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Digital-food, dionysus commonwealth and institution of revolution Kwon, Juria This paper defines digital-food as social common with free debate of the public based on ‘the common’. The reason why public can fully keep in touch is that the technology of the sense of taste help realizing dionysian trance intensely. Food pornography, the technology of the sense of taste that is giving excitement of martial arts and thrills, consists of common sense and social body without a mouth. While enjoying digital-food, the public becomes one giant body without any realization. Therefore, digital-food is a collective self-sufficient space that is life ran by unity of public and communication. It is commonwealth that forms self-cure dynamics, earns solutions through public communication and reflects internal group without external intervention. This realizes alternative governance that goes beyond public politics. As a result, it actually is a very productive and refined alternative governance in terms of governance without a governor and intention. Sociology of digital-food realizes optimistic secular theology that digital network already implies the motivation of consensus and unity. There is no unjust termination in any case and it proves optimistic vitality that life always renewed only by internal power. This is an alternative to overcoming the limitations of public politics. Rule without a ruler, in the sense that there is no intentional rule of government, it is a very productive and sophisticated alternative. The sociology of digital-food implements optimistic secular theology that digial network already has the moment of sympathy and solidarity. In an case, there is no unjust termination. And it show the optimistic vitality that life is always renewed by the power alone.

Development of Cultural Tourism in Chengdu City, China - Focusing on a Story Tour Related to the Folk Story of ‘Simaxiangru(司馬相如) and Zhuowenjun(卓文君)’ Jiang Wanjing․Lee, Hyun-Song This study surveys the development of cultural tourism in Chengdu City, China in relation to the folk love story of Simaxiangru and Zhuowenjun. Chengdu-city, Linqiong-county, and Qionglai-city in Sichuan Province have many cultural heritage sites related to the folk story. Literature survey and field study confirm that the folk story carries high value in vitalizing the cultural tourism of the region. One of the successful cases is a culture road called Qingtailu in Chengdu-city, which has been build in the Han-dynasty style of architecture and artifact. A Tao shrine of Qingyanglu on the road is an interesting example in which love story and folk religion are well intertwined in visitor’s mind. In contrast, Wenjunjing of Linqiong-county and Pingleiguzhen in Qionglai-city, though implying the most romantic aspect of the folk story, do not offer any romantic image in their current shape. Diverse contents of cultural tourism related to the folk story need to be developed to make visitors to feel the theme of love. Tracking ‘love trail’, watching ‘plays on love,’ playing ‘musical instrument of love,’ trying on ‘traditional costumes and accessories’ on a street restored in the traditional style, appreciating ‘traditional music of love’ at a riverside music park, boarding ‘love boat of escape,’ these are the programs proposed in this research, through which tourists can experience the love story in person. By dint of the romantic atmosphere and experiences tourists could be reminded of their own love in the past and restore love with the accompanied persons participating in the programs together. The authors argue that, when the diverse venues of cultural tourism contents are well organized under a meta-story of love, they could stir up tourists’ emotion effectively, leading to repeated visits.

The Study on the Technical Efficiency of Chinese Cultural Industry Based on Three-stage DEA Model Shi, Huimin․Jeong, Hong-Yul․Jiang, Qiaoyan The cultural industry is not only an important part of one nation’s soft power but also an important measure of the nation's overall national strength. Since the implementation of the reform-based open-door policy by Deng Xiaoping, Chinese economy has grown at a rapid pace. With the growth in national income, the demand for cultural products has also increased. Numerous research studies must be carried out to find ways of promoting the development of cultural industry. This paper can be regarded as one of such efforts. The paper analyzes the technical efficiency of cultural industry of 30 provinces and cities of China in 2014, using the three-stage DEA model. The result shows that the technical efficiency of a number of regions are affected by environmental factors. Specifically, the demand capacity and technological innovation have a positive influence on the development of the industry. However, such factors as financial support from the government, market scale, level of education are shown to have negative effects on the industry. Another result, obtained after removing environmental and random factors from consideration, shows that the relevant technical efficiency of various provinces and cities tends to decrease, which can be mainly attributed to the substantial decrease in scale efficiency. What is obvious from the study results is that there is a wide range of regional gap in the efficiency variable. The western region is more easily affected by the environmental factors than the eastern and central region, and most regions are shown to have high records in the pure efficiency variable. With these contents as the main body of the paper, some proposals on improving the technical efficiency of cultural industry in China are provided in the concluding section.

