Earticle

Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater) is a theater built in Incheon, its owners were Japanese. As a result, this theater was also not considered to be the theater of Korea in korean theater history. Based on truth that the Japanese and the Koreans were living in Incheon together in the past, it is necessary to consider this theater again. In addition, if you examine the situation and the relevant personnel operating Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater), these two conclusions are confirmed. The one is the conclusion that Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater) is closely related to economic of Incheon, and the other is the conclusion that the location of Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater) corresponds to the heart of the commercial district. Besides, if you look at the performances and the events held in Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater), it can be found that the operators of Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater) did not relate to racial and ethnic discrimination against the Koreans and Japanese and rather, this theater was operating in accordance with the objective to satisfy the two nations equally. Reactions of the audience for Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater) were largely similar. As a result, the local theater Gamugijwa(singing and dancing theater) was served with a difficult time with the Korean shipbuilding, it was also the birthplace of both convergence and multi-cultural drama of the race.

The purpose of this study is to examine the cases of Chawae(Japanese Envoys) reception during the period Dumopo Waegwan which have not been considered much by researchers before focusing on 󰡔Jeopwaesikrye󰡕. Based on each individual case, this author has arranged the contents as below: First, this researcher includes Duwae(頭倭) in the category of Chawae during the period of Dumopo Waegwan. This is because Chawae originated from Duwae. Second, the subjects in charge of Chawae reception can be largely divided into Jeopwigwan(接慰官) and Dongraebu(東萊府). Third, about the manners of Chawae reception, they adopted the manners of Yeonryesongsaseon(年例送使) reception mainly as its reference, and it can be largely divided into ‘1 Teuksongsarye(1特送例), Segyeon 1 Seonrye(歲遣1船例), Segyeon 4 Seonrye(歲遣4船例), SujikㆍSudoseoseonrye(受職ㆍ受圖書船例), Darye(茶禮), disapproved reception’. In general, Chawae reception was more prosperous in Dumopo Waegwan than in Choryang Waegwan. This is also associated with the situation that Chawae reception raised a lot of evil effects afterwards in terms of its cost and so on. Therefore, the cases of Chawae reception arranged in 󰡔Jeopwaesikrye󰡕 worked as a reference to reorganize Byeolchawae during the period of Choryang Waegwan and revise the manners of reception.

This study discussed changes in colonial city culture as a result of expanding Empire of Japan, especially regarding entrance of the Japanese publishing market to Korea and formation and change of readership in Busan, based on bookstore and new book advertisement sections in Busan Ilbo, which was a popular newspaper in Japanese language at that time. And, it aims to examine bookstores run by Japanese owners and analyze the history of publishing culture of Busan as a colonial city and a fluid and mixed cultural space during the 1910s. Although Japanese newspapers published in Busan during the early 1910s formed a wide readership based on local editions in Yeongnam, from the late 1910s, local editions disappeared and the newspapers began to establish their system with Busan as the central city. And, following this change, Busan Ilbo began to mainly print advertisements for bookstores in Busan from the late 1910s, although it used to advertise bookstores in Tokyo, Kyeongseong, an Daegu during the early 1910s. Also, while bookstore advertisements during the early 1910s mainly focused on simple introduction of the bookstores, educational books, and stationery, from the late 1910s, various book lists began to be printed in the advertisement section. This change was caused by almost three-fold increase of Japanese population living in Busan since the 1910s as well as diversification of profession and hometown of the Japanese who moved to the city. Following these changes, Japanese-owned bookstores in Busan began to introduce a wide range of books including pure literature rather than popular novels, which were main products earlier, and played an important role in forming intelligence of Busan as it changed from a commercial city to a cultural city.

