Earticle

The purpose of this paper is to investigate phonological characteristics in Ji-yong Chung's poems on the basis of syllable structure. That is, I divide the syllables of poem into onset, nuclear, and coda, then observe which phonemes are used frequently. The study of Ji-yong Chung's works sufficiently obtains a substantial argument in view of the literary theory. However, it is insufficient for the linguistic method. Poetry is based upon the relationship of similarity among sounds. Sounds perceived as similar to one another create acceptable rhythm pairs. Because sounds are hierarchically arranged in languages, patterns in poetry can reveal the priority order within this hierarchy. So, with respect to the phonological patterns of Korean, I have analyzed all of Ji-yong Chung's works. At last I found the priority order of Ji-yong Chung's poems within sound hierarchy. Most common are syllables with no onset and no coda pairs. With respect to acoustic features, the most frequent syllable utilize the [+sonorant] feature. This pattern remains consistent over time.

The present thesis considered on the Bible motif appeared in 4 articles of short stories that Jang Eung-jin wrote in a period of studying- abroad in Japan. And the present thesis examined features of Jang Eung-jin as a Christian as well as an educator. Jang Eung-jin, who aspired to be a educator since he attends the Tokyo University of Education in Japan, published many education-related compositions to 『Taegeuk Gazette(太極學報)』. And since he returned to Korea in 1909, he teaches at Daeseong School, Hwimun high school, Gyeongseong Public Girls' High School, Gwangjuwook Girls' High School and others, and then he was dead while acting as a principal of Hwimun high school. Jang Eung-jin selected various stories in the Bible as a main motif of his novels, and his main motif according to each works is as follows. He selected ‘Lamb of the God’ comparing to Jesus as a main motif in case of ｢Ardent Loves and Deep Sorrows(多情多恨)｣, and ｢Lair of Devils(魔窟)｣ selected ‘Destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah' as a main motif. And he selected ‘Satan's test on Jesus’ fasting in the wilderness as a main motif in case of ｢Spring Dreams(春夢)｣, and selected the deeds of ‘Judas Iscariot’ as a main motif in case of ｢Confession under the Moon(月下의 自白)｣. The novel of Jang Eung-jin, who selected the accidents in the Bible as a main motif, is showing a possibility of a new form in the Christian literature of the time of modern enlightment.

This is a preliminary study on Bombu Kimjeungsul(凡父 金鼎卨. 1897-1966) who is the eldest brother of Kim Dongli, one of the excellent novelist in Korea. Bombu has come into its own as a man of distinguished thought in Korea. Especially, he have characterized 'Silla(新羅)-Kyongju(慶州)-Hwalang(花郞)' as isolated problems in modern Korea. He is, so to speak, is a pioneer did a full-page advertisement the topic of them. His some career is not clear and little is known about his birth, study, and antecedents. He studied at Toyo(東洋) or Kyoto(京都) University of Japan for a number of years. Return home from his studying Japan, he gave a course in Dongbangsasang Institute, Dasolsa Temple, Gyel]im University etc. Through the course many excellent the intellectuals a participant, as the reigning scholars, politicians and religious person, have a clear recollection of intelligence and mentality of him. After died the trainees of the course mostly he was forgotten in modern history of Korea. Now most people don't keep their memory to Bombu, So, in intellect history of modern Korea, he is buried in oblivion. In this paper, I begin a preliminary discussion mainly, the present situation and an urgent or next problem, on Bombu Kimjeungsu study.

