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The War of Imjin developed through water and land. The major wars recorded were 23 wars in the water and 65 wars in the land. The name of these wars was named after the name of the places. Battle was named for the great success of its scale and characteristics. Generally in the War of Imjin, Hansan battle, Jinju battle, and Hangju battle were named as the great 3 battles while Hansan battle, Myungrang battle, and Norang battle as the sea war. However, the naming of battle is not based on the ground of public agreement of historical association of which standard or principle was considered. It needs to be re-establisehd based on the thorough analysis of the scale, process, and meaning of the war. Therefore, the research was focused on the process of how the word of battle was used during the war of Imjin and how the battle could be used for the war of other districts. Especially, the case of Naval Battle of Busan-port was discussed whether it can be named as Busan Battle. So far the research of Naval Battle of Busan-port was not studied enough compared to other naval war during the period of Imjin War. The reoccuring research of Naval War of Busan-port brought up the assessment that the war has a decent reason to be named as Naval Battle of Busan-port. For the research, the name of “Battle” were analysed through the history record and researched which standard or principle were used for the naming. In the center of naval battle, the research investigated the reason of naming of Naval Battle of Busan-port compared the scale and result of the war. It was verified that Naval Battle of Busan-port could be named as the battle after reviewing the report which were stated to Joseon Dynasty court and the War Diary written by Yi Sun-shin and the record of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty.

This article examines the conflict and confrontation caused by the boundary between migrants and indigenous people in a special transnational sea city space in the 1920s and 30s called Old Shanghai, and, on the contrary, the scene of dialogue and reconciliation across those boundaries, and examines the process of Uchiyama Bookstore as a medium and place to establish this relationship. Bookstores that buy and sell knowledge, especially bookstores that specialize in selling Japanese books in Shanghai, showed not only the distribution of books but also the distribution and production of knowledge developed in Shanghai, a sea city, in the 1930s in terms of human networks. It was found that Uchiyama Bookstore and the East Asian intellectual network formed around it in Old Shanghai were still working afterwards. In particular, the traces of exchange between Lu Xun and Uchiyama (bookstore) are still preserved in the background of the space at the time and are recognized as one of Shanghai's modern cultural heritages. Through this, it complements the historical memories of Shanghai people and reminds foreigners, especially Japanese tourists, of those memories. Although not covered enough in this paper, it is necessary to supplement the background of the formation of such a network centered on Uchiyama Bookstore, in other words, the nature of the maritime city of Shanghai at the time, the governance of Shanghai, including settlement, where various people were able to enter and exchange, and the situation of regular routes that were in charge of mobility. Only in this way can we understand the activities of Uchiyama Bookstore in depth under the conditions of Old Shanghai. In the end, the urban space of Shanghai is changing, but the location of the space is being regenerated by people's memories, and this is being implemented under a new urban plan called urban regeneration.

This is a basic study of Busan Water Police Station in modern era. In 1920, the first and only water police station in colonial Joseon was established in Busan. After its establishment in 1920, the Busan Water Police Station survived until 1945, when Japan was defeated. It continued to exist after liberation in 1945, when it escaped from Japanese colonial rule. However, there is a lack of research on the Water Police and the Water Police Station. It is partially covered by studies on modern police history and studies on smuggling Koreans to Japan during the colonial period. The Busan Water Police Station has not been directly researched or studied. During the colonial period of modern Imperial Japan, the police were the organisations that most directly affected people's daily lives. Among these police organisations, the water police had a role in the control and management of the movement of people to and from the imperial homeland and the colony. They also had a role in the defence against pandemic epidemics such as cholera. For this reason, this study will summarise and analyse the basic aspects of when, where, how and why the Water Police Station in Busan was established. These are aspects which have not been the subject of research until now. This study specifically analyses the following aspects of the Busan Water Police Station. The points of analysis are (1) the water police before the establishment of the Busan Water Police, (2) the background of the establishment of the Busan Water Police, (3) the year of the establishment, (4) the place of establishment, (5) the police box and the jurisdiction of the Busan Water Police. It will be a fundamental study of the Water Patrol. It will allow us to understand the governing structure of the Empire of Japan and to understand the negotiations of the maritime cities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the aspects of orthography loanwords in the early Enlightenment age through the analysis of consonant orthography among Western loanwords that appear in ≪Yiyan≫ and the Korean text ≪Ieon≫. For this purpose, the research focused on analyzing the transcription of Western loanwords, which were first phonetically transcribed into Chinese in ≪Yiyan≫ and then transcribed into Korean-style Chinese character sound in the Korean text ≪Ieon≫. As a result, it was found that in ≪Yiyan≫, Western loanwords were transcribed differently from the original pronunciation due to the syllabic rules and constraints of the Chinese language. In the Korean text ≪Ieon≫, due to the characteristic of indirectly transcribing the Chinese characters from ≪Yiyan≫ into Korean-style Chinese character sound, the plosives /b, d, g, k, t, p/ were not marked as tense sounds in either word-initial, word-middle, or word-final terms, and were written more as plain sounds than aspirated sounds. Consonants that are not used today were not used to write the fricatives /s, ?, h, z, v, ?/ or the fricatives /?/, but they were mainly written in a different way from the current orthography of loanwords. The transcription of nasal sounds /m, n, ŋ/ or voice sounds /r, l/ was written in a relatively similar manner to the current orthography of loanwords system. This study has limitations in that the Western loanwords appearing in the Korean text ≪Ieon≫ are ‘indirect transcriptions.’ To closely understand the specific aspects of loanword orthography in the early age of enlightenment, follow-up research is needed to compare and contrast how Western loanwords were transcribed in other texts from the same period when the Korean text ≪Ieon≫ was published.