Although unfamiliar concept of Eochongye to the urban people, the fishing village fraternity is the smallest organization in the fishing village. When we focus on the concept of "system (契) 'in terms of EoChongye, it seems like very old and traditional concepts. However, that is the lowest unit of National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (so called SuhYup). This thesis studies the fishing village fraternity with fisheries in the metropolitan area. The paper is also focused on EoChongye’s past and present conditions, cultural tourism, group workings, fishing techniques and fishermen’s daily life to review the origin of village name, history, and natural environment. This study investigates the characteristics of EoChongye on the fishermen’s daily life which has been excluded from the discussion of the EoChongye in the recent studies. First of all, I examine the trend of the previous researches for EoChongye. Referring to the literatures and field studies, this paper also considers the locality, local culture and the fishermen’s daily life of the fishing village fraternity in the metropolitan areas. Finally, I want to revitalize the EoChongye as new cultural contents and regional resources. My study finds that there are many things to develop and improve the fishing culture resources. Each EoChongye should build up a story of cultural resources with well-known regional products which has been acknowledged in the market. Furthermore, the fishing people ought to introduce the specialties and characteristics of the region throughout organized festivals. To utilize the story of the fishing village cultures, the name of the village, natural environmental resources and the history of the region should be used to enhance the identity formation of the community as educational resources. As a result, the fishing village fraternity should adjust the changes of the external environments to develop better community cultures with educational fundamentals.

This study is to diagnose the current situation of seeing-China maritime delimitation puts the primary objective. In addition, try to look Analysis of the two countries' national legislative provisions applicable. Furthermore, to investigate the problem, conflict factors derived from the two countries put their differences between the secondary target. Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the maritime delimitation is “determined based on the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone or continental shelf and adjacent coast,” it has stated. For the comprehensive application of these principles, the International Court of Justice Article 38 The provisions are limited and that, in principle, should be based on the provisions of international law. Therefore, it must be observed that Jane War also to resolve cross-border disputes shall be subject to the provisions of these international agreements when dealing with international maritime delimitation issues, inevitably expanded. Nevertheless, South Korea and China have been faced with reality, and these factors linger in the meantime, conflicts and conflict by a different criterion for the maritime delimitation. There are two general remarks on the state figured consensus is that they must present a fair and amicable solution through negotiations in principle. However, in the particulars in terms of the bottom line that the two countries should seek to protect its interests we are still faced with difficulties. These ‘Hanzhong’ their differences in accordance with the interests of the two countries would result from the rational delimitation of the criteria for the area. In other words, South Korea, and insist the principle of equidistance / special circumstances", China is a situation that could not find a clue to adhere to the principle of fairness / relevant circumstances" and that negotiations by the two countries. The researchers were trying to determine under this topic will be found in overcoming the limitations of awareness about the clues to solve the problem of delimitation of the sea-China bilateral priority factor by comparison of the two criteria of analysis. To study the demarcation dilemma in the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, this thesis is divided into three parts. The first chapter discussed the demarcation theory of UNCLOS and its evolution, and studied cases of international maritime law, analyzed the current solutions of sea disputes among countries. The second chapter made a comparison and analysis of different weighting factors of the demarcation that South Korea and China insisted, and pointed out the factors that should be considered in the delimitation. Then, based on the analysis and the facts, for the purpose of bridge the differences and settle the dispute, feasible suggestions of equitable solution was put forward in the third chapter. According to the rule of international law, the two parties should consider the overall peace in Northeast Asia as a starting point, stop harming the two national people’s action, settle the maritime delimitation disputes peacefully.

This study have focused on North Korean film to understand the styles of conflict management in people's everyday life. Under the principles of partisanship, proletarianship, and people-first ideology, different styles of conflict management(accomodating, compromising and forcing) were analyzed. Interestingly enough, there were 3rd party intervention to resolve everyday life conflicts which was classified as North Korean styles of conflict management. Analytical conclusion of this study are as follows; first of all, there are many obstacles to understand North Korean society due to lack of information. Even if we could suggested that the films can be used as a media to see through the society, the film itself were made under the political purpose to indoctrinate North Korean people. Actor’s motion as well as the scenario were sophisticatedly programmed by the politburo. Therefore, we could assume that the negative or problematic characters were more than just a interesting character but reasonable or intentional character to reveal real life situation in the society. Second, films in North Korea were made under the principles of partisanship, proletarianship and people-first ideology, as we mentioned above. In order to represent those principles, the films generally use the conflict evolving-exaggerating-resolving procedure as a cliche. Conflict itself can be used as a main metaphor to deliver political ideology in the films made by North Korea. Third, status of political leader were not just a institutional. They intervene people’s everyday life not as political influencer but as cultural, too. Leadership of polititburo in local level were so powerful that thearchical system could be manageable in North Korea.

