Based on the results, implications were discussed for future research related to the provision of appropriate early childhood and care service for the Muslim families and their children. Recommendations were also suggested to practitioners who are associated to the multicultural education including teachers, administrators, and educators to support children with diverse religious and cultural background.

Mukbang(internet based food eating shows) is an international cultural phenomenon being produced by 20s youths in Korea and China in a transformed media environment. While there are social concerns about the negative impact of watching mukbang shows can have on young users, such concerns may overlook the users' ability to manipulate media use in their daily lives. Therefore, the researchers studied 208 Korean and Chinese university students who watch mukbang shows and analyzed the variables that affect their perception, with research questions: (1) what are their motives for watching mukbang shows and watching pattern of mukbang shows, and (2) how negatively does mukbang shows affect their daily lives; studies, relationships with people around them, and living habits. According to the analysis for (1) above, the Korean university students expressed six motivational variables; replacement of offline communication, vicarious satisfaction, pursuit of online communication, information, habits, and entertainment as motivations accounting for watching of mukbang shows. While for Chinese university students, four motivational variables; utilization for online communication, informative vicarious satisfaction, entertainment and habit accounts for their watching of mukbang shows. For both Korean and Chinese university students, the extent of watching is small, and the use binge-watching and interaction was normal, however, the Chinese university students were more active in this than the Korean students. For (2) above, both Korean and Chinese university students thought that eating shows have a small negative effect on their daily lives. However, whereas for the Korean students if replacement of offline communication increases, they consider this a substantial negative effect of watching mukbang shows on their daily lives, while for the Chinese student if utilization for online communication increases, they consider this a substantial negative effect of watching mukbang shows on their daily lives. This suggests that the more college students consider mukbang shows as a substitute for real communication, the more negative effect it has on their capacity to deal with the challenges in daily life.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of employment stability, compensation fairness, participation opportunities, and peer relationships on job satisfaction, which are factors of employment relationship characteristics, among others, for workers with experience in career interruption discussed as a special environment of Korean society, and to obtain effective results from Korea's career interrupted woman employment creation policy. An analysis of 261 samples nationwide confirmed that employment stability, compensation fairness and peer relationships among the factors of employment relationship characteristics have a positive effect on job satisfaction for workers with experience in career interruption. This can be thought that a worker with experience in career interruption is often forced to endure the pain of re-use and to work hard, so that the stability of employment is taken more seriously, and that the anxiety that compensation will not be achieved equally because of the career break period is placing a greater psychological burden on her. Particularly well integrated into the personal and intimate with my colleagues in her career can see that the most important idea. At a time when policies on female workers are pouring in, employment policies of job seekers and general job seekers with career breaks should be differentiated. Korea is pushing for various measures to use women's human resources, but the situation has not improved much with much experience in career interruption. More in-depth analysis and active implementation of relevant alternative policies will be required.

This paper aims to analyze the idiom phrases, which includes ‘如’, ‘若’ and ‘似’ contained in “ZHONGHUA CHENGYU DA CIDIAN,” and to find the features and meanings of the structure of the idiom phrases. Based on the semantic characteristics of auxiliary concept, this paper suggests the educational proposal of metaphor idioms. There are four types of metaphor idioms: ‘如/若/似○○○’, ‘如/若/似○如/若/似○’, ‘○如/若/似○○’, ‘○如/若/如○○’. Among them, the largest number of idiom phrases, which include ‘如’ in quantity, followed by ‘若’ and ‘似’ Although the structure was largely similar in size, Among the idiom phrases studied, fire and water were the most common auxiliary concepts. Various meanings of ‘流 (flow)’ and ‘水(water)’ were combined to present educational methods. And Various images of ‘山(mountain)’ were found in Chinese idioms. ‘流’ is the original meaning of ‘flow’, and used in Chinese idioms as ‘be agile’, ‘be fast’, ‘go on and on’ and ‘be fluent, etc’. And the images that ‘山(mountain)’ appears through Chinese idioms include ‘be large’, ‘be big’, ‘be deep’, ‘not moving’ and ‘be unchangeable’, etc. Chinese idioms education is not simply conveying meaning, but it is important to get to know meaning together through the method of association and conjecture. To reduce the burden on learning, learners should have a better understanding of the meaning of the idiom phrases. An understanding of the Chinese idioms will have to precede various cultural implications implied in the Idioms. In addition, various attempts are needed to incorporate the results of theoretical research in Chinese Idioms education into actual education. I will continue to study the Chinese Idioms for effective learning, and. I hope that this study will lead to a lot of research on the educational Chinese Idioms.