Research on the National Ideology Guiding in the Reform of Chinese Film System Chen Nan The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes in the interpretation of the Apparels' Idéologiques d'Etat by the Chinese leaders before and after the reform and opening up. What is the impact of changes in national ideology on the reform path of the film industry? How did the state lead the development of the film industry in China's film system reform? The film has always been an important part of the Apparels’ Idéologiques d′Etat, plays an important role in advocating the mainstream ideology of the country and advocating the national image and the mainstream values in China. During the first generation of Chinese leaders, ‘art and politics’ is highly unified, artistic works should express class consciousness. At that time, the film studios subordinated to national cultural management department, film creation should follow the country's indicators and tasks. After reform and opening up, the state put forward the slogan of “highlight the main theme, adhere to the diversity”, the film system reform was put on the agenda. Especially in the 1990s, China began to import foreign “blockbusters”, so that the domestic film market and the international film market converged. In recent years, the domestic film began to increase with foreign and Hong Kong co-production, “Co-film” not only become the main box office in China, part of the film with the Chinese elements also entered the global market, to promote the image of China. In the new century, the fifth generation of Chinese leaders put forward the slogan of “social and economic benefits of unity”, emphasizing the international nature, ideological nature and literary and ornamental in artistic works. Commercial narrative model began to merge into the “main melody” frame. The mainstream of large commercial production which spread of China's mainstream values, praise the social positive energy began to appear.

Entangled Knowledge about ‘Patriarchal Power of Chosǒn Period’ : Critical Review on the Legacy of Colonialism Jung, Ji Young The patriarchal power of family head has been considered as one of the quintessential aspect of pre-modern Chosŏn society in modern Korea. Critical to my argument is a deeper understanding of the ways in which colonial/postcolonial knowledge constitute specific idea about patriarchal power of Chosŏn period. While Korean contemporary scholars have criticized the colonial view of history, their anti-colonial theories used the similar basis of the colonial knowledge on the patriarchy in Chosŏn period. Ironically, the more they attempted to counter the colonial view on the Korea’s history, the more they ended up reinforcing the frame of the knowledge. The postcolonial knowledge was shaped by the intersection of adhesion and antipathy to colonial artifact. So far, the ‘family head’ in Chosǒn has been regarded as the representative of a clan with strong patriarchal authority according rather to the customary than legal code. This study mainly analyzes the existing academic discussions on the power of “family head” in Chosǒn. Then, it attempts to clarify how the state of Chosǒn defined the right and responsibility of the family head/household head by examining Chosǒn's law books, administrational guidelines, and household register. This study aims to de-construct the framework in which the Chosǒn period has been understood by the modern Korean society after the colonial period.

A Study on the Delivery Process of King’s Words in Late joseon Dynasty Shin, Myung-Ho in late joseon dynasty, king’s words were made in order to persuade general people. when king’s words were made, king used to order how to proclaim his words. and king’s order used to be given to king’s secretary. because king’s secretary was in charge in king’s order. usually, king’s secretary accepted a king’s direct order or a king’s indirect order. a king’s direct order was called ha-gyo(下敎). the other hand a king’s indirect order was called jeon-gyo(傳敎), usually, jeon-gyo(傳敎) was delivered by eunuch to a king’s secretary. when king’s secretary accept, wether king’s direct order or a king’s indirect order, a responsible secretary wrote a king’s words by secretary (有旨). and the responsible secretary delivered a king’s words by secretary(有旨) together with king’s words to a province governor. but sometimes king’s order was delivered to cabinet through seong-gyo(承傳) from king’s secretary. when cabinet accept seong-gyo(承傳), cabinet wrote a order by superior boss. the responsible cabinet menber delivered a order by superior boss to a province governor. when a province governor accepted a king’s words by secretary(有旨) together with king’s words, he wrote a order by superior boss to his county governor. and when a county governor accepted a order by superior boss, he wrote a direction by superior boss to his village foremen. when a village foremen accepted a direction by superior boss, finally he proclaimed king’s words to village people.

East Asia Regional Integration and ASEAN : Focused on the history of ASEAN integration and the achievements and limitations of multi-layer cooperation structure Hyun, Min Since the 1990s, Southeast Asian region represented by ASEAN, has emerged as an important region for integration of Asia and the Pacific in the context of the ‘new regionalism’. This paper discusses the achievements and limitations of Southeast Asian regional integration by examining the history of Southeast Asian integration, the multilayered forms of cooperation that are accelerating since the 2000s, and interests of neighboring countries. From the postcolonial period to the Cold War, Southeast Asia formed a divided regional landscape under the influence of US and Japan as well as colonial heritage. In this period, regional cooperation was achieved with the establishment of Japanese production network in this area. Since globalizaion, ASEAN, with its external expansion, starts full-fledged economic cooperation by pursuing growth strategies through attracting foreign capital. After AFTA, ASEAN's economic cooperation and regional integration have been centered on various forms of free trade agreements ranging from individual members' FTAs to Mega-FTAs in 2000s, and then ASEAN has a central position in (East-Asian) regional integration at various levels. However, despite the active movement of Southeast Asian regional integration(regionalism), ‘regionalization’ has not been done well. In addition, as shown in TPP and RCEP, the powers of regional integration around Southeast Asia are superimposed at the global level represented by the United States, the regional level represented by China and Japan, and individual countries within the ASEAN. As a result, there is a possibility that Southeast Asia has a future of fragmented regionalization in the forces of multi - layered hierarchy. In short, ASEAN is relatively vulnerable to creating autonomous space in Southeast Asia and playing a central role in the Asia-Pacific region, although maintaining “ASEAN centrality”, and the future of the regional order surrounding the Asia-Pacific region is still uncertain.