Namchul Shin(1907～1957?) is one of the representative philosopher adopted and developed marxist philosophy before and after freedom from Japanese Colonization of Korean Peninsular. He had pursued national liberation movements through a materialistic philosophy of history based on marxism. Adopting the Marxist philosophy, he tried to interpreting and transfoming subjectively in light of the Korean Situation. Namchul Shin's ‘bodily epistemology’ are well illustrated in. According to him, the unification of the theory and practice is based in the body of the human being. The unification of theory and practice is established in bodily act realizing this historical reality of a paradox keenly and throwing himself to overcome the contradiction of reality. The human historical practice is ‘bodily acknowledgement', namely ‘an act of pathos’ to throw ‘body’ through ‘bodily knowing’. Even though accepted the Marxist theory of epistemology, Namchul Shin's ‘bodily epistemology’ was trying to transform it and standing out the vividly human life with the skin and bones. In the root of his philosophical thinking, the worries and conflicts are inherent How reconciliate the universality and particularity, Western thought and Eastern thought. This agony in his philosophical thought has led him to the criticism of history of Western philosophy, criticism of Existential Philosophy and Phenomenology, criticism of Japanese-Orientalism, establishing of methodology of Korean Study and critical Korean Study and Bodily Epistemology. Eventually, these philosophical attempts of Namchul Shin are process of attempting Korean Transformation of Marxism. Herefrom his intentions establishing subjective Korean Philosophy based on Marxist philosophy are well revealed.

This present study examined effects of task complexity based on task structure for Korean university students' narrative writing performance. Robinson's Cognition Hypothesis (2001a, 2001b 2005, 2007, 2011) argued that if tasks are sequenced on the basis of their relative complexity, task performance from language learners should be influenced by the complexity of the task with regard to accuracy, complexity, and fluency. In this study, task complexity is manipulated by task structure with +/- reasoning which was presented as one of resource-directing elements in the task complexity features by Robinson (2001). Sixty-nine Korean university students participated in this study. They performed two narrative writing tasks each with +/- reasoning structure based on two different picture stories. The learners' written performance was coded by T-unit, S-nodes, errors, and the number of words to measure the accuracy, fluency, and complexity. The result showed that cognitively more demanding task demonstrated more positive effects on syntactic complexity with no significant difference on fluency while cognitively less demanding task led to increases on accuracy measure with also no significant difference on fluency.

본고는 스코틀랜드의 17세 이상 학습자를 위한 교육 개혁을 살펴보면서 한국적 상황을 고려한 함의점을 논의하는데 목적이 있다. 한국에서 최근 평생교육의 패러다임안에서 종래의 교육을 통합시키려는 교육개혁의 담론이 활발하다. 스코틀랜드와 마찬가지로 한국은 인구, 사회구조, 환경적인 측면에서 유례없었던 변화를 겪고 있고, 평생교육대학을 설립하여 평생교육을 4년제 대학의 정규과정으로 편입시키고자 하는 최근의 이슈는 이와 같은 맥락에서 해석될 수 있다. 다른 아시아 국가, 유럽의 여러 국가의 사례와 마찬가지로 끊임없이 변화하는 사회에서 평생학습과 직업교육 및 훈련 패러다임이 고등교육의 중요한 일부분으로 인식되고 있음은 의심의 여지가 없을 것 이다. 이러한 맥락에서 본고는 비교 관점에서 스코틀랜드의 사례를 소개하면서 한국적 상황에 맞는 평생교육 시스템 개발에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