In this paper, starting with cases where “sushi” is used instead of “cho-bap” in Korea, various examples of Japanese food names being used were extracted and analyzed from newspaper articles. Twelve Japanese food-related terms, which were selected from these articles, were examined for their occurrences over a 34-year period, from 1990 to 2023. The analysis is summarized as follows. First, twelve Japanese food names that have been introduced into Korean society and extracted for analysis are sushi, ramen, okonomiyaki, onigiri, udon, sashimi, misosiru, sukiyaki, yakiniku, takoyaki, donburi, and soba. Second, an examination of the annual occurrence totals from 1990 to 2023 reveals a continuous upward trend from 1990 to 2005. Although there was a slight decrease in 2006, there was a sharp upward trend from 2007 to 2013. Thereafter, a downward trend was observed until 2020, but from 2020 onwards, the frequency of occurrences increased again. Third, Japanese food names introduced into Korean society can be broadly classified into two categories: those with a corresponding Korean purified term and those without. However, even when a purified term exists, it was found that some of these terms are not easily recognized as referring to the same food as the Japanese food name. Fourth, examining the social background of the increase in Japanese food names, it was found that factors included the increase in the number of Japanese food specialty stores in Korea, the launch of related products, and political and cultural exchange events between Korea and Japan. This paper examines cases where Japanese food names have been introduced, used, and popularized in Korea, focusing on newspaper articles from 1990 to 2023. In the era of globalization, the process of linguistic contact and borrowing is a natural phenomenon. Some foreign words introduced through various channels become assimilated into the native vocabulary, while others do not. It is necessary to propose standardized assimilated terms that are widely accepted by the public and can be practically adopted in daily use.

This study aims to present a class plan for convergence of Korean and Chinese cultural contents using the Tandem teaching method. Amid the recent emphasis on interdisciplinary convergence in university education, this study designed a teaching model that can understand and analyze cultural contents in a historical context through interdisciplinary convergence between the Chinese Language and Literature Department and the Korean History Department. As a research method, the class was structured based on ADDIE (analysis-design- development-execution-evaluation), a systematic instructional design model, and five major instructional elements were proposed based on reciprocity and autonomy, which are the core principles of the Tandem teaching method. In this process, this study attempted to build a learning environment that transcends the constraints of time and space by using the SPOT metaverse platform as an edutech tool. The main characteristics of the teaching model proposed in this study are as follows. First, it aims to improve self-directed learning ability and mutual language and culture understanding among Korean and Chinese learners. This is the result of applying the core principles of the Tandem teaching method to the actual educational field. Second, the metaverse platform is used to improve the learning and collaboration ability in a virtual environment. This is an innovative attempt to respond to the change in the educational paradigm in the era of the 4th industrial revolution. Third, it deepens the understanding of the historical context of cultural contents through the convergence of Chinese literature and Korean history. Through this, learners can view cultural contents from a diachronic perspective rather than a fragmentary perspective. Through this teaching model, it is expected to achieve multi-layered learning goals of improving students' language skills, enhancing cultural sensitivity, cultivating historical insights, and cultivating convergent thinking skills. In particular, this model is thought to provide learners with a more integrated and in-depth learning experience by organically linking language education, cultural education, and history education. The significance of this study is that it presented a new cultural content education model that combines tandem teaching method, interdisciplinary convergence, and edutech. This has important academic and practical implications in that it provides an educational framework that can cultivate complex competencies required in a rapidly changing global educational environment beyond simple methodological innovation.