The Weather Trend of Dongnaebu in the Latter Period Joseon Dynasty Park, Hwa-Jin This study focus on the weather trend of Dongnaebu in the Latter Period Joseon Dynasty. The climate change is very important for human daily life and modern business from ancient times up to now. The latter half of the 17 century among Little Ice Age(1300～1850year) were the times of the Great Famine and the crisis by the meteorologist. The most numerously famine of Latter Period Joseon Dynasty were occurred from the latter half of the 17 century to the beginning of the 18 century. The agriculture had the bad year and many people had the wandering life by the Great Famine. Especially Latter period Joseon Dynasty suffered hardships from 1670 to 1720 by the Great Famine. The correlation between weather and famine are necessary to investigate about the living conditions and the regional characteristics from various viewpoints. Therefore I examined concretely the weather and wind direction of Dongnaebu from 1689 to 1710 by Oeguan Guansu Diary, it is useful to know the life environment of Dongnaebu. And then the weather and wind direction in 1710 year were compared between Korea and Japan. As a result, the weather of Dongnaebu Busanpo was very clear and a few rainy to the long drought. The north-east wind and the west wind, the south wind were the main wind directions from 1689 to 1710 year. But the weather of Tsushima was less clear and more rainy than Dongnaebu of Korea, and the main wind directions of Tsushima were the north wind and the west wind, the south wind in 1710 year.

Shen cong-wen and Oceanic culture of Qingdao Ahn, Seung-Woong The main purpose of this research is to clarify that Quingdao’s oceanic culture has had a profound effect on Shen Cong Wen’s novel writing. The summary is as below. First, Qingdao is an ocean resort city which influenced the writing of Shen Cong Wen. The fact that Shen Cong Wen’s health which has deteriorated from his days in Beijing has recovered as well as regaining his peace of mind to focus on his writing has a great deal to do with the fact that Qingdao was an ocean resort city. Second, his experience at Qingdao University has greatly influenced his writing. Shen Cong Wen has not only gained an insight into the inner world of an intellectual during his days at Qingdao University but he also was able to establish his own unique identity through long meditation. Third, Shen Cong Wen took walks by the beach everyday and has thought of and wrote numerous novels. The ocean of Qingdao was one of his sources of inspiration for novel writing. Fourth, the unique female form and life ethics in the novels of Shen Cong Wen has a great deal to do with the symbolism of the ocean which Shen Cong Wen has attained from the beaches of Qingdao. Shen Cong Wen took walks everyday at the beach and quietly stared into the ocean. And through this, he attained the archetypal image of the ocean which the mankind has built through millennia of surviving on the ocean and came to understand its significance.

This article examined the basic meaning, the same meaning, different meaning, some same meaning, of 伉, 對, 敵, 仇, 讎. Lee, Keoung-Suk We analyzed the link between the meaning of these letters. 伉 is the letter used in person names. The origin of this letter is ‘high’. In the sense of being high, to be honest, upright, strong, dignified, upright, arrogant, opponent, equal, equal, etc. On the basis of this, the meaning of the pair and the meaning of the enemy simultaneously existed. The basic meaning of 對 is to answer. In this sense, 對 has been expanded to mean to respond, to counter, to counter, to follow, to fly, to equal, to be equal. This means that both the meaning of a pair and the meaning of an enemy exist simultaneously. The basic meaning of 敵 is resistance. In this sense, the meaning of enemy, attack, and counterattack has expanded. This means that the meaning of pair and enemy exist simultaneously. The basic meaning of 仇 is a good pair, a bad pair. In other words, it means partner, spouse, enemy, enemy. The basic meaning of 讎 is to answer, to answer. In this sense, the meaning of sell, reward, correspondence, adventure has expanded. In this sense, the meaning of contrast, paired, and enemy exist simultaneously. The various meanings of these letters can be understood in more detail through the basic meanings, extended meanings, unique meanings, common meanings of the same, etc. This study can trace the starting point, progress, and development of the meaning of these letters. Through this, we can become more attentive and enriching the discipline of letters. I hope to have a deeper and broader understanding of the literature and vocabulary research. In addition, it will be helpful to use letters and use and expand vocabulary. It will also be of great help in the area of academic studies.

A Contractive Analysis of Comparative Sentence in Modern Korean-Chinese Choi, Jung-Sik In the flow of internationalization, the promotion of political, cultural and social exchanges between nations has achieved many achievements. Since international exchange is based on language, the importance of foreign language education is increasing with internationalization, and interest in effective foreign language learning methods is also increasing. In this trend, Korea and China have been actively exchanging economic, cultural, educational, and political exchanges between the two countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992. At the same time, the demand for Chinese learning by the Chinese is increasing rapidly, and various researches about learning and teaching Korean by Chinese users are increasing rapidly.A comparison is a universal phenomenon that appears in human life in a way that contrasts two or more things or situations. We often use comparative expressions to match two or more things or situations in our daily lives. There is an equality comparison and a differential comparison. In this paper, we have studied the correspondence relation of differential comparative expressions. As a way of expressing them, Chinese expresses comparative expressions through ‘比’ syntax in general. Korean is realized in a wide variety by combining with research, mother language, predicate, adverb. However, most of them use the double comparison study. This article from comparative analogy of the particle to start, the representative Korean metaphor particles “-wa/-gua”, “-boda”, use in Chinese corresponding relationship discussions, semantics, syntax, and Chinese correspondence between levels four were analyzed, and then compared the similarities and differences between the six. Analysis of their similarities and differences, have very important theoretical and practical significance to the study of language and second language learning.