This article is for 󰡔Shangshu(尚書)󰡕, 󰡔Maoshi(毛詩)󰡕, 󰡔Zhouyi(周易)󰡕, 󰡔Yili(儀禮)󰡕, 󰡔Zhouli(周 禮)󰡕, 󰡔Chunqiuzuozhuan(春秋左傳)󰡕, 󰡔Zhanguoce(戰國策)󰡕, 󰡔Lunyu(論語)󰡕, 󰡔Liji(禮記)󰡕, the ‘Ruhe(如何)’, ‘Ruzhihe(如之何)’, ‘Heru(何如)’ the syntactic features and the relationship between them for a more detailed description, demonstrated ‘Heru(何如)’ and ‘Ruzhihe(如之何)’, ‘Ruhe(如何)’ these three structures have completely different origins, calipering ancient times is the coexistence of these three structures after two thousand years of slow for a long time, developed into modern Chinese language how to of. This paper also analyzes the ‘Ruzhihe(如之何)’ is the result of re-analysis ‘Zhi(之)’ shedding and sentences, to develop into modern Chinese language phrase ‘Ruhe(如何)’ of. Calipering as ‘如何’ through a series of grammar development process into modern Chinese ‘Ruhe(如何)’. This paper also special ancient Chinese language word order calipering pre-made object description, and then the word order of Chinese language paper published opinions that the Chinese language is a ‘VO’ tendentious language. ‘Ruhe(如何)’, ‘Ruzhihe(如之何)’, ‘Heru(何如)’ Has the following syntax characteristics: syntax structure subject predicate object adverbial attribute Ruhe(如何) × o × o × Ruzhihe(如之何) × o × o o Heru(何如) × o o o o Nine kinds of literature in the ancient Chinese ‘Ruhe(如何)’, ‘Ruzhihe(如之何)’, ‘Heru(何如)’, the distribution is as follows: structure literature Ruhe(如何) Ruzhihe(如之何) Heru(何如) Shangshu(尚書) 3 × × Maoshi(毛詩) 19 9 × Zhouyi(周易) 3 × × Yili(儀禮) × 1 3 Zhouli(周禮) × × × Zuozhuan(左傳) 4 1 23 Zhanguoche(戰國策) 2 × 36 Lunyu(論語) × 16 21 Liji(禮記) 2 37 9 Total 33 64 93

A Dream of Red Mansions is one of the best classical novels of Chinese literature, which has high value in both literature and research. And there exists plenty of different kinds of existential sentences. This paper begins with expressing forms to meaning, mainly with the method of induction, statistics, description. And based on these it comes to an analysis of some common grammatical characters and make conclusion through statistical classification studying. The thesis consists of chapters of preface, syntax type studies existential sentences, pragmatic type and syntactic functions of existential sentence in A Dream of Red Mansions, type of special tone of exist sentence in A Dream of Red Mansions and conclusions. Preface first makes a brief introduction of A Dream of Red Mansions, and its establishes status in literature history. Then the thesis sums up the research current situation on exist sentence and explains the value of studying. And at last, it discusses the relevant theories of exist sentence. The chapter of syntax type studies existential sentences of A+B+C style exist sentence, B+C type, A+C type, C type (single-stage) and other specific types of exist sentences. In spite of its thematic inspection, the thesis also discusses the characteristics of its composition, the existence of different types of the difference between sentences, and some of the characteristics which make an explanation. “Conclusion” section, first of all, according to the pragmatic type of exist sentence ,this thesis divides all exist sentence into three sorts--judging, narrative and describing the type, and then analyze and explain further. Secondly, this thesis also focuses on analysis of the exist sentence with “special type of tone”--negative existsentence, the virtual exist sentence and interrogative existential sentences.

