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A Comparative Study on Northeast Asian bear-culture Cho, Yoon-Kyoung This thesis attempts to clarify the bear culture already widely spread over the Northeast Asia throughout the history by studying the myth, legends and epics of the ancient races and countries of the Northeast Asia. This study mainly prepares the biar culture of a few small races of the Northeast of China(Elunchunzu, Ewenkezu), the Korean race of Korea. Because the race of these two countries are in the Northeast Asia, it would be obvious that they must have been various significant or insignificant exchanges between them, and therefore, they have the culture of same features: bear totemism, bear respect etc. Through the foregoing study, we can not only understand the procedure of the races of Northeast Asia, but also estimate the process of the cultural development of other races under similar natural environment in the same or different districts, or the development porcess of the whole human race.

Study on the myths of alpine tribes in Taiwan Lee, In-Tack This paper deals with the mythic stories, especially motifs of origin of human, flood and brother-sister marriage, shooting of the sun of Ami, Ataya and Bunun tribes who belong to the majority group among Taiwanese alpine tribes, from the comparative perspective. This paper tries to further clearly investigate the mythic origin, relation & influence between tribes, universal or local common thinking way, and the unique characteristics of each tribe. As a result, we can confirm the following facts: First, the stone motif among creation mythic stories can be considered as the general type which a lot of countries preserve, and the myth of Ataya tribe contains the cosmology of sexual equality; second, the finding of the way of prosperity through the animal's teaching, the marriage of mother and son, the birth from a gourd, and the marriage of brother and sister+flood are the unique characteristics of the alpine tribes. And the concurrent shooting of the sun and the moon, and the appearance of the concept myth such as good and evil are very impressive. In terms of thought, the sexual equality, the divinity of humankind, the relation between man and nature, the existence of female founders, and the Totemism might be the representative thoughts of the alpine tribes. The relation between tribes can be organized as follows: Ataya=Truku=Kvalan, Bunun=Tsou, and Ataya=Bunun=Truku. On the other hand, Ami tribe is relatively isolated and also seems to be related to the south western minor ethnic group, Korea, and Okinawa.

The early Neolithic Culture of the downstream area of the River Amur and the Maritime Province Kim, Jae-Youn The Osipovka Culture is represented as the start of the Noelithic Age in the downstream area of the river Amur and belongs to around 13000B.P found with the microblade and the Old pottery. In the Maritime Province, it shows similar archaeological aspect later than this time. Appearance of the Old pottery in the early Neolithic Age seems the result of the adoption to the natural environment. The downstream area is one of the most earliest areas in the East Asia. Related to the start time of the Pan-eastern sea cultural area, it is not certain whether it starts from the early Neolithic Age or not as the remains of the Old Pottery stage has not be found in the eastern coast of Korea yet.

A study on the stonge daggers from Far Eastern Region of Russia in 1st mil. B.C., Kang, In-Uk In this study, author analyzes the chronology, typological attributes of stone daggers in the Far Eastern Region(Primorie as belows). Firstly, author divides the stone daggers into four types based on tang shapes. I type has round or rectangular shaped tang, on which separative hilt could be inserted. II type has an oval shaped tang, on which cord could be winded to support steady handling of hilt. Especially, II type is subdivided into two subgroupds, dependant upon the pommel shape. III type belongs to hilt dagger with knot on pommel. IV type is similar to hilt dagger in Korean peninsula. As for the chornology, the appearance of stone dagger in Primorie is related to the diffusion of stone cist tombs culture(or Shaoyingzi culture) from Yanbian area in 12～10 th cet. B.C.. II-2 type, whose pommel are strongly similar to Karasuk dagger ones, could be dated to the late period of Karasuk Bronzes(around 10th cen. B.C.). III and IV types is only found in Yankovsky culture. so it could be dated to 8～3rd cen. B.C. As mentioned above, stone daggers in Primorie could be dated to 2 period. First period is pre-yankovsky culture(I,II type) and second period is during Yankovsky culture(III,IV type). As for the origin of stone daggers, the usage of stone daggers in Primorie is concerned with the diffusion of bronze age culture from Manchuria, and karasuk bronze also contributed to formation of pommels. As Yankovsky culture spread ovet the coastal area of Primorie and Anuchino culture in continent III, IV types were used. Previously some researchers regarded III,IV type daggers as result of diffusion of Tagar culture. But, there is no concrete evidences of cultural interactions between Primorie and Souther Siberia. So. authour suggested that the formation of III, IV type dagger were developed autonomously from I,II daggers. The existence of stone daggers in Primorie is unique only for Primorie and Korean Peninsula. So, to investigate stone daggers in Primoire could shed light on the research on the bronze age of Korea as a comparative examples of stone dagger's usage in bronze age.