This paper presents a new interpretation of “Gimhyeongamho” through the symbols of language and the symbolism of yin-yang and the five elements (Wu Xing). To achieve this, the content of “Gimhyeongamho” was examined through the binary oppositions of presence and absence of change, and presence and absence of fruition. Through this binary structure, it was confirmed that while a life of repetitive routine does not bring about change or yield any fruits, making changes through self-reflection and a resolute will for self-healing can create new outcomes. These changes are attributed to the dynamism of yin and yang present in all things. The dynamism of yin and yang is expressed through the five elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water, which bring about the cycle of growth, prosperity, decline, and dormancy in nature. This cycle is the mode of existence for all beings. These changes are not merely blind repetitive movements, but the result of constant internal dynamism. In “Gimhyeongamho,” the wood movement corresponds to the act of circumambulating the pagoda at Heungnyun Temple, the meeting of Kim Hyeon and the maiden tiger, and the presence of the full moon. The fire movement is represented by Kim Hyeon's visit to the maiden tiger's home and receiving the heavenly mandate. The earth movement includes the maiden tiger deciding to die upon receiving the heavenly mandate. The metal movement corresponds to the maiden tiger taking her own life with Kim Hyeon's sword, and the water movement is symbolized by the sound of the conch and trumpet at Heungnyun Temple and the writing of the text “Nonhorim” by Kim Hyeon. These changes are driven by the life force that seeks to preserve itself, but they extend beyond mere self-healing and preservation, leading to a transformative force that influences the entire interconnected system, fostering mutual survival. The force that enables such mutual survival is the energy of mutual overcoming, or “sanggeuk.” The maiden tiger chose to change in order to live her life, and this change not only transformed herself but also the world around her. Additionally, through the resolution and action to overcome herself, she saved the world and herself. The perspective of the maiden tiger resides in the principles of the universe and the realm of truth. This truth is the constant cycle of life, and the interplay of mutual survival and mutual overcoming.

This study explores the archetypes and roots of the nation through the comparative literature research method, focusing on the novels of Han SeungWon and Han ShaoGong, and compares and analyzes how a critical consciousness of modern civilization is concretely manifested. Both Han SeungWon and Han ShaoGong carry the issues of “tradition and modernity,” “tradition and national subjectivity,” and attempt to observe national culture anew and seek a balance between modernity and tradition. Both authors, based on the reality of the spread of modern rational thought and the revival of national tradition, regenerate mythic thinking and recognize the modern value of shamanism as a common point of national spirit and roots. The difference lies in that Han SeungWon evokes a healthy vitality originating from national myths, while Han ShaoGong evokes a morbid vitality. Furthermore, Han SeungWon internalizes the value of shamanism as a national spiritual value by setting the elements within shamanism as a device of localism. On the other hand, Han ShaoGong attempts to enter the shamanic space to find and regress to the roots of the nation, but ultimately fails to find spiritual solace in the shamanic space created by himself, and instead observes with a detached and cold perspective. Through this study, it is expected to provide new interpretations and research directions for East Asian literary studies, to achieve a deep understanding of Eastern thinking methods, mysterious culture, and the spirit of shamanism, and it also has significance in exploring the shared experiences of Eastern countries in the process of embracing modern civilization and scientific technology.