Hai Rui(海瑞) in the Ming Dynasty represents upright officials in Chinese history along with Bao Zheng(包拯) in the Song Dynasty. The works of fictions addressing Hai Rui(海瑞) are 『Haigong'an(海剛峰先生居官公案傳)』, 『Dahongpao(海公大紅袍全傳)』, and 『Xiaohongpao(海公小紅袍全傳)』. The earliest version of 『Dahongpao(大紅袍)』 is a book published by Erjinglou(二經樓) in 1813, the eighth year of Jiaqing(嘉慶) Emperor Era in the Qing Dynasty, which is now housed in the British Museum. 『Dahongpao(大紅袍)』 continues the tradition of 『Haigong'an(海公案)』 and turned the story of Hai Rui(海瑞) into a chapter-divided full-length novel. The literary work describes realities of the society and political ideals in the Ming Dynasty, focusing on political confrontation between Hai Rui(海瑞), the upright official, and Yan Chong(嚴崇), a disloyal subject. In terms of novel types, 『Dahongpao(大紅袍)』 shows a combination of biography and political novel. First of all, the novel has three biographical characteristics: a structure of a beginning and end-correlation, a fictional biography, and a conversion from Gong'an Fiction to biography. Next, 『Dahongpao(大紅袍)』 also shows characteristics of political novel. Although it was based on historical figures, it did not cover historical facts and was fictionalized by containing lots of fictional elements. Considering its main framework, the literary work can be regarded as a political novel which used only the names of Hai Rui(海瑞) who represents the faithful subject and Yan Chong(嚴崇) and Zhang Ju-zheng(張居正) who symbolize the treacherous subject, addressing fierce conflicts between the two groups in the background of the royal court in the Ming Dynasty. The characteristics as a political novel are composed of the figures of the loyalist and the treacherous retainer, their political battles, and formal elements of the genre.

This article tried to explain the importance of maritime trade in the medieval southern China, Six Dynasties(六朝). Even though ‘the sea silk road’ opened in Han dynasty, the Indian Ocean and the South China sea trade was increased rapidly in the Six Dynasties period. The main reason of such growth was the development of ocean sailing technology. Ships were equipped with several sails and the sailors understood the effect of trade wind. Such technology made chinese merchant sail to the Indian Ocean much faster than Han sailors. And Han sailors used to sail along the coast, but the merchants of Six Dynasties made a voyage on the ocean. The port of Guang-Zhou became a starting point of a long ocean cruise. The growth of maritime trade stimulated the inner commercial trade of Southern Empires (南朝). Lingnan(嶺南), the center of maritime trade and Jiankang(建康), the capital of the dynasty, both became the two axis of inner commercial network. The energy of Jiankang’s market system partly depended upon the Lingnan’s maritime trade. It also stimulated the appearance of village market(草市), which was prohibited in Han times, it showed that the common village farmers were used to buy and sell in near small market. And Persian silver coin which was imported by maritime traders, was circulated in the Lingnan region. It strongly proved that the ocean trade was the matter to develop the inner commercial trade of Six Dynasties. Even though there was no official institution of state running system for maritime trade, which was appeared at Tang dynasty, the benefit of trade was integrated into the dynasty finance by several ways. Lingnan provincial governors tributed their imported goods to Jiankang. And the main part of dynastic financial income was not came from the collection of grain or silk, but came from commercial tax which was collected by currency. Such tax came from the commercial benefit, which was partly depended on the maritime trade. And there was a unique custom of ‘huanzi(還資)’, that was the tribute of a provincial governor who finished his terms. That custom was another way to collect the maritime imports, it also supported the dynasty finance. Like this, the maritime trade was essential part to maintain the Six Dynasties finance. It proved the importance of a maritime trade of Six dynasties.