Adverbial Modifier Structure in Western Zhou and Chunqiu Zhanguo Period He Wei․Jang, Tae-Won When analyzed semantically, there are three types of adverbial in the adverbial modifier structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period: restrictive adverbial, descriptive adverbial, and adverbial of accompanying action. These three adverbials show different temporal features in sentence structure. The restrictive adverbial is timeless, whereas the descriptive adverbial and the adverbial of accompanying action share temporal features. While the descriptive adverbialshas no significance of time starting point, the adverbials of accompanying action contains significance of time starting point. In syntactic analysis, the adverbial modifier structure in the Western Zhou Dynasty contains both the pattern AV and the pattern AOV. All three adverbials can appear in the pattern AV, butthe adverbial in the pattern AOV usually represents the accompanying action. The adverbial modifier with the restrictive has followed the pattern AV from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period and the Modern Chinese. While the adverbial modifier structure with the descriptive adverbial formed the pattern A而V in Chunqiu and Zhanguo period, the adverbial modifier structure with adverbial of accompanying action made pattern AO而V in the same period. And the original form of the pattern AV and the pattern AO而V were still used in Chunqiu and Zhanguo period. According to the statistical data of Mencius which is analyzed by the writer, adjectival words were mostly used in the pattern AV and most of verbal words were included in pattern A而V and pattern AO而V. The western Zhou Dynasty also has the serial verb sentence in which the type of structure is ambiguous. In terms of semantic relations between verbs, the adverbial modifier structure seems to be close to the serial verb sentence. The remnant of the serial verb sentence were“望见”and “传食” used in the Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period.

The period that Shanghai was occupied by Japan in the early 1940s was a focal point of modern Shanghai, when the fall of the war and the development of urban culture had been in the crevice of the parallel space. During the period of Japanese colonial rule, the policy of high pressure did not completely block the development of culture; on the contrary, it gave birthto a new cultural pattern: the rise of feminism literature and the further development of pop culture. This not only allows us to have a deeper understanding of the development process of urban culture in Shanghai during the war, but also can be used as a way of thinking about the development of culture. At the general background of popular culture, this paper represented the analysis of drama, feminism literature during the Japanese occupation of Shanghai, which had been based on historical documents for reference, in order to certify the city culture and its development, trying to confirm that even in the period of Japanese occupation, Shanghai still maintains its own modernization path without interruption by Japanese colonial political repression. As one of the main themes of urban culture in the wartime, the drama connected the people’s everyday life and popular culture, demonstrating its’ own modern development and historical relation; While women’s participation with immense zeal and their active literary writing had stimulated the rise of feminism literature during the time of Shanghai as the isolated island. Generally speaking, the urban culture of Shanghai such as commercial consumption, popular life and feminism writing had been still further developed with their own social value and epochal significance, playing the necessary role in people’s daily life in the 1940s.

Activities and Functions of the Korean-Chinese Community in the transnational space: Focused on Wangjing Koreatown in Beijing Sun, Bong-Kyu The Korean-Chinese are experiencing the normalization of migration due to the effects of urbanization and globalization. They live forming new social relations and adapting to the transnational space that is different from traditional rural communities. The purpose of this study is to examine the community activities of the Korean-Chinese living in Wangjing, Beijing have formed in the process of leading a transnational life. For this purpose, the researchers visited Wangjing from February 26 to March 3, 2016. The main results of this study are as follows. First, The Korean-Chinese Entrepreneurs Association was established on June 8, 2011. The association is engaged in various activities for the success of the Korean-Chinese businessmen and the development of the Korean-Chinese society. Second, The Beijing Aeshim Women's Network was established on May 12, 2007. This group is engaged in various activities for the exchange of Korean-Chinese women living in Wangjing and the development of Korean-Chinese society. In particular, this group is participating in events organized by the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family in Korea and is engaged in exchanges with Korean women from 30 overseas countries. Third, The Korean-Chinese Students’ Center was established on Nov. 19, 2000 to promote their friendship. This Center is conducting exchange activities with the Federation of Korean Students Association in Beijing, which is a Korean students group. Fourth, The Korean-Chinese have been operating the JungUm Korean school in order to educate ethnic language and culture in the new residence. Finally, The Korean-Chinese are engaged in religious life in order to adapt to the stable of transnational space. The Korean-Chinese and Korean are engaged in various kinds of friendship activities in everyday life rather than formally seeking social exchanges.