It is a study of how modern people accepted cultures introduced from the West and how the experiences of that time influenced us today. We examined through newspaper advertisements and magazine articles how changes in perception of time, a new concept introduced through the modern West, and compressed changes in space due to urbanization have changed the cultural landscape of our society. Throughout society, a variety of sensory experiences from the modern era have spread, and these sensory elements have become entrenched in our daily lives in a commercial and cultural context. Industrialization enabled large-scale production and distribution, and through this, products that provided a variety of sensory experiences were distributed in the market. The emergence of department stores and markets in the modern era provided consumers with direct access to new perfumes, food, beverages, and textiles, through which they could experience various sensory experiences such as smell, taste, and touch. This confirmed that modernity was not unilaterally transplanted into us, but rather accepted as a result of negotiations with traditional society and compensation for cultural delays. In modern times, the emergence of consumer power as a new class of the masses has promoted the process of commercializing sensory experiences, and the texture, taste, smell, and sound of products have become important selection criteria for consumers. With the development of new media technologies such as phonograph, radio, and movie, auditory experience has spread to the public. In addition, the spread of fashion, perfume, and beauty products has contributed to forming a popular culture that emphasizes the sense of smell and tactile experience.

the ancient Silla-Japan diplomatic route, was established in three major stages. The first stage was the Silla-Japan diplomatic route connected to the Japanese route during the Na-Je Alliance. The second stage was the Silla-Japan diplomatic route established around 560. After forming a marriage alliance with the country of 伴跛國 in 522, 法興王 supported the 磐井 Rebellion (527-528) in an attempt to weaken 百濟-大和 while fighting with 百濟 over 加耶 諸國. After the suppression of 磐井 Rebellion, the 大和 政權 established the ‘那津 官家’. Around that time, Silla also directly ruled 居漆山國 and built 天馬山 石城 behind 絶影島 and 盃山城, turning the Busan area into a military fortification. In response, 大和 政權 transferred the ‘縣直’ of Tsushima Island’s 志多留 to 佐護 in the late 6th century and used it as a diplomatic forward base or a defense forward base against Silla. Meanwhile, Silla, which annexed 安羅國 around 554, actively negotiated diplomatic relations with 大和 政權 from 560. In the process, 禮部 was established in January of the 8th year of 眞平王(586), and 倭典 was established in February of the 13th year of 眞平王(591). when 禮部 was established, Silla was organizing diplomatic ceremonies, diplomatic routes, diplomatic windows, and entry routes to welcome envoys from 大和 政權. The diplomatic route at that time was the ‘釜山-對馬島 鰐浦/佐護-對馬島 鷄知-壹岐島-九州 大宰府-瀨戶內海-難波津’. The third stage was the Silla-Japan diplomatic route linked to the defense system established by 大和 政權 after the defeat at the Battle of 白村江. Meanwhile, after 對馬島 國府t was relocated to 嚴原 near 大宰府 around 676, 嚴原, the center of 對馬島, became connected to the Silla-Japan diplomatic route. after 676, the route of ‘‘釜山-對馬島 鰐浦/佐護--對馬島 竹敷-對馬島 小船越-對馬島 嚴原-壹岐島 石田村-九州 大宰府-瀨戶內海-難波津’ was the entire diplomatic route between Silla and Japan.

This paper focused on the characteristics of Dongnae Goeupseong Fortress(東萊 古邑城), which played an important role in the military and diplomatic aspects of local governance in the southeastern sea of Silla. Dongnae Goeupseong is a Saturn that is somewhat larger than the scale of 郡 fortress in the coastal region of Gyeongnam built in the 8th and 9th centuries. Through the wells and roof tiles excavated in the municipal survey, it can be seen that before Dongnae Goeupseong was built, there were already authoritative buildings or towns related to the government on the site of Dongnae Goeupseong. At the western end, the highest point inside the Goeupseong Fortress, there are walls and pavilions, which are considered local administrative facilities. Through the change in the location of Maenapgang, which was used for rituals, the administrative district was expanded in the Goryeo Dynasty, and Maenaprye was also incorporated into the administrative district. The river that joins Suyeongman Bay from Danggam-dong through Mangmi Pass passes through Dongnae Goeupseong from east to west, and it is said that it functioned as a canal by adding dredging works, embankment construction, and artificial facilities presumed to be berth facilities at the end of Goryeo. Dongnae Goeupseong was built with stonework on the southeast wall and Saturn on the northwest wall, which increased the defense of the wall and at the same time would have had a tangible effect on foreign envoys by dealing with the water pressure of the river flowing out to the east end. As such, it was confirmed that Dongnae Goeupseong was not only a high-middle-class administrative office, controlled the coast of ancient Busan, and used as a venue for the arrival ceremony of diplomacy with Japan, but also promoted the convenience of logistics movement through the existence of rivers inside Dongnae Goeupseong.