Traditional Poetry experienced two major stylistic transformations in the Song Dynasty. The feminine style was replaced with a masculine style during Sudongpo's age, followed by an elegant style in Southern Song Dynasty during JianKui's period. JiangKui(姜夔) was a representative poet of Southern Song Dynasty. The characteristic of his poetic style was elegance and purity. His superior skills were capable of transforming love poems that could easily seem vulgar into a sophisticated piece of art work. This paper examines how JiangKui's style was manifested in his poetry. First of all, he started his literary pieces with an introductory section that portrayed an elegant touch. In most of his work, the initial part of the poetry illustrates the background of the creation of the verse and the writer's impressions. The lengthy and beautifully composed introductions contributed to enhancing the exquisite style of the overall work. These openings consisted of more than 100 characters and were comparable to essays of refined style. Second, JiangKui's description of objects added grace to his love poems. Rather than directly reflecting his emotions in verse, he opted for metaphoric expressions that referred to natural features such as apricot blossoms, a willow tree, or a lotus. These mechanisms allowed his literary work to reach a higher level of sophistication. According to the analysis of this paper, half of JiangKui's poetry relied on this method of object depiction to express affection. There are also poems that relied on dreams or the Korean lute to communicate the poet's impression. As such, the introductory sections and metaphorical depictions of objects are the main contributors to adding purity and elegance to JiangKui's literary work.

This study mainly focuses on the host discourse, which is an applied study of Chinese language and culture. Culture is an important force for the survival and development of the nation, the core competitiveness of external communication, and the important support of the host's discourse image. The development of China's program hosts has experienced 40 years. The media form has changed greatly from radio to television, and then to new media. In the era of new media, the discourse of host is in the context of global information dissemination, which is bound to be related to the issue of cultural identity. As the professional discourse form of the host, the generation mechanism, communication mechanism and feedback mechanism of the host discourse are in a dynamic harmony. The social role orientation of host discourse is a unique characteristic of host group in social activities, which is irreplaceable. This paper mainly discusses the image of the host's discourse from three aspects: the concept of the host's discourse image, the social role of the host's discourse and the cultural interpretation of the host's discourse image. The connection between the host and the audience is more from the "dialogue" in different time and space: the host disseminates information through discourse, the audience understands information through receiving discourse, and the host completes the advancement of individual sociality. The sociality of the host's discourse image is mainly reflected in three aspects: the host's discourse constructs social and cultural situational identity, the host's discourse embodies the cultural representation of collective memory, and the host's discourse integrates media power and cultural penetration.

Focused on Xue Fu Cheng’s diary and referring to the collection of his literary works, this article reviews how the recognition of maritime defense was developed to the idea of constructing navy after he was dispatched as an ambassador as well as the characteristics of the view of the Western civilization, focused on the fundamental sciences (including marine culture), and the Overseas Chinese Policy and the Abolition of Maritime Trade Ban as a maritime policy. There is almost no report about Xue Fu Cheng’s view on the ocean. The case of Xue Fu Cheng may help to effectively understand the propagation of the Western marine culture to China as well as the modern history of China in later 19th century. Before he was dispatched as an ambassador, Xue Fu Cheng was a typical supporter of the Self-Strengthening (Yangwu) Movement and he even planned the construction of a modern navy. However, as he did not completely give up the traditional view of civilization based on the Central Chinese-Bavarian order, he considered the Westerners as those who should be instructed with the permanent ways of the ancient Chinese saints. He was an expert of the Self-Strengthening (Yangwu) Movement, especially in the ideology of maritime defense, but his assertion for innovation did not reach the level of legal reform yet. During the period of his ambassadorship, he experienced the superior aspects of the Westerners through the long-term observation of the Western world, and eventually modified his evaluation of the Western civilization. His consciousness of maritime defense was specifically developed to the idea of construction navy. For example, he presented four points of coastal defense more specifically than before: building of more batteries, preparing advanced fire arms, pooling human resources, and saving financial resources. Xue Fu Cheng asserted that the overseas Chinese people should be protected through diplomatic routes in the name of the nation by establishing consulates in the countries where Chinese people lived. During his period in office, he completely abolished the Maritime Trade Ban in August 1893 after several times of discussions with the Qing Dynasty’s administration. The Qing Dynasty abolished the Maritime Trade Ban, declared in the early stage of the dynasty, as a result of the change in the political recognition of the changing international environment. From an economic point of view, the abundant assets that the overseas Chinese people had in Southeast Asia could be helpful to the economic development in China. His biggest limit was that, although he positively accepted the material civilization of the Western world, including the warships and cannons, he was reluctant to accept the Western ideologies and cultures, whether they were religions or philosophies.