Using network power theory to analyze Trump's Governance Policies' Influence to Relationship between China and Korea Bo Tu․Lyu, Jing-Hua Obama government promoted Asia-Pacific re-balancing strategy to block China, correspondingly China promoted The Belt and Road strategy, AIIB, etc. to promoto reginal cooperation and free trade. The last Korean government's “dual track strategy” to China and America is confronting with drastic national and international changes. America's new president Trump worships “America first”, trade protectionism and Anti-globalization. He also threatens to adjust Obama's Re-balancing strategy, complains about military expenditure. and holds a fuzzy attitude on North Korea. This made Korea feel difficult to adapt. David sing Grewal's “Network Theory” used network power to explain relations, global issus, etc. This theory can help distinguish the orders of Korea's global network relationship and give some clue to diplomatic political adjustment. This paper applies network theories to analyze global great powers' game and the impact trumpism brings into Korea-China relationship, and to give some suggestions. Korea needs to throw itself into international network to obtain bigger power to enlarge economical, political and security power. North Korea and America are major nods which influence Korea-China relationship, but if exclude these two nods, Korea and China don't have core benefit conflicts, thus have potential to enhance relationship with each other. Trump government has led Korea-America alliance to be weaker, variate might happen as well. In this situation, Korea must think of a backup plan to consolidate its own benefit. China is sustainably promoting regional cooperation and free trade, and has strong potential diplomacy. Also Korea peninsula's peaceful development and Korea's strong relationship accords with mutual benefits. If Korea can work hard to improve Korea-China relationship, it will not only promote trade, but also korea's network power.

The strategic intention of China and Korea's establishment of FTA and its impact on economic cooperation in Northeast Asia Ma, Jing․Kim, Hyun-Tae 　Based on an adjacent geographical position and active economic and trade cooperation, China and Korea are both involved in the economic cooperation of Northeast Asia region. Northeast Asia has always been the intersection of strategic interests of China, the United States, Japan, Russia and other great powers. The remaining Northeast Asia historic heritage and frequent security issues after the Cold War deeply influence the normal relations between countries and limit regional cooperation. For a long time, Northeast Asian countries have focused their regional policies on security issues, resulting in a lack of mutual political trust, a slow free trade agreement and a lack of relevant systems. Under the current circumstances of low regional economic cooperation in Northeast Asia, the successful negotiation process and the smooth effect of China-Korea free trade agreement are thanks to the favorable conditions for the establishment of a free trade zone between two countries. Besides, the leaders of both sides have been actively promoting the establishment of free trade agreement both in terms of economic and political considerations. So far, China-Korea free trade zone is characterized as one with China's largest trading volume and the highest level of comprehension, as well as one with the widest involvement and the most abundance. Therefore, the signing of the China-Korea FTA has attracted great attention and positive evaluation from the political, media and academic circles of China and Korea. All in all, The establishment of China-Korea FTA is of great significance to both countries, and is a landmark event, which will help alleviate the economic pressure, improve the industrial structure and competition ability, not only stimulating the economic and trade between China and Korea and achieving a new leap forward of the bilateral economic and trade relations, but also playing a certain role in promoting the ongoing trilateral FTA negotiations among China, Japan and South Korea, and having a greatly important influence in regional economic cooperation and even regional economic integration in Northeast Asia.

A Study on Sakiyama Tami’s “UNZYUGA, NASAKI” ;about literal imagination for the succession of the memory So, Myung-Sun I consider literal imagination called the other world appearing in Sakiyama Tamai’s “UNZYUGA, NASAKI” in this paper. First, I clarifies what the writer tried to convey through the process that the narrator who entered the other world passing through the beach boundary between the reality and the other world finally comes to face many bones in ‘Q village’. Then, I analyze the relationship between the other world in the work and the real world. Like the thing which the file which is full of blanks symbolizes in a novel, Sakiyama casts doubts on the history of being recorded and documented. In order to inherit the memories of weathering war, she tries to listen to the voice of other historic others who cannot but remain silent as well as the testimony of the person who survived to succeed to memory of the weathering war. However, those who a narrator encountered in the other world only urge the narrator to remember their existence, they will not talk about themselves. The bones are silent as ever. The possibility is hidden in the substance called ‘Qmr cell’ which the narrator got through physical training in ‘Q village’. It is assumed that ‘Qmr cell’ is extracted only from the truth of the memory that the time of silence of the dead was fostered. The spread of those who internalized ‘Qmr cell’ mean that more people will listen the voice of historic others. Trying to listen to the silent witness's voice is that non-experiences are conscious of the relationship with historic others and continue internal dialogue. Sakiyama's thought of the other world can be said to be a literal method to inherit the memory of war and to understand the historic others excluded from the public history.