In Korea, it can be said that hot spring therapy, which has been used since ancient times, was used to improve the quality of life through hot spring baths. However, in modern times, there is a big difference in the use of hot spring therapy. The use and purpose of hot spring therapy, the expected efficacy, and effect analysis and research must be a research project that must be continued in the future, but hot spring therapy, which has already been used throughout the history of 1,000 years, has transformed into a bath culture called Seshin. The purpose of this study is to establish it as a type of better quality of life and preventive medical management of public health using hot spring therapy, a natural resource. In previous studies in Korea, hot spring therapy and a survey method of quality of life for actual hot spring facility users have not been seen until now, and research was focused on those who have experienced hot spring sites or those who visited hot spring areas. This study has different characteristics from previous studies in that it investigates the effect of hot spring therapy on health and quality of life by properly supplementing the lack of survey methods at home and abroad, focusing on changes in health conditions and quality of life questions of hot spring facility users. In this study, we tried to find out how the number of hot spring uses affects the quality of life by mediating health conditions. The number of hot spring uses was used as an exogenous variable, and health status and quality of life were used as endogenous variables. Through preliminary analysis, health status was divided into three factors: mental health, physical health, and social health. As a result of the hypothesis verification, the verification of the hypothesis was confirmed that the number of hot spring uses affects mental health, physical health, and social health. In order to apply the use of hot spring and the improvement of health conditions to daily life, it should lead to various studies such as understanding the current status of hot spring water nationwide, analyzing its efficacy, and actively using preventive medicine.

Nouns are generally used in terms, such as subjects and objects, but some words can be used as a function of part of speech that is different from that specified in the dictionary in a sentence. although there is a dictionary definition that a single word has multiple functions in modern Chinese, basically one word tends to belong to one major part of speech. However, in ancient Chinese, some words are temporarily converted into other parts of speech by changing their basic characteristics in certain circumstances rather than being fixed as a certain part of speech. In particular, nouns in ancient Chinese were often used as verbs temporarily in sentences, and could be used directly as predicates without the help of other words. When a word is used as a different part of speech in a sentence, it is often derived with a new meaning that is different from the original meaning, especially if this phenomenon of use of words used in ancient Chinese is not identified, it may be a completely different content when interpreted as the original part of speech or meaning of words used in sentences. In order to solve these errors, it has not yet been clearly organized whether the use of nouns as predicates is a temporary usage or whether the part of speech transition of nouns into verbs has occurred completely. This paper examines the types of verbs in which nouns appear in ancient Chinese are used as predicates and the possible conditions for the verb usage of nouns. In Chapter 2, various examples are provided to explain how nouns are primarily utilized as predicates in Classical Chinese, helping readers to understand specific linguistic phenomena. In Chapter 3, Various grammatical elements, such as the modification of adverbials, the connection of the conjunction ‘而’, the modification of auxiliary verbs, and the formation of ‘subject-object structure’ with nouns and pronouns, are analyzed, allowing for a clearer grasp of the linguistic characteristics of Classical Chinese. The reason why there are many verb uses of nouns in ancient Chinese is considered to be closely related to ancient Chinese language thinking. Therefore, in order to learn ancient Chinese and accurately understand ancient literature, an understanding of these utilization plans must precede, and it is also considered a clear task for accurate understanding, learning, and guidance of modern Chinese.

‘黃’ is a color term used globally, translated as ‘Yellow’ in English and ‘노란색’ in Korean. While the basic meaning of ‘黃’ carries a neutral emotional connotation, an examination of sentences containing ‘黃’ collected from the corpus(CCL) reveals a range of emotional tones, including positive and negative sentiments, in addition to neutral ones. This paper employs SnowNLP, a Python library for Chinese natural language processing(NLP), to conduct a quantitative sentiment analysis of the color term ‘黃’, while simultaneously performing a qualitative analysis of the mechanisms behind its semantic extension from its basic meaning. SnowNLP, utilized for sentiment analysis, is a Python library specifically designed for Chinese natural language processing, capable of performing sentiment analysis on Chinese text. The analysis results show that out of 500 sentences, 176(35.2%) expressed negative sentiment, 274(54.8%) positive sentiment, and 50(10%) neutral sentiment. Shen Jiaxuan (2004:250) noted that language changes not by itself, but through people's use of language. This implies that people reflect, propagate, and utilize their thoughts through language for more effective communication. This study demonstrates the close relationship between language, the tool of communication, and the socio-cultural context in which communication occurs. While ‘黃’ in its basic sense as a color term exhibits neutral emotional connotations, it has acquired both positive and negative meanings in specific social and cultural contexts. In ancient China, it symbolized honor and power, but in modern times, influenced by Western culture, its meaning has extended to include sensational and negative connotations. Beyond these socio-cultural factors, this study also observed semantic extension based on metaphorical meanings.