The aim of this paper is to analyse ‘the theory of national ethics(國民倫理論)’ that was Bum-Boo(凡父) Kim, Jeong-Seol(金鼎卨)'s ‘lecture on national ethics(｢國民倫理特講｣)’ and figure it's main idea out through comparing with the ‘charter of national education(國民敎育憲章)’. It was gathered by his students who was given a lecture on national ethics by Bum-Boo in early 1950s. The reason of this lecture was for giving Korean a national standard of behaving(=national ethics, 國民倫理) what we lost during under the rule of Japanese imperialism. In other words, he tired to find our lost national ethics, awake that and find harmony from our ethos. Consequently, he wanted to realize our ethos to Korea, which is a nation state. To know our national ethics, we should look for our ethos. Bum-Boo to put emphasis on Hwalangdo(花郞道, =風流精神). He said it runs in our blood. Therefore, it can be a new standard of national ethics of new age. He found filial piety(孝) which is the core of ‘The harmony(調和)’. It can be widened in Not only Korea but also the world to enter a global society. This thesis shows that what position filial piety had in the idea of Bum-Boo's a theory of national ethics and what influence it had on political powers in 1950's and 1960's. We kept track of these connections to know the circumstances at that time. Bum-Boo, though he was out of political powers, brought the concept of filial piety to take publish sentiment into the right direction and provide the new vision. And through this, he talked about ‘unity’ to be better nation. The theory, however, used a idea for justifying Park, chung-hee administration's policy without his will. reviewing the history of ‘charter of national education(國民敎育憲章)’, we can notice how it was distorted.

Although Keenan Comrie(1977)'s NPAH hypothesis is widely believed to predict the difficulty order of relative clauses(RCs) in SLA, most studies have been conducted on English(& European languages). So this study tests the NPAH's applicability to Korean language acquisition. The analysis of Chinese learners's speech corpus data(Study 1) and sentence combination production test(SCT: Study 2) results revealed that (a) learners used subject(SU) RCs more easier than direct object(DO) or oblique(OBL), (b) learners made strong association between SU and animate head nouns, DO/OBL and inanimate heads in speech corpus, but this tendency was not found on SCT(except SU). This study also dealt with (c) the different effects of formal instruction(PI & MOI), and (d) learners' ability to generalize their relativization knowledge to different types of RCs. Results of SCT revealed that (1) two types of instruction positively affected the rate of acquisition of RCs(PI=MOI). And (2) learners could generalize their relativization knowledge(DO) to another types(SU, OBL) equally.

As cultural content is gaining more and more importance, interest in storytelling is also growing bigger than ever. The same is true in the field of language education. Recently, there have been several studies on 'teaching methods using storytelling techniques' due to the growing interest in storytelling. In these studies, storytelling is interpreted as just using old stories as teaching material or as media education utilizing TV dramas, movies and documentaries. However, such a view of storytelling is too narrow and can't fully capture the educational value of storytelling. Thus, this study adopts a universal structure of storytelling and applies it as a principle in constructing Korean textbooks. This study also presents an example of designing a textbook using the universal structure of storytelling and discusses the implications of storytelling techniques in terms of the coherence and integrity of the textbook contents.

This paper is a follow-up survey concerning the revitalization of the Jeju dialect. The Jeju dialect has declined because of urbanization and changes to the industrial structure. Therefore not only the Jeju dialect but also other local dialects are the same situation. However, Jeju people looked for their identities through their language, in two flows of globalization and localization. The ordinance concerning the dialect preservation was enacted. And various promotion events were held. The cases with the status planning of the Jeju dialect recognize the dialect as a cultural resource. For instance, a dialect poeｍ, a dialect play, a dialect brand name, a dialect speech contest, a dialect advertisement copy, a dialect calligraphy exhibition, and teaching of the dialect, etc. However, it is necessary to maintain its communications function for the preservation of the dialect. For this, the following two measures are necessary. Financial support from public and the establishment of a permanent academy.

This article is focusing on poetries and proses, written by Korean after visiting the shrines of Zhuge Liang(181-234), how the shrines were established, and the present of them. Zhuge Liang was a statesman and a man of resources of the country Shuhan(蜀漢). His trade name is Kongming(孔明), formal name is Wolong(臥龍), and posthumous name is Zhongwu(忠武). Koreans have been known him by texts such as, authorized history of Shanguozi(󰡔三國志󰡕), Wenxian(󰡔文選󰡕), Shanguo yanyi(󰡔三國演義󰡕), and collections of Zhu Xi(朱熹)'s works. At the end of the Chosun Dynasty, folks built shrine Warongmyo(臥龍廟) in Namsan(南山), and shrine Fugundang(府君堂) in Dunjimi(屯芝味), Rongsan(龍山).