The Genealogy of the Identity of Light Novel - Focused on the Self-consciousness of its Texts and the Communication Structure with its Readers Yee, Sun-Kyung This study examines ‘Light Novel’, the representative narrative of ‘Otaku(オタク)’ culture, one of the original Japanese subcultures. Light Novel has a history of almost thirty years and is still on the process of the formation of its identity. In this context, this paper aims to display its diachronic transition points of 30-year Light Novel history focused on some watershed points of its process of development. In dealing with those wakes of its history, this article elaborates the changes of self-consciousness of its texts centered on the usage of first-person pronouns and the communication structure centered on the psychological empathy with readers. My attention is directed to the four conversion points of its history: Slayers series by Hajime Kanzaka from the late 1980s, Boogiepop and Others by Kouhei Kadono in the late 1990s, Suzumiya Haruhi series by Nagaru Tanigawa from the mid 2000s, and a series of works of Sugaru Miaki in the 2010s. Slayers series by Hajime Kanzaka, the starting point of Light Novel, had performed the girlish identity using a first-person pronoun ‘あたし(a-ta-si)’, which showed the endeavor to separate itself from conventional classical novels. Boogiepop and Others by Kouhei Kadono paraded a variety of first-person pronouns such as ‘僕/ぼく(bo-ku)’, ‘私/わたし(wa-ta-si)’, and ‘俺/おれ(o-re)’. The readers are left intrigued to deduce the big picture of the entire plot from each fragmented first-person pronouns’ stories. Suzumiya Haruhi series by Nagaru Tanigawa has employed two personal pronouns, ‘you’(they call themselves using the feminine personal pronouns such as ‘私/わたし’ or ‘あたし’) and ‘me’(俺/おれ). In so doing, Otaku readers are able to emphasize with the texts of Light Novel. A series of works of Sugaru Miaki in 2010s share the sensibilities of coeval Satori generation(さとり世代) in the present Japan: they discover the new surviving strategies from the deepest unconscious death drive. As we have seen, Light Novel will be predicted to keep their composing and flexible identities to the passing of times.

The semantic consideration of ｢naide｣ ｢nakute｣ ｢zuni｣ Kong, Mi-Hee․Son, Dong-Ju In this study, the semantic characteristics of ｢naide｣ ｢nakute｣ ｢zuni｣ which corresponded and are comparative-analyzed to ｢te｣ type paragraph re-sorted, drawing the various semantic characteristics, are analysed. First of all, the usage of incidental situation, succession, cause․reason, means․method, parallel․contrast is included in ｢naide｣ as ｢te｣ type paragraph. The usage of cause․reason, parallel․contrast is included in ｢nakute｣. The usage of ｢zuni｣ is similar to the usage of ｢naide｣, but doesn't have the usage of cause․reason. Therefore, the usage of ｢zu｣ could substitute for the usage of ｢zuni｣. The usage of parallel․contrast is included in ｢naide｣ ｢nakute｣ ｢zuni｣ in common. In particular, the usage of cause․reason, parallel․contrast is commonly included in ｢naide｣ ｢nakute｣, which has relation to the mutual compatibility. Thus, the author could learn the verb in subordinate clause represent the verb of unwill and state when ｢naide｣ as the usage of cause․reason is compatible with ｢nakute｣. In the usage relative to the parallel, ｢naide｣ ｢nakute｣ ｢zuni｣ are all compatible with one another. The author could learn the verb of action which mainly fulfills situation by the subject will of subordinate clause is used in this case. Therefore, this study is considered in comparing and analyzing the differences by introducing and applying three meaning attributes such as the existence and nonexistence of the will of the subject in subordinate clause, the nature depending on the type of verb, temporal context in the subordinate clause and main clause.

Study on Auditory adjectives in Japanese and korean - On vocabulary Education View through Synonym Kim, Young-Ah In this study, we analyzed the auditory adjectives, ‘Urusai’, ‘Yakamasii’ and ‘Sawagasii’ to compare and contrast with Korean words of siggeurupda, yoranhada and ddeodeulsseoghada, the Korean equivalents of the above-mentioned Japanese auditory adjectives in order to look into the similarities and differences of the Korean and Japanese auditory adjustives. Firstly, the difference of Japanese is that ‘Urusai’ and ‘Yakamasii’ are used against a single sound and ‘Sawagasii’ is used to express an unpleasant feeling against a multiple sound. Secondly, ‘Urusai’, which is used to show displeasure against low sounds is focused on the listener and ‘Yakamasii’ and ‘Sawagasii are words are focused on the objective. Thirdly, ‘Yakamasii’ is external, but ‘Urusai’ is internal. Fourthly, ‘Urusai’ implies something that is too complicated to solve, while ‘Sawagasii’ denotes a mismatch and disharmony. Additionally, as for the difference in the Korean words of siggeurupda, yoranhada and ddeodeulsseoghada, firstly, siggeurupda and yoranhada are only used to emotional or non-emotional auditory feelings caused by both single sounds and multiple sounds and ddeodeulsseoghada is only used for sounds made by more than one person. Secondly, siggeurupda focuses on the listener him/herself but yoranhada is only used for focusing on the state of the situation. Thirdly, siggeurupdahas uses the similar method of meaning as ‘Urusai’ and ddeodeulsseoghada uses the similar method of meaning as ‘Sawagasii’. From the perspective of Japanese-language education, the comparison chart of auditory adjectives in Japanese and Korean as well as the concrete examples through the contrastive analysis (provided in this paper) may offer a guideline for selecting synonymous adjectives, aiding Japanese learners of Korean to misuse of them.