This paper explains the fourfold assembly, which refers to Buddha's four types of disciples in Chinese Buddhist scriptures, namely ‘Biqiu(Bhikshu)’, ‘Biqiuni(Bhikshuni)’, ‘Youposai (Upasaka)’ and ‘Youpoyi(Upasika)’ in relation to Social Deixis. With the introduction of Buddhism into China and the spread of Buddhist scriptures, Buddhist vocabulary became established in the Chinese language, significantly influencing the vocabulary, sentence structure, and grammar systems of modern Chinese and Korean. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis, starting from the usage in Chinese Buddhist scriptures translated from the original Sanskrit, to the changes in usage in modern Chinese, and further examines the differences in usage between Chinese and Korean. Through this, it was found that changes occurred not only due to the historical and societal contexts of China but also in the Korean language influenced by Chinese Buddhism. This is because the concept of the fourfold assembly, which originated from the foreign language Sanskrit, was unfamiliar in everyday linguistic environments. Subsequently, words that suited the societies and cultures of the two countries either replaced them or new words were created for universal usage. Social deixis plays a crucial role in forming new social relationships or understanding the social positions, differences, and relationships among conversation participants. It is complex and varies widely across languages. It is a crucial linguistic tool that concretely reflects the society, culture, and structure of a nation or group. Since it is closely related to historical, social, and cultural backgrounds, choosing the right context is essential in linguistic environments. Furthermore, due to its nature as a grammatical component that frequently changes with the overall linguistic environment, the types and usages differ significantly across languages, posing challenges in handling translations. Therefore, incorrect usage of Social Deixis in language exchange between Buddhist communities can cause misunderstandings, necessitating careful attention to its application.

This study aims to address the necessity of improving the educational environment using ICT to overcome the limitations of traditional educational methods and provide learners with more effective and engaging learning experiences. It explores the use of ICT in Chinese language education as a way to offer personalized learning environments tailored to the needs and interests of learners by incorporating modern educational technologies and methodologies. Through this study, the following conclusions were drawn: First, the use of ICT tools can greatly enhance motivation and participation in learning. Various ICT tools, such as multimedia content, game-based learning, and real-time feedback systems, can arouse learners' interest and lead to active participation in learning. This helps learners find learning Chinese more enjoyable and effective. Second, personalized learning becomes possible. Online learning platforms and applications can provide customized learning paths that match the individual levels and learning speeds of learners. This allows learners to perform tasks and access materials tailored to their learning needs, thereby improving learning efficiency. Third, the formation of global learning communities becomes possible. The internet and social networks provide opportunities to interact and collaborate with Chinese language learners worldwide. This can greatly contribute to developing communication skills with people from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. Fourth, self-directed learning abilities can be strengthened. By providing an environment where learners can set their own learning plans and manage their progress through online lectures and learning management systems (LMS), self-directed learning abilities can be cultivated. Fifth, access to various learning materials is improved. Through digital libraries, online lectures, and multimedia content, learners can access a wide range of learning materials anytime and anywhere, broadening and deepening their learning. Sixth, real language use opportunities can be increased. Online video conferencing, social media, and other platforms provide opportunities to experience real language use situations, thereby fostering practical communication skills. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that the use of ICT in Chinese language education is a powerful tool that can overcome the limitations of traditional educational methods and provide learners with more effective and engaging learning experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to actively adopt and develop ICT-based educational methods in line with continuous technological advancements.