China is the world's most populous country. The surge in the Chinese population was largely influenced by “Mao, Zedong”, but “Deng, Xiaoping” started to implement a thorough birth control policy followed by the destitution of economic situation due to the Great Leap Forward Movement and the Cultural Revolution. The overly strict birth control policy, however, has caused some side effects such as a rapid decrease in the productive population and an increase in the elderly population. Therefore, the Chinese government has been reshuffling its population policy in recent years. Meanwhile, in the early days of China's decentralization reform, a contractual relationship was formed between the central and local governments through their consultation and compromise. Thus, the central government allowed local governments to contribute to China's economic growth along with the development of the region without major conflict and confrontation. However, China has attempted to shift its development paradigm from focusing solely on “quantitative expansion” to “qualitative growth” since the opening of the twentieth century. In this process, the central government expressed its intention of “policy normalization” to distinguish clearer authority and responsibilities than in the past in establishing relations with local governments. The local governments, on the other hand, faced the dilemma of having to maintain or accelerate the development of the region by complying with the central norms while still expanding the autonomy of decentralization even further than before. As a result, the local governments are not satisfied with their role as a mere agent of policy implementation, and have revealed their purpose of being an active player of action more strongly than in the past. Thereby, the local governments tried to cope with central government policies strategically in order to recognize the interests of the regions as the top priority, and actively pursued the development of the local community. Given these circumstances, this study focused on how China’s local governments respond strategically to limited human resources to maintain their economic vitality and what the fundamental causes are in the process of China’s population structure changes.

Based on the basic sentence pattern “NP1 + Dui + NP2 + VP / AP” of “对”, this paper studies the influence of four senses of Preposition “对” on the choice of words and phrases of sentence components “NP1, NP2, VP, AP”. It has been proved that there are various characteristics of “NP, VP, AP” involved in the components of “对” sentences, which have not been paid attention to in the past teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Korean students do not know these differences, which leads to the output of wrong sentences. Through the further study of the Semantic Connotation of “对” sentences, we find that “对” sentences follow the principles of “semantic consistency” and “life hierarchy”. Using these two principles, Korean students can monitor their language output and reduce the occurrence of wrong sentences when they output “对” sentences. The high usage rate of “对” sentences among Chinese native speakers and foreign students not only explains the importance of “对” sentences, but also reminds us of the need to explore more scientific and reasonable “对” sentences. The existing researches on the errors of “对” sentences not only focus on the preposition “对”, but also simply sum up the types of errors as “omission, addition by mistake, mix / misuse and wrong order”, which do not completely solve the problems of “对” sentences. On the basis of the existing research results, the author uses the real corpus of Korean students to investigate the wrong types of “对” sentences in detail, which makes the relationship between the characteristics of “对” sentences and the causes of errors clearer.

Driven by the sharing economy boom, with the increasingly mature mobile terminal market, the combination of mobile communication and the internet has given birth to many new knowledge payment platforms. Knowledge payment platform has formed a new knowledge transaction method with its unique way of knowledge production and huge knowledge demand of users. The knowledge payment platform is the core of knowledge payment, but it is still in the initial stage of development. As an early explorer in the industry, "Zaihang yidian" has been exploring a new mode of voice payment, which is representative in the field of knowledge payment. Therefore, based on the concept of "paying for knowledge ", this paper firstly explores the development process and categories of the paid Q&A platform. Secondly, based on the 4P theory, this paper analyzes the content marketing strategy of the "Zaihang yidian" paid voice Q & A platform. Thirdly, conducts an in-depth analysis of the difficulties faced by the pay Q & A platform of " Zaihang yidian", such as ephemeral star effect，the classification method is not reasonable, 60 seconds paid Q & A has become a short board for development, fragmented knowledge is difficult to precipitate, voice content supervision is absent, etc. Finally, this paper tries to put forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of establishing screening mechanism, establishing evaluation mechanism, strengthening supervision mechanism and improving service mechanism.