The purposes of this study were to examine changes to the industrial structure of Dalian after its reform and opening in its relations with foreign-funded enterprises(especially Japanese ones) and review the possibilities and limitations of Pan-Yellow Sea Zone. The cases cited in the study for demonstration purposes were based on participant observation and interviews conducted in Dalian in 2015. The body of the research divided the period from 1984 when Dalian was appointed as an open coastal city to 2015 into ① early days of opening, ② investments in labor-intensive manufacturing, ③ propulsion of industrial advancement, and ④ all-out reform, examining each of the periods in terms of central government's policies, Dalian's implementation, and changes to the size and nature of foreign investment. The findings were as follows: first, Dalian served as a subject of economy to take the lead in forming the Northeast Asian zone under the approval of central government since its reform and opening. It especially worked on the formation of relations with Japan as part of its policies. Second, it formed mutually supplementary economic relations through spatial division of production based on cost gaps until 2013. Those relations are recently turning into competitions or absorbed into the Chinese market due to the New Normal and the full-blown reform of Chinese economy. Third, the activities of seaport cities such as Dalian were basically dependent on the decisions of central government with only flexibility granted to them at the implementation stage. Fourth, there has been an expansion of economic exchanges in breadth, but it has not led to the political integration of new stage due to the complex entanglement of interests among the powerful nations. Finally, the increasing political and economic uncertainty will highlight further the experiences of Dalian, which has moved practical negotiations forward in various areas, as the source of possibilities for sustainable relations.

Chinatown is often called “Chinese quarter”, “Chinese party” that refers to a dense residential area formed by the residences in the local area of Chinese immigrants who settled outside of the country of Chinese territory. Although there are many Chinatown around the world including London, San Francisco, the largest Chinatown scale in Asia is Jukuka located in Yokohama, Japan. Yokohama's Chinatown brings dense residential area of 150 years history, variety of Chinese architecture as well as Yokohama Overseas Chinese Association including general assembly of Overseas Chinese, Chinese school combined triple language services, Chinese temple with tomb compose of symbol mechanism of speciality of Chinese culture. In addition, Yokohama Jukaka China town with 600 stores is also a famous tourist destination where 18 million people visit per year. The purpose of this study through local surveys and in-depth interviews is to analyze how overseas Chinese who immigrated to Japan express collective memory and nostalgia to homeland in Chinatown. The findings of this study are as follows: first, Yokohama Chinatown retains a history of over 150 years that is not only formation of Chinese home in the country of residence in Japan but also formation a member and symbiosis of mainstream society in multicultural space. Second, Chinatown as Chinese home of ethnic Chinese compose in various symbol to homeland base on signifier and visual-religious-classic- educational. Third, Ethnic Chinese in Yokohama Chinatown is not fully assimilated into Japanese society, still strengthen ties with their home country keeping the national identity of their own through maintaining their native language and traditional culture.

China’s energy industry has developed very well in the past 50 years following the establishment of new economic policies. With the evolution of China’s energy policy, there have also been tremendous problems that are worthy of research. Along with the reinforcement of the status of China’s energy industry over these years, there have been several studies on the history of the development of China’s energy industry. However, while most of them have emphasized the development and construction of the energy industry, research that focuses on the relations between energy and environment and sustainable development is still lacking. This paper focuses on this innovative topic, which has gained much attention recently, and discusses the relations between energy policy and sustainable development and environment protection. In addition, it provides some constructive advice that will contribute to future energy policymaking based on environment protection and sustainable development. The general trend of China’s energy policy development will be focused on renewable energy. However, at the same time, China will still make efforts to make fossil fuels cleaner because China cannot get rid of them owing to the high-speed development of its economy. Coal is irreplaceable in the next few decades, if China wants to maintain its leading position in the world according to economic growth rate. Thus, in the last chapter, I gave some recommendations that China should develop the relative LCE dominated by coal and complete energy market mechanisms, increase green energy consumption. Despite strong political and financial commitments to energy-efficiency improvement by the government, several issues are still present in China indicating that the country needs to develop more effective policy mechanisms and sufficient institutional capacity necessary to create long-lasting impacts on energy-efficiency investments.