The purpose of this study was to examine university students' orientation and attitudes on hospice in order to develop curriculum of death education for university students. The subject of this study were 798 students who are in universities in A city in South Korea. This study found that more than half of the subject did not understand the concept of Hospice and did not have interest in hospice. This study also examined general attitude on hospice and the subject's intent to use hospice for themselves and their parents. In addition, this study found statistical differences on opinions of the subject according to their gender and majors. The result of this study suggests the need for developing educational programs for hospice for university students.

This study aims to present the generation and use of ‘shi-de’ phrase in Mandarin Chinese. After this study took an overview of traditional researches of ‘shi-de’ phrase, it presented how to generate ‘shi-de’ phrase through insertion of ‘shi’ and ‘de’ and movement of an element to be focalized. First, ‘de’ is to be added at the end of the phrase(or sentence) in order to change ‘an event’ to ‘a state of affair’. Second, ‘shi’ is to be put at the front of the phrase(or sentence). Third, an element should be put at the next of ‘shi’ through movement to be focalized. This study also showed how to express a focus in Mandarin Chinese. There are two types of focus. informational focus and contrastive focus. The former is to put an element with new and most important information at the end of the sentence. The latter is to use ‘shi-de’ phrase to put an emphasis on a particular element which is contrasted to other elements. For instance, to focalize ‘Mary’ in ‘Mary drank wine yesterday’, ‘de’ should be put at the end of the sentence and ‘shi’ at the front of the sentence, as in ‘(shi) Mary drank wine yesterday (de)’, in which ‘Mary’ is in the scope of ‘shi’, focus marker. This contrastive focus sentence presupposes ‘X drank wine yesterday and X can be Tom, July, Susan etc’ and means ‘Only Mary rather than the other participants(Tom, July, Susan etc) drank wine yesterday’. In case of focalizing ‘yesterday’, ‘Mary’ should be out of the scope of ‘shi’ and ‘yesterday’ in the scope of ‘shi’ as in ‘Mary (shi) yesterday drank wine (de)’ In conclusion, ‘shi-de’ phrase is composed of the insertion of ‘shi’ and ‘de’ and movement of a particular element to the right side of 'shi' to express a contrastive focus. What is chosen to be focalized is due to the purpose or direction of conversation.

"zheng(正)", "zai(在)", "zhengzai(正在)", three of them are classified as temporal adverbs. they each have their own inherent time characteristics in the internal structure of a situation: "zheng" focuses on punctual time with simultaneity, "zai" focuses on durative time with continuity, "zhengzai" focuses on punctual time with simultaneity and durative time with continuity at the same time. Because of these differences in time characteristics, "zheng", "zai" and "zhengzai" have some different selection restrictions. These selection restrictions are summarized as follows: 1) Combing with verbs, "zai" and "zhengzai" should combine with continuous verbs, but cannot combine with non-continuous verbs, while "zheng" can combine with any verbs relatively freely. 2) Combining with the continuous adverbs and repeated adverbs, "zai" can combine with the continuous adverbs and repeated adverbs without any constraints, while "zheng" and "zhengzai" cannot combine with the continuous adverbs and repeated adverbs. 3) Combining with prepositions "cong(从)", they still have selection restrictions. In other words, "cong" indicates a point on a timeline, which is consistent with time characteristics of "zheng" and "zhengzai", while is not consistent with time characteristics of "zai". Therefore "zheng" and "zhengzai" only combine with "cong".

The ancient cultures of the countries bordering on Western China were influenced by exchange with their neighboring countries in one or some form and developed. It was the very Silk Road that laid the stage for this exchange. The cultural exchange of the Tarim Basin(Xīnjiāng at present) located in the middle region of the Silk Road was vibrant in the Han and Tang dynasties. As the maritime Silk Road began to develop, the oasis(overland)Silk Road began to vanish and accordingly the ancient civilization of the countries bordering on Western China gradually came to disappear into the sand desert. The vestiges of this exchange can be found in pictures or in records. The figures or objects found on the mural painting or excavated remains provide a clue for us to figure out the living cultures of that times. Therefore, they can be said to be the valuable material in the field of the academic research related to the ancient history. The mural paintings in the Kizil stone cave contain Buddhist contents and depict music as the expression of religious faith. For this reason, there are musical instruments seen in the ancient mural paintings and those transformed into several forms in the music of the present Xīnjiāng region converted into Islam. This could be felt in the field study. It is not easy to define their origins though the external appearance of the musical instrument found in the mural painting may be like or unlike the present one. This study attempted to identify the aspect of cultural exchange in Xīnjiāng on the ancient Silk Road based on the outcome of studies conducted by several scholars and this field study in relation to the mural paintings of the Kizil stone cave. This would become the basic work to identify the aspect of exchange in the Korean history of music located on the ancient Silk Road.