This study aimed to examine the trends in Chinese parental education over the past 10 years, from 2013 to 2022, by reviewing 112 academic journal articles on the subject. Major findings were as follows: Yearly Trends: The analysis of academic journal articles concerning Chinese parental education showed an increasing trend in research from 2013 to 2015. The peak occurred in 2018, indicating the most concentrated period of research. Subsequent years, such as 2015 and 2020, also demonstrated substantial research output, accounting for 13.4% and 11.6%, respectively. Target Audience Trends: The investigation of target audiences in Chinese parental education articles revealed a sequence with "Other" (college students, adolescents) receiving the most attention, followed by parents of infants and toddlers, parents of children with disabilities, families with young children, and parents of school-age children. Research Method Trends: Chinese parental education articles primarily used literature reviews as the main research method. And the quantitative research and qualitative research were second to the former research method. Regarding data collection methods, literature review took the lead, with surveys/questionnaires, case studies, and participant observations following it. Content Trends: In terms of research content, the category "Other" in Chinese parental education had the highest proportion. Following this, research focused on parental education awareness and demands, theoretical approaches to parental education, and parental education programs. These trends provided insights into how Chinese parental education research has changed over the last ten years. This study provides fundamental data for research related to parental education in China and suggests directions for future studies.

This study explores the current development trends and characteristics of television media in content production from three dimensions: the impact, application, and risk of AIGC on television content production. The impact of AIGC on television content production is mainly reflected in four dimensions: cost reduction and efficiency increase in television content production, the trend of non-anthropomorphism in television content production, reduced innovation momentum of creators, and greater satisfaction of diversified needs of television or network users. AIGC can observe the “penetration” production application in the television industry from both the front and behind the scenes perspectives. Finally, this article explores how to adapt to the convenient and efficient production capacity brought by AI, and how to apply AI to flexible creation in content production and avoid the risk warning brought by AIGC, in order to develop countermeasures in advance to cope with risks. AIGC, as a new content generation method following PGC and UGC, has broken many orders in the original television content production, including creative subjects, collaboration methods, work efficiency, transmission and reception relationships, and has a significant impact on various aspects of television content production. Faced with the upcoming changes, television media should respond in a timely manner, from understanding the new thing AIGC, to using artificial intelligence related technologies to help themselves overcome the unfavorable factors in current difficulties, and then predicting and avoiding the potential risks that AIGC may bring to television content production, in order to find a path for the orderly development of television media in the new era.

Chinese Buddhism flourished during the Song(宋) Dynasty, surpassing its prominence in the Tang(唐) Dynasty, which led to a rise in the number of monks. A notable calligrapher-monk of this era is Meng Ying(夢英). The primary sources about Meng Ying are poems dedicated to him by contemporary literati, found in The Complete Collection of Song Dynasty Poems(全宋詩), Stele of Eighteen Styles of Seal Script(十八體篆書碑), and Stele of Poems Dedicated to Meng Ying(贈夢英詩碑). This paper examines Meng Ying's life and calligraphy through 57 poems. In these poems, two notable anecdotes are frequently mentioned: the emperor bestowing a purple robe on Meng Ying and his drinking habits. The purple robe anecdote symbolizing the emperor's recognition of Meng Ying's calligraphy achievements and reinforcing his authority. Meng Ying's drinking anecdotes highlight his unconventional character and close relationships with scholars, transcending typical monastic boundaries. These poems fall into two main thematic areas. The first is Praise of Seal Script(篆書). Meng Ying was renowned for his Seal Script, which is prominently emphasized in the poetry. Of the 57 poems, 36 mention Seal Script, placing Meng Ying alongside Li Si(李斯) and Li Yangbing(李陽氷), thus attributing tradition and authority to his work. The second area is the Correlation between Buddhism and Calligraphy. The poems also explore the relationship between Chan(禪) principles and calligraphy, highlighting how calligraphy merges with Chan's aesthetic principles and the shared discipline required for mastering both. In conclusion, comparing Meng Ying with Huai Su(懷素), who shares many similarities. However, while records about Meng Ying have largely disappeared, Huai Su's legacy continued with the Song of Running Script(草書歌) from the Song and Yuan(元) Dynasties to the Qing(清) Dynasty.

This study examines the prevalent use of non-contracted forms in spoken Korean among Zainichi Koreans in Chosen schools in Japan. Focusing on the phenomenon of “written language style in spoken language” noted in previous research, this paper analyzes whether non-contracted forms are indeed frequently used in this community's spoken language, which forms are predominantly used, and the reasons behind this usage. Analysis of data from seven documentaries and seven classroom conversations revealed widespread use of non-contracted forms even in informal settings within this community. Notably, non-contracted forms were particularly prevalent in words such as ‘Maum’ (heart), ‘Ttaymwuney’ (because), and 'Ceyil' (most). The study attributes this linguistic characteristic to several factors: long-standing written language-focused education, limited exchanges with South and North Korea, and the community's unique language inheritance system. This language phenomenon has become a kind of social dialect within the community, distinguishing it from other Korean-Japanese bilingual groups. The paper suggests further research directions, including examining usage differences based on situational formality, analyzing textbooks, and conducting phonological analysis. In conclusion, the study questions the appropriateness of terming this phenomenon as “written language style in spoken language,” given the possibility of community-specific norms for spoken and written language use. It calls for a reconsideration of this terminology and proposes more in-depth investigations into the community's linguistic practices.