This paper discussed on the Kana notation of characters that belong to group Shan(山) among 2,136 new usual Sino Japanese characters(2010) in the six Sino Japanese dictionaries, and the following conclusions were drawn. 1)Final-T was recorded as a Kan’on Tsu[ツ] and Go’on Chi[チ] in the every dictionaries, but Tsu[ツ] and Chi[チ] can not be the factor distinguishing Go’on and Kan’on. And Go’on contained Chi[チ] was classified as a Kan’yo’on in the many dictionaries. 2) Roundness of old Kana notation was omitted in the many dictionaries. 3) To’on as like Ton(團) and Non(暖) was classified as a Kan’yo’on in some dictionaries. 4) Rhyme Shan(刪) appears as a two type of -(w)en/-(w)et and -(w)an/-(w)at in the Go’on because of frontness of main vowel. but Go’on was recorded wrong in the many dictionaries. 5) Rhyme Yuan(元) appears as a three types -on/-ot, -(w)an/-(w)at, -(w)en/-(w)et in the Go’on. but one type of that recorded as a Kan’yo’on. And Go’on was recorded wrong in the many dictionaries. 6) Rhyme Xian(仙) that contained [wï] appears as a three types -wan/-wat, -on/-ot, -wen/-wet in the Go’on. but one type of that recorded as a Kan’yo’on. And Go’on was recorded wrong in the many dictionaries.

In this paper, I researched on censorship system in imperial Japan as a case study of Sato Haruo’s “Richigimono.” This work has never been included into Teihon Sato Haruo Zenshu, the latest edition of his complete works, but published in Keijo Nippo in three times in January 1938. In previous studies, Mizusawa Fujio found that its first appearance was in Domei Tsushin published by Domei Tshushinsha on December 20, 1937. However Mizusawa pointed out that “Richigimono” practically appeared in Kochi Shinbun published on January 7, 1938 in the same time of appearance in Keijo Nippo, because the Ministry of Home Affairs prohibited the sale of Domei Tshushin in January 1938. This paper examined the difference between publication in the interior of Japan and in the overseas territories, and the relationship of literature and censorship in the overseas territories. As a result of this study, it is found that this is a special case that the complete version of “Richigimono” was published in Keijo Nippo, because this work was banned in the interior Japan and the censorship in the overseas territory was generally more rigorous than in Japan. This conclusion is supported by the fact that there were regional differences in the number of prohibited papers rather than the differences between Japan and colonies, when the same author was appeared in plural local news papers including news papers published in overseas territories. Therefore, the number of seizure of “Richigimono” indicates loss of balance of censorship system between the interior Japan and the overseas territories. In conclusion, we can see vacillation in censorship system of imperial Japan under the Japanese-Chinese War through the case study of Sato Haruo’s “Richigimono.”

This study examines unification consciousness of New Generation in Koreans in Japan and how national identity of them has changed. Especially it classifies types of the identity and analyzes correlation between the types and unification consciousness. At first this study examines existing researches and establishes typology of the identity of New Generation in Koreans in Japan. It reviews existing typology critically and transforms it creatively in accordance with characteristics of the object of this study. The typology consists of four types on the basis of ethnicity and citizenship; combination-oriented, ethnic-oriented, citizen-oriented and individual-oriented. Not only by referring to the existing researches but by adjusting it for the purpose of this study, it sets four subordinate components including unification willingness, concern degree of unification, practical attitude and ways of unification preference. In the view of study results, it is possible to draw several conclusions. First of all, to inspire the unification consciousness the ethnic-identity should be established because there is a correlation between the unification consciousness of New Generation in Koreans in Japan and the ethnic identity standard as it is marked on the results in a depth interview. Second, if the unification consciousness and the ethnic identity were low, the reason of it can be from the absence of the unification education. For growth of New Generation as a main agent of the unification, the organized unification education is needed. Thirdly, the unification education should be customized to New Generation by their identity types. Since each identity type has a difference in unification consciousness according to the results. This study is confirmed that the unification consciousness is affected on the standard of the ethnic identity by not only a theoretical investigation but also an actual investigation. Furthermore it is meaningful that it is confirmed by the depth interview of the experts. Also it is significant that the object of this study is New Generation at this point of time which the role of Korean residents is getting important as main agent of the unification. In addition, this study established the correlation between the identity and the unification consciousness, although the previous study is not enough. Also it ascertains the political implication that the establishment of the ethnic identity has to be preceded to arise the upright unification consciousness. Based on these outcomes, there are several suggestions for improvement of this study. First of all, object and method of study should be extended. The number of Choseon school is much more than that of Korean school. Also Choseon school accepts the curriculum of General Association of Korean Residents in Japan and North Korea. Therefore the comparison study between the students of ethnic school and Choseon school should be implemented. Also the comparison study between the students of ethnic school and Japan school also should be implemented. In addition to, the comparison study between New Generation of Koreans in China and U.S.A. is also needed. Second of all, based on the context of this study, the subject of this study is limited to the identity type, the unification consciousness and the correlation between them. The subject of study should be extended to an improvement plan of the unification education and the curriculum of unification education for stiffen the capability as main agent of the unification. Also the study about an actual condition and the way of vitalization of Korea community network should be implemented. Until now, the role of Korean residents abroad in the unification process is just an intermediary. However New Generation in Koreans in Japan, teachers, and experts agree that the role of Korean residents abroad is important in the process of unification. According to an extension of economical bases and an improvement of political capability of Korean residents abroad, the role of them should be established.