This study analyzes the examples of which “君” was used as an honorific title with names, and examines its characteristic of ancient pronunciation in Nihonshoki's Korea-related articles. The usage of “君” was quite limited, and most of them were used for the king and the royal family of Baekje. For some untypical cases, “君” was used after the names of various countries of MimanaKara meaning that the person is the sovereign of his or her country. In actuality, “君” appears a lot in the articles quoting the Baekje History Archives and also in the quotes made in Nihonseiki, written by Dohyun (aka. Doken), the monk of Koguryo; here, the compatible usage of “君” and “王 (or “王子”)” for the same person was very common. On the other hand, the “君” which was used with the names of several countries of MimanaKara has a distinct example of mixed use with Kanki (“旱岐”), the One Rank title of Silla, showing that “君” means “the ruler”. Also, the person who was sent to Japan on the behalf of the Baekje's royal family had “君” after his or her name; however, it was omitted in the sentence when clarifying that the person was not the actual royal family. Afterwards, the article instead wrote Kouhai (“甲背”) for the person's honorific title, showing that “君” was mainly used for the king and the royal family of Baekje. Furthermore, this paper explores the ancient pronunciation of “君” for the Korea-related appellation written on the old copy of Nihonshoki. “コキシ(kokiʃi)”, “キシ(kiʃi)”, and “セシ (ʃeʃi)”, “セシム(ʃeʃimu)” were the written pronunciations for “君”, but some parts of the copy read it as “キミ(kimi)”. The former pronunciations came from the ancient Korean words: “王”(king), “王子”(prince), “大王”(great king), “主”(sovereign), and “主君”(lord); the differences between the pronunciations seems to be influenced by the remains of phonologic changes which occurred going through the ages. Moreover, “キミ(kimi)” has some examples of being tagged after the names of Japanese officials; nevertheless, depending on which copy to refer, the honorific title after the Korean-related appellation was pronounced as “キシ(kiʃi)”—which the Japanese pronunciation for “君(kimi)” appears to be mispresented for.

The objective of this research is to study the view of family in Miyazaki Hayao's “Nausicaa of the valley of the wind”. The research is divided into 4 parts: 1. discussions on the historical background of the movie and the director's personal experiences, 2. study on the structure of the movie, highlighting its turning points and story line, 3. derivation and summary of the main subject of the movie, 4. study on the family values of the movie. In 1984, Japan was the world's second-largest economy. On the other hand, due to environmental pollution and economic decline by oil shocks, Japan faced the limits of industrial and economic development. And Japanese lived in the threat of the Cold War. And Since the 1980s, the unmarried rate has soared, and various other family forms such as single generation, couple-only generation, and single-parent generation maifested. So complex families and nuclear families, and defamilies were mixed in Japan then. As a result of analyzing the development and the turning point of the story, when Nausicaa became independent from her parents who were in conflict with her and realized her belief, she was able to revive and find her identity. So, it is the theme of the movie that she found her identity when she was independent from her parents entirely and practiced her beliefs. In the movie, Miyazaki agreed to defamilialozing that had new paradigm at that time in Japan. Nausicaa was cut off from her family and made her extended family. She established herself on the basis of her extended family. Finally, it was concluded that the pseudo-oriented view of family led to the nature worship view of family, and furthermore led to the view of family based on the establishment of the individual.

Japan's defense industry was limited to selling only in narrow domestic markets after World War II. Nevertheless, the Japanese defense industry has continued to grow in both qualitative and quantitative sides. In order to effectively utilize the limited industrial structure and limited research budget of Japan's defense industry, spin-on and spin-off effect is highly needed. To examine the spin-on and spin-off effect, it is necessary to examine in detail how the defense companies produce both civilian and military products at the same time. This study examines the linkage between the Japanese military industry and the private industry, in particular the spin-on-off effect, and then examines the Sumitomo Precision Products(Co., Ltd.) which produces both civilian and military products in Japan. The study was conducted in parallel with the survey and interview. As a result, This paper found that the pure cycle of spin-on and spin-off effect is an important factor in achieving innovation in technology and economic performance. Sumitomo Precision Products emphasizes the importance of the company's internal research achievements in the aircraft industry and aerospace industry. In particular, it is effectively producing the spin-on-spin-off effect that occurs in the mixed production of military and civilian products. As the interoperability between defense and civilian technologies increases, the ripple effect of technology through the mutual use of defense and civilian technologies . Sumitomo Precision Products is a company that conducts R&D investments related to advanced technology to meet the strict technical requirements of military products, while also producing private products and efficiently diversifying management. There are many suggestions for us to pursue both the advancement of the defense industry and the economic effects of corporations with limited resources.