Study on Auditory adjectives in Japanese and korean - On vocabulary Education View through Synonym Kim, Young-Ah In this study, we analyzed the auditory adjectives, ‘Urusai’, ‘Yakamasii’ and ‘Sawagasii’ to compare and contrast with Korean words of siggeurupda, yoranhada and ddeodeulsseoghada, the Korean equivalents of the above-mentioned Japanese auditory adjectives in order to look into the similarities and differences of the Korean and Japanese auditory adjustives. Firstly, the difference of Japanese is that ‘Urusai’ and ‘Yakamasii’ are used against a single sound and ‘Sawagasii’ is used to express an unpleasant feeling against a multiple sound. Secondly, ‘Urusai’, which is used to show displeasure against low sounds is focused on the listener and ‘Yakamasii’ and ‘Sawagasii are words are focused on the objective. Thirdly, ‘Yakamasii’ is external, but ‘Urusai’ is internal. Fourthly, ‘Urusai’ implies something that is too complicated to solve, while ‘Sawagasii’ denotes a mismatch and disharmony. Additionally, as for the difference in the Korean words of siggeurupda, yoranhada and ddeodeulsseoghada, firstly, siggeurupda and yoranhada are only used to emotional or non-emotional auditory feelings caused by both single sounds and multiple sounds and ddeodeulsseoghada is only used for sounds made by more than one person. Secondly, siggeurupda focuses on the listener him/herself but yoranhada is only used for focusing on the state of the situation. Thirdly, siggeurupdahas uses the similar method of meaning as ‘Urusai’ and ddeodeulsseoghada uses the similar method of meaning as ‘Sawagasii’. From the perspective of Japanese-language education, the comparison chart of auditory adjectives in Japanese and Korean as well as the concrete examples through the contrastive analysis (provided in this paper) may offer a guideline for selecting synonymous adjectives, aiding Japanese learners of Korean to misuse of them.

Belief in Cooperation Study that Targets Native Korean Learners - Focused on cooperative work, discussion image, discussion skill Ishizuka Ken A survey targeting learners who study Japanese as a foreign language in Korean universities was conducted using “The Belief in Cooperation Scale,” developed by Yasunaga (2006) to clarify whether the concept of cooperative learning is an appropriate educational approach for Japanese learners whose mother tongues are Korean and how they perceive an image and a skill related to cooperative learning while having a ‘conversation.’ In addition to the survey, which is the original method of this study, an interview, qualitative research, was conducted at the same time to analyze and consider the learners’ perception from different perspectives by quoting specific situations and cases. After researching students’ tendencies, I cannot deny that there were differences by individual. The aggregate method can be averaged, but research that clarifies individual properties more specifically needs to be implemented. For that research, in addition to quantitative data, a class can be set up which introduces cooperative learning and observes the learners’ changes and the progress in the learners’ belief by researching repeatedly over time. Interviews, qualitative research, which target learners who are weighted towards high scores and low scores respectively, can be conducted as well. As a result, unexpectedly, the learners’ answers were mostly in the categories of ‘Harmony,’ ‘Motivation,’ ‘Cooperation,’ and ‘Initiative,’ and less in ‘Level Difference,’ ‘Grade Difference,’ and ‘Gender Difference.’ They speak up and directly express honest opinions while showing a tendency to avoid a leader’s role. Also, they consider vertical relationships and gender differences less than expected, but depend highly on higher level classmates. Based on this result, when designing a class, teachers need to fully grasp through the methods of a questionnaire survey, learning perception research, and preliminary interviews, a balance between learners, especially for those who do not get along with each other. However, from time to time, a positive learning atmosphere is not formed, even between close learners, and an adjustment will be needed.

The Historical Relationship between Hata Uji and Shilla Myojin Choi, Kyung-Jin․Kim, Sang-Gyu 　MINAMOTO Yoshimitsu had his coming-of-age ceremony in front of Shilla Myojin at Onjoji Temple in Otsu, and came to be alled Shillasaburou. There are many theories about the origin of Shilla Myojin, for eamples, (1) God for the coming over Korean Japanese since old times, (2) God for Otomo-suguri clan, (3) God appearing on the board of Enchin's returning ship from Tang to Japan, (4) God created to compete each other under the time of conflict between Tendai Sanmon sect and Jimon sect, (5) A simbolic God by Jang Bo-Go, but there is still a room for discussion with all these theories. Imajo·Nitta·Aketa of Shilla Myojin of enshrinement place are all mining districts, and we can see Hata clan's group community residence in the vicinity of the region. These characteristic factors are also matching to Shill Myojin, enshrined at Onjoji Temple in Otsu, so, the conclusion is that Hata clan worshipped a god of Shinra Myojin of Onjoji Temple, and MINAMOTO Yoshimitsu held his coming-of-age ceremony in front of the Shilla Myojin that is linked to Hata clan. If you look at historical records, we can realized that Hata clan was an iron manufacturing group. According to the Shosoin's(正倉院) register book in 8th century shows that 40 percent of registered people in the Tagawa and Nakatsu region had Hata related family name and the fact hat they created Todaiji Daibutsu in Nara during the reign of Emperor Shoumu Emperor by using the iron ores which was produded from Tagawa mines. In fact, Yoshiie, Yoshimitsu's elder brother also worshipped Shilla Myojin of Onjoji Temple and ASHIKAGA Takauji, the first Shogun in the Muromachi bakufu who is Yoshiie's descendant, constructed of Shinra Zenjin-do Hall in Onjoji Temple, which showed a strong connection with samurai Seiwa Genji clan.