Creation myths of the Chukchi tribe come in various versions according to the agents, objects and materials of the creation. The agents of creation are usually <the Creator>, ‘tenantomny’, and ‘raven’, and the objects of creation are the world, human beings and animals. And the materials of creation are usually clay, dust, a variety of woods, grasses and excrement. Basic narrative structure of the Chukchi creation myths is [beginning situation → mediation → end situation]. The beginning situation is ‘chaos’ including ‘darkness’, ‘not existing’, ‘few’, and the end situation is ‘order’ including ‘brightness’, ‘existing’, ‘many’. In this case, it is the mediation which converts the chaos into order. The world-view of the Chukchi is reflected in these creation myths. First, animals are anthropomorphized. Second, all things are considered animated. Third, they worship ‘va′irgit’, the supernational being beneficial for nature. Fourth, spirits of the directions reside in each four directions, among which east, west, and south are favorable directions while north is a harmful direction for humans. Fifth, the universe is symmetrically comprised of 3 worlds, ‘world above the sky’, ‘world above the earth’, and ‘world under the earth’. Sixth, кele is an evil spirit which steals the sun in the Chukchi creation myths.

최근 다보스포럼에 참석한 전세계지도자들은 유가의 하락, 중국의 경제성장둔화, 금융시장의 변동성에 대해 심각한 우려를 표명했다 (CNNMoney, 2016년 1월 20일). 본 논문에서는 높아지고 있는 이러한 우려를 반영해서, 한국 중국 일본 주식시장을 대상으로 수익률 전이효과를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 Diebold and Yilmaz (2012, 2009)의 일반화전이효과의 정의와 측도, 그리고 반복회귀분석을 사용하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 전체표본기간(1993년 1월～2015년 9월)에 대한 정적 실증분석 결과, 예측오차분산의 11.5% 이상이 총전이효과에 의해 설명될 수 있음을 발견하였다. 둘째, 150일-반복회귀를 이용한 동적 실증분석 결과, 한중일 지수들 간의 시간가변성을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 중국주식시장은 아시아금융위기(1998-1999) 기간에는 한국·일본 주식시장에 비해 총전이효과의 변동성이 현저히 낮았다. 하지만 중국주식시장은 주권분치개혁(2005-2007) 이후 한일 주식시장과 높은 동조화현상을 보여주었다. 이를 통해 중국의 주권분치개혁이 중국주식시장의 글로벌화에 지대한 공헌을 했음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 전 세계 제2위의 경제대국(GDP 기준)이자 주식시장(상하이선전주식시장 포함)인 중국을 중심으로 글로벌 포트폴리오의 분산이익을 추구하고자 하는 개인 및 기관투자자에게 유용한 정보가 될 수 있을 것이다.