- Research is needed to shed light on the history of Koreans in Japan. So far, the overall research has been done enough. However, it can be said that there is little research on one area. - This time, I would like to consider what activities, especially the ways in which Fukuoka’s Korean-Japanese, who were closest to Busan and originated in Japan settled in japan and - This time, I would like to consider the activities of the Korean-Japanese in Fukuoka, where the return ship departed, in particular, how they settled in Japan, and what efforts they made to survive in Japan. - In order to do so, 1) strengthen solidarity and advocate rights in Japanese society 2) cooperation with the community 3) Linkage with the home country 4) Consider what activities have been done to improve bilateral relations. Fukuoka Prefecture’s Mindan members have made their own efforts to survive in Japan, they examined what discrimination they had made against foreigners in Japan, and what activities was done by Korean permanent residents to defend their rights. The study also examined how to connect with the residents of the community as members of Japanese society and various of aspects of what exchanges and activities of the nation as citizens were concerned about their home country. In addition, What efforts have been made to improve the relationship between Korea and Japan. Although there were many mentions of activities linked to activities at the Central Headquarters of Mindan, there was little analysis and research on the activities of the local civil complex. So, it is believed that the 70 years history of activities in Fukuoka province has been somewhat clear. Finally, I want to consider what the challenges left of the Mindan are. Mindan has gradually reduced the number of permanent residents, and many people take Japanese citizenship by marriage or naturalization. Koreans in Japan are also moving to 3 and 4 years old. In this situation, Mindan also considered what it should look like.

This research traces the root and background of a discourse that conflates “comfort women” with sex workers and/ or Japanese Prostitutes(醜業婦,fallen women) back to the history of Japanese women's movement. Drawing from The Complete Works of Hiratsuka Raicho, this research focuses on the case of maternal feminism and related discourses of sexuality which was founded by Hiratsuka, a symbolic and representative figure of Japanese women’s movement. This research finds that the discourse of sexuality which was constructed by Hiratsuka’s maternal feminism entailed discursive suturing of internally contradictory values. To put it in other terms, though Hiratsuka did not acknowledge human rights for sex workers, she at the same time retained moralistic paradigm that perceived sex workers as ‘trouble makers’. In so doing, Hiratsuka also put sex workers back into the stigmatized cateory of ‘fallen women’. The basic assumption that underlies Hiratsuka’s understanding of sex workers was that they were ‘the enemy of maternity, a venereal disease’, those who spoiled maternity and family. Accordingly, Hiratsuka highlighted the tragic calamity that a series of wars and venereal diseases inflicted upon maternity, family, children and race. This also led Hiratsuka to practically undo the difference between ‘comfort women’ who were from the Japanese occupied colonies and other Asian countries, those who were forced into this position, and other sex workers who worked in the Japanese state-regulated-brothel. Hiratsuka’s maternal feminism and her understanding of prostitution has resonated to the Japanese women’s movement of the 1990s and after,as it has been divided over the issue of ‘comfort women’. While some assumed progressive stance and others took conservative-right-wing position, the rest simply remained silent.

Hagi is a famous pottery village in Japan. The pottery there is known to have been developed by a Joseon potter. The study of the pottery has been conducted in three directions. The first is to find out how the pottery began in the early days of the Edo period after the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, and how it developed. The second is whether the renovation of the ceramic start-up was made by Lee Jak-Kwang or Lee Kyung. The third is to find out where the two are from. The study looked at the controversy being discussed recently and where they came from. Hagi pottery is know to have started by Lee, Jak Kwang and Lee, Kyung brothers. If anyone was to be picked as an originator, it would be Lee, Jak Kwang considering that he quickly settled down in Hagi, invited Lee, Kyung, and a person in charge of Hagi pottery always has been his descendant. Also, they are not full brothers, and Lee, Jak Kwang visited Japan during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and Lee, Kyung visited Japan during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1597. Thus they were not from the same hometown. There is a high possibility that Lee, Jak Kwang is from Kyungbuk inland region as Gimcheon, Seongju, Seonsan including Gimhae, the activity area of Mori Terumoto who kidnapped him, Lee, Kyung is the same as Gaejo Sonkai of Aganoyaki, and there is a high possibility that he is from Sachon, Gyeongnam which is assumed to be a hometown of Sonkai considering that shaping method is similar to Sonkai. Even though these two people were not brothers by blood, they treated each other like real brothers. When Lee, Jak Kwang died, leaving behind his son, Lee, Kyung took care of this child, raised him like his biological child, and made him to carry on the family line. As said, Japanese still mistakenly believe that they are brothers up to this day because the two people depended on each other.