Japanese language learning and economic motivation - Through investigation of Fukuoka foreign students Jeong, Tae-Joon The economic concept of language acquisition is human capital. Language acquisition requires new values and it is effective to give external motivation. The most effective motivation for foreign language learning is economic reward. It is aimed to acquire the second language as a human capital and enhance social utility. We investigated the purpose and motivation of foreign students to acquire the dominant language of Japanese. First, what is the purpose of studying Japanese as a second foreign language in the case of foreign students staying in Japan? Second, is learning Japanese motivated as a competitive human capital element in the future? Third, if so, what is the learning strategy and content for achieving the goal? Based on the relationship between language proficiency and economic benefits in the labor market, research shows that strong incentives for language acquisition are closely related to economic factors. For example, in relation to the relationship between Japanese acquisition ability and job influence by nationality, Chinese and Vietnamese students answered that they had more influence on salary and human relations than students from other countries. In addition, when asked about the relationship between the period of stay and purpose of studying in Japan, the longer the stay, the higher the economic reason and the higher the university entrance. In this way, foreign students in Japan were made sure that the acquisition of the economic dominant language of Japanese was motivated to acquire what they intended. They consciously aimed at university entrance and human relations formation, and were acquiring Japanese as a human resource to have jobs with high social treatment. In conclusion, the motivation and purpose of learning Japanese are as follows. It is analyzed that it aims to achieve the goal by investing effort and learning by economic motivation. In other words, as you can see from the survey results, acquiring Japanese as a second foreign language and inducing economic incentive were persuasive arguments even for Japanese foreign students from Southeast Asia.

A Study on Works of Dalsu Kim During His Transitional - Naeshirokawa and decontextualization of history Lim, Sang-Min This study analyzed the characteristics of works written the Korean-Japanese writer Dalsu Kim during the transitional period when he changed from being a novelist to being a historian of ancient relationship between Korea and Japan, focusing on Naeroshikawa(苗代川), a short story he published in 1966. The result suggested that, in the short story, Widang Kang edits and manipulates the story of how he came to work in the editing department of a Japanese-language newspaper published by Korean Federation of Korean Residents in Japan (KFKRJ), emphasizing the similarity between Widang Kang and Korean-Japanese while avoiding specific mention of the impossibility of transcendence created in the position of Kang as a Korean prisoner of war (POW) and his relationship with the Korean-Japanese organization KFKRJ. Also, in the short story, he specifically quotes books related to Naeshirokawa in an attempt to ensure realism of the novel. However, the use of Korean names by Naeshirokawa residents that is emphasized by the narrator 'I' was a part or result of the Korean custom maintenance policy that was intended by Satsuma Han at that time to emphasize trade and colonialism, rather than a 'sign of resistance' by Korean POWs. Therefore, considering that, without historical discussion of the Family Register Law in 1872 that deprived him of his position as a town's Korean intellectual in Naeshirokawa, it simply emphasized the continuity between modern and pre-modern eras and tried to read a 'sign of resistance' simply based on Korean names, this novel ironitcally amplified the impossibility of transcendence felt by Widang Kang regarding the Korean-Japanese.

TURKISH ECONOMY AND COMPARATIVE MAIN INDICATORS Turgut Ozkan After the global crisis which started in 2008, the production balance of the world shifted to Asia. Refraining from producing solutions for structural economic problems of Western countries caused them to be passive against this change. Turkey, analyzed the global change correctly, has canalized to have a correct position by making unimportant the policy of integration to the west which has maintained desperately for years. This study aims to determine whether Turkey has adequate economic and financial performance for the new roadmap or not. Thus, the main economic and financial indicators of Turkey are analyzed comparatively with other countries. A conclusion was reached that Turkey economy has a strong, effective and sustainable economic and financial performance except for the problems of unemployment and inflation.

The Effects of Delivery Temperature of Fuel on Fuel Customers and Fuel Sellers Eroglu, HUSEYIN In this study, In this study, it has been studied to reveal the losses and gains of gasoline, diesel oil and LPG due to heat expansion of the fuel products, which are being sold at fuel stations, by fuel consumers. In countries where air temperature is too high or too low, it has been tried to explain what measures should be taken to prevent losses and gains of fuel sellers and fuel consumers. The relationship between temperature and density is examined and the effects of the temperature changes of fuel products are presented with graphs and tables. It has been revealed what measures should be taken in order to prevent the loss and gain of the fuel consumers and the fuel sellers. The importance of using the device called ATC is emphasized in this regard. A research was carried out on the article and the total loss of consumers in August 2016 according to total diesel and gasoline sales amounts in Turkey in August 2016 was calculated and emphasized the use of ATC device to prevent consumer losses.