This paper aims to explore the practical implementation of business Japanese education tailored for job hunting in Korean universities and to evaluate it through student surveys. As Japanese companies increasingly recruit foreign workers, practical business Japanese skills are essential for Korean students to succeed in job hunting within Japanese companies. This study designed a course incorporating Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) and Collaborative Learning (CL) approaches, focusing on skill development through activities such as creating self-promotion documents and mock interviews. The course was conducted over 15 weeks with bi-weekly sessions, and student responses and comprehension were measured using surveys administered at the beginning and end of the semester. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to assess students' expectations and learning outcomes. Survey results indicated that students showed strong interest in acquiring practical business Japanese skills and found the course content beneficial for their job search preparation. Additionally, many students reported increased confidence in business communication and valued the practical experience gained. The findings of this study suggest a potentially effective approach to designing business Japanese education courses and are expected to contribute to the advancement of Japanese language education in Korea. However, due to the limited duration and sample size, further research is needed to refine the course content and methods for more effective business Japanese education. Future studies should also consider the applicability of these findings in different educational settings.

In this study, I analyzed how the make-up of female gender rules in modern Japan is metaphorized and allerized through the works of female writers. Among them, Toshiko and her works, which created their own writing style in a male-centered literary context, were used as specific texts. In addition, the status of female writers born in modern times and the subject of gender norms were identified. ??Akirame?? is frequently described mainly through Tsumako, a full-time housewife, and Kie, an apprentice geisha. Their desire for beauty is more focused on being aware of the other person (male) who evaluates their beauty rather than self-satisfaction. They are shaped as traditional and passive female figures. On the other hand, Atarashiionna (Tomie, Miwa, etc.), who received modern education and entered public society, emphasized their ability and beauty, so they emerged as independent female figures. On the other hand, the make-up of ??OnnaSakusha?? was something modern 'female writers' did like a military commander. In a male-centered culture, the femininity of makeup was accepted as a survival strategy. As such, ‘makeup’ in Toshiko's literature was recognized as one of the female rules in the modern patriarchal social culture. Toshiko rejected the ‘zoryu’ defined by men. And she referred to herself as a ‘onnnasakusya.’ She transformed the ‘femininity’ defined by men into ‘self-ness.’ In other words, she accepted the femininity represented by makeup as a strategic survival technique in a male-centered culture. It was also expressed as an allegorical device for the traditional female image. It also functions as a social persona to embellish femininity and survive as one's own gender.

The article looks at the thought of Aleksandr Dugin who emerged as a Russian intellectual of Neo-Eurasianism after the collapse of the Soviet Union. At first, Dugin was a geopolitician synthesizing the European tradition of geopolitics and the legacy of Russian classical Eurasianism, and provided a dichotomous framework in which Russia competed with America over international leadership around the world. Secondly, Dugin was a historian who suggested his own peculiar interpretation of Russian turbulent periods, particularly in relation to ‘the rule of Mongol’ and ‘the Time of Trouble’. Thirdly, Dugin proposed Neo-Eurasianism as an alternative ideology of liberalism which America advocated for its Atlanticism and thus should be overcome for a new order. Finally, Dugin established his ideological foundation centering on Russian identity with the influence of Martin Heidegger, German philosopher. According to Dugin, Heidegger’s concept of ‘Dasein’ could be differently transfigured and reinterpreted in the Russian context. To sum up, Dugin’s Eurasianism consisted of vast knowledge of four fields such as geopolitics, Russian history, political thought, and philosophy. However, he became denounced as a far-right political philosopher because he argued for extreme Russian nationalism and exerted political influence during Putin’s regime in the early 2000s. Dugin was also condemned as an extension of European New Right movement due to his theoretical and actual connection with it. Yet his effort for criticism on US-led international order, revelation of hypocrisy of liberalism, and overcoming of European modernity should be appreciated in due manner as it sheds a light on global important questions which remains unsolved till now.