This study, based on Ishizuka’s survey (2018), seeks to understand the present situation and causes concerning benefits and issues that exist in a one-semester peer learning class which aims to be a joint study between Japanese and exchange students. The research strategy involved questionnaires and individual surveys. Further, the attitudes of students of 3 countries (Japan, China and Korea) have also been considered. This study has analysed the students’ attitudes and the present situation of peer learning not only through the data of questionnaires, but also through personal surveys by means such as interviews and e-mails, in-class observation and guidance, and comment sheets. The results of the questionnaires essentially confirmed the results of prior research, rather than revealing new facts or point of views. Students who participated in this study displayed relatively high motivation and abilities, and as the lessons were elective, problems regarding the peer learning activities did not occur to a relevant degree. Suggestive comments, such as the conditions of the group activities are “set”, “difficult to alter” and “group activities have a great impact on evaluation”, were obtained from the individual survey. Through this study, it has been confirmed that the factor “members low on motivation to study” is the main cause that leads to negative feelings, and that in addition to motivation to study and evaluation methods, the existence of room for improvement also has great influence. It has been proven that the reason why peer learning collaborative activities fail is that in addition to the same group members’ “motivation” and “non-cooperation”, the effects of “fixedness”, “degree of difficulty of change”, and “influence on evaluation” are significant. As a result, it seems that future challenges will focus on the attitudes of learners in a ‘forced’ situation, and deeper analysis could offer the possibility of exploring issues surrounding peer learning as well as their improvement.

In the era when knowledge is rapidly increasing, it is not the acquisition of knowledge at university, but the use of knowledge to solve problems in complex problem situations and education to cultivate creative thinking skills for the future Would help to prepare. It became clear that no further discussion was necessary. The question then is how will university prepare students through university education? In that context, various teaching methods are presented. As a teacher, I applied the results of cognitive psychology and applied learning-based writing to classes. The learning writing method used by the author took assignments and learning forms for each class. Through the execution of frequent assignments, students can validate their memory by periodically extracting the learning content they have learned, and establish and view withdrawal leads that connect new knowledge with existing knowledge. I was able to do higher accident activities. In addition, the author is focusing on course-centric evaluation centering on general evaluation, focusing on the activity of writing learning linkages away from knowledge education, and this is reflected as an element of grade evaluation. As a result of managing the classes in this way, the participation rate of learning activities in the course has exceeded 90%, the results of the mid-term examination have been greatly improved compared to the previous year, and the attendance rate has also been improved. It was possible to derive a certain change. However, class management up to the mid-term examination is still lecture-centered, and the activity of writing learning is an assignment format, and the burden of excessive feedback on the teacher is deleted. The lack of peer learning activities such as peer review is a problem, and is a limitation of this class. Even after the mid-term examination, the problem was complemented through problem-based learning (PBL). However, if the management of the writing method of learning itself is not conducted to improve the above problems, Yes, this raises the need for further research.

This article aims to find what changes in the agricultural landscape of Manchuria mean. Another purpose of this article is to outline the achievements of existing research and to derive future research tasks from it. In this regard, I took a look at the problem of formation and expansion of cornfields, which can be said to be a key element of rural landscape in northeast China. One of the biggest beneficiaries of the Manchurian development is corn, in some ways considered one of the world's top three food crops along with wheat and rice. The expansion of the cornfield was not a very old phenomenon. During the period of the Republic of China, or Manchuria, the cornfield tends to expand, as pointed out in the previous study, crucially, the expansion of the cornfield seems to have been a phenomenon in the 1950s. Since then, the cornfields have continued to expand. There was a clear commonality during the Manchurian period since the 1930s, when corn cultivation was greatly expanded, and during the People's Republic of China. Manchukuo and Kwantung Army developed and implemented a northern border development plan and a large fortification construction plan. The large-scale reclamation in the People's Republic of China in the 1950s was also a national mobilization. These large-scale development of agricultural land has shown an expansion of the corn zone since the 1950s. The expansion of the cornfield cannot be explained by any single factor, such as climate warming, mechanization or seed improvement. Overall, national intervention in agriculture was a very important factor. Of course, it is necessary to analyze the state's intervention since the 1980s, considering that it has changed from before.