The three literatures of this study which developed for Korean, Chinese and Japanese-based dimensions of brand personality and thus, may provide a understanding about for cultural similarities and differences in Korea, China and Japan. First, the similar dimensions found is “Sincerity”(仁) compared with three nations. These similar dimensions are in accordance with “Conservatism”(cultural value), “Agreeableness”(personality trait) and “social need”(need theory). The presence of “Sincerity”(仁) dimension of three national based brand personality may reflect the visibility that obedience, maintaining harmony and interdependence has in Asian cultures. Second, the different dimension found is “Ruggedness” compared with three nations. It was not found “Ruggedness” personality dimension in Korean and Japanese, on the other hand, it was found “勇”(Ruggedness) personality dimension in Chinese. In the view of personality trait big five and need theory, the Chinese has relatively higher value on “social needs” and “masculinity” as compared with Korean and Japanese.

I compared the works of Hagiwara with the works of Cheong ma. The works of Hagiwara are GOIDE's new highway, Walking in a crowd , A travel road, A bamboo, The chair of a park, In the window of a post office, etc. And The works of Cheong ma are People breaking a constellation, A crowd !, A train window, A bamboo, A nostalgia, etc. These works have similarity in the contents and a form of two poets. I think that these works had a influence of Hagiwara. These works appear in the selection of Cheong ma's poem. That is his poem of the early days. This means that Cheong ma's poem of the early days didn't free himself from the influence of Hagiwara.

In this text, it made comparative study mainly of “Shunkinsyo” and “Barbara of the House of Grebe” about the conversion of beauty due to a fire. The talk develops by the envy mind of the earl and the bar rose though “Barbara of the House of Grebe” has treated the transition of destining by the loss of the pretty face. It Sasuke associate. becomes the blind due to a fire of the harp in spring in “Shunkinsyo” however. It both becomes the blind, and I come to be able to feel “Paradise". In addition, Sasuke associate Shunkin looks up as the main, it respects with the master, and it yearns for the pretty face and the genius. The opportunity of undertaking the burn in understanding both works is important, and the relation between the harp and Shyun cannot be disregarded in spring. One person becomes unhappy due to a fire though it is existence with both pretty faces, and another becomes the hero of the story that “Ugliness” changes into “Beauty”. In a word, paradoxical development that “Ugliness” brings “Beauty” in “Shunkin” is seen though it becomes a fire in “Barbara of the House of Grebe” and it becomes unhappy.

Many points of view, the second language of Japanese Grammar acquirement research had approached. But, frankly speaking about Aspect of ｢te-iru｣ ｢te-ita｣ are not vary. This learning study focuses on Japanese learner's language so far, in the Aspect learning study there are many ｢te-iru｣ which is included in ｢te-ita｣ and learning study about ｢te-ita｣ doesn't clear individually. This study focuses on the basic meaning of verbs, and consider acquisition of situation. In this research, Japanese be the second language about a study on ｢te-iru｣ and ｢te-ita｣ for 60 Koreans of Beginners or Intermediate Students that meaning of acquirement situation that I researched as SPSS data. 1.　It is more difficult for Learner to learn movement of continuance than result of 　continuance When you learn the meaning of Aspect ｢te-iru｣ ｢te-ita｣ 2.　It is difficult for Learner to learn continuance than result because of the Tense 3.　It is difficult for Learner to divide among the type of Verbs

In the Edo period, from the 17th century to the 19th century, for about 260 years, Japanese people had to live under the feudal system of the Tokugawas. As there was no war in Japan in those times, the Chounin class throve, their living conditions got better, so various popular cultures became prosperous. Since Japan was a male-dominated society and females were hardly seen in their history, it can be said that the view of Japanese modern times, which, so far, has been researched using males as central figures, has therefore only been half completed. So, researching historical documents to find out Japanese females' interests, thoughts, activities and so on could be a way to understand a new side of Japanese modern society and Japanese females who made up half of the Japanese population. This research focuses especially on <Tabi> of various lives, and shows modern-times females' lives and ideologies as well as females who wrote travel books in such poor times. What did females in the Edo period see and experience in their travels, and how did they change after their travels and lived the rest of their lives? Life of Haikaisi Shokyuni and her book 󰡔Akikazenoki󰡕 is useful to solve these questions. She was born in Kyushu, left her home not to get over confucian ideas and lived a new life with Haikai. She also traveled in Oushou like Matuo Bashou who was a famous poet in Japan.

The finance of Japan's ancient country is based on the real economy paying tax in kind, which the people offer local specialities to the government from each area. The central government redistributes the actual items to the cost of running government offices and the wages of public officials or aristocrats. In this type of economy, the self-reliant handicraftsmen or merchants can hardly keep them alive. Besides, the goods can't be collectivized in bulk by the merchants as well as the money can't be circulated widely as a convenient medium. This means that we should grasp primarily the fiscal structure and national distribution based on it to understand the economy of Japan's ancient country. It is impossible for the nation to share properly as much as necessary very various and massive items which the majority of government offices, officers and aristocrats spend with taxes. Therefore, the dependence on distribution economy is essential to keep the nation's finance which is based on the real economy paying tax in kind. Economically, when we refer to Japan's ancient country, the important thing is to confirm the interface between the real economy and the distribution economy and catch the change from the former to the latter. This study says the correlation between the central finance and the local finance about the fiscal structure of Japan's ancient country. In addition, this examines how to combine the real economy paying tax in kind and distribution economy. Also, this notes a central market and a local market as the link between the two. Furthermore, this makes sure that the nucleus of the nation's economy is transferred to the distribution economy.

The main aim of this study is to clarify the contents and the structure of the image of Japanese people held by Korean university students. In order to ascertain contemporary images of Japanese people correctly and systematically, the survey was conducted in two phases. First, a free response style survey on images of Japanese people was conducted among 527 Korean university students in Korea. Respondents’ reported images of Japanese people were classified into 23 categories. Second, an inventory survey was conducted among 589 Korean university students in Korea. Five factors of the Japanese images were extracted by factor analysis of the data. The findings are as follows. 1) There are five viewpoints ―“invader / ruler”, “person who is principled but solicitous”, “self-depicter”, “person who does not self-disclose”, “hard worker”― at the root of the Japanese images among Korean university students. 2) The image of Japanese people among Korean university students is highly concrete and compound. 3) Awareness of Japanese people among Korean university students is changing from an awareness of them as Japanese citizens to a recognition of Japanese people as communication partners.

In this paper, I investigated the intelligent types of the students of the Japanese literature department(Keimyung University in Korea) by the theory of Multiple Intelligences of Howard Gardner. First, As a whole I investigated that E-intelligence(language intelligence), it is expected to have supremacy intelligence in the students of Japanese literature department, less high than F-intelligence(humanity intelligence). H-intelligence(nature intelligence) was lawest than the other intelligences. Besides, I investigated the types of the each intelligences in the male and female, grades. Second, I also investigated the results of intelligence test of the individual. Thirdly, I suggested how to choose the election of majors in the results of intelligence tests. Finally, I suggested how to do the course guidances and the synergy effects for the students of the Japanese literature department.

Siberian Evenki myth and their religious belief are closely related. As Evenki society system had changed from matriarchal society toward patriarchal society, totemism that consisted of religious superstructure of Evenki matriarchal society was collapsed and shamanism newly appeared. These changes of Evenk society and their religious belief were reflected on Evenki myth. With falling down of totemism, totemic animals which were once worshiped were simply considered as a general, pan-ethnic feature connected with creation. With the appearance of shamanism, totemic animals were descended into an assistance of shaman spirits. Also cosmogany, cosmology and pre-shamanismic ideology were replaced with shamanismic one, or these two ideologies existed in one myth together.