Tomb culture at Yangsan Area in Three Kingdoms Period reviewed on the burial goods customs Chang, Yoon-Chung Based on the recent tomb excavations at Yangsan area, this work highlights the burial goods and their customs. As a result of that, the periodical changes were detected at the main tomb sector and also the burial goods were found from each different burial sector. For example, there are various burial methods of objects were found from Sotori tomb site. In case of the earthen coffin, the burial goods were laid in the same way of Gimhae and Busan areas whereas the wooden panelled coffin held the burial goods in the methods of Ulsan and Gyeongju areas. Also there are two different types of burial methods such as stone outer-coffin pit tomb and side entrance stone room tomb. According to the burial facilities, the location of the tombs had been varied. In case of the side entrance stone room tomb, the direction of the deceased head had been mainly located towards the north and it seemed to be established since Habukjeong. And in terms of the burial goods, the pottery found from the entrance and the other side of the entrance were seemed diverse and so this means that each pottery carried different context. On the other hand, the possessed artefacts of the deceased such as sherd of the Golden crown(出 shape), Silver belt, swords all belong to the Silla. The horse ornaments and equipments made of iron also identified that this specific area Yangsan might be laid rather lower position than Silla (then Gyeongju) in those days.

The Status of Chinese poems in the age of enlightenment through Sushinsa - mainly about the exchanged poems of the first and second Sushinsa - Hur, Kyung-Jin․Cho, Young-Sim This journal aims to examine the status of Chinese poems in the age of enlightenment through the exchanged poems which were written by the first and second Sushinsa. The first Sushinsa intended to recover the relationship between Chosun and Japan and they also intended to explore the condition of Japan. Compared to the first Sushinsa, the second Sushinsa were more concerned to solve the diplomatic issues between Chosun and Japan. Therefore, Kim Gi-soo and Kim Hong-jip who were the leader of each Sushinsa had different attitudes to the duty of Sushinsa. The Japanese people whom Sushinsa met were different from the past times. The Japanese people whom Sushinsa met were government officials or noblemen who had no more political power or other kinds of common people. Sushinsa exchanged and shared some ideas with Japanese(who were mentioned above) by writing Chinese poems. Compared to Chosen Tongshinsa(朝鮮通信使) of the past, Sushinsa had a different purpose to visit Japan. Also, Sushinsa did not have enough time to exchange Chinese poems because they could take the better transportation than the past. Moreover, Japan did no longer consider that Sushinsa had a role for the cultural exchange like before. The tendency(the purpose of cultural exchange between Chosen and Japan had been shifted to the diplomatic level from the cultural level) were continued after the age of Kim Gi-soo and Kim Hong-jip. These kinds of condition led to descend the status of Chinese poems gradually.

A study of phonological characteristics in Yongcheol Park's poems on the basis of syllable structure Cho, Sung-Moon The purpose of this paper is to investigate phonological characteristics in Yongcheol Park's poems on the basis of syllable structure. That is, I divide the syllables of poem into onset, nuclear, and coda, then observe which phonemes are used frequently. The study of Yongcheol Park's works sufficiently obtains a substantial argument in view of the literary theory. However, it is insufficient for the linguistic method. Poetry is based upon the relationship of similarity among sounds. Sounds perceived as similar to one another create acceptable rhythm pairs. Because sounds are hierarchically arranged in languages, patterns in poetry can reveal the priority order within this hierarchy. So, with respect to the phonological patterns of Korean, I have analyzed all of Yongcheol Park's works. At last I found the priority order of Yongcheol Park's poems within sound hierarchy. Most common are syllables with no onset and no coda pairs. With respect to acoustic features, the most frequent syllable utilize the [+sonorant] feature. This pattern remains consistent over time.

Study on Diaspora in Migration Literature and its Educational Significance Park, Seung-Hee Sim Yeon Su’s literature and immigrant literature’s historic value can be realized through communication with this age, here and now. Here, there is reason why immigrant literature including Sim Yeon Su’s is put up in the front of the literature of this age and furthermore the national literary history. To attain this, we have to organize immigrant literary history beforehand. Organizing immigrant literature is to detect and explore the historic process of immigrant literature and its prospect and to set it up as the core of our literature. Also, immigrant literary history should communicate with us, now, through literary education and history education, etc. Thus, it is necessary to reorganize the curriculum of literature and reestablish immigrant literature as the chief process. In particular, now is the time when education to make students understand multiple identity beyond the national border of multicultural society is urgently needed, so it is a valuable thing to do to examine what’s inside of immigrant literature represented with literary language. Immigrant literature including Sim Yeon Su’s is the crucial results produced by the national literary history in the period of colonization across the inside and outside of the region, immigration, and national border. Especially his linguistic aesthetics, history of immigration and sensitivity, and unique embodiment of modernism are the critical fruition of our literary history. Now it is our duty to create new humanistic thinking beyond the nation as well as national education through Sim Yeon Su’s literature and immigrant literature. It is because it is about our own identity issue of this time and also our own stories as history entities after all.

A Study on the Buddhist Temple Location of the most Revered Priest Do-sun by Esoteric Scriptures and the Comparison of the Silla and the Tang Dynasties Feng-Shui Thoughts in the 9th Century. Kim, Sang-Tae Great monk Do-sun, one of the typical monks of the Shilla dynasty in the 9th century, has to be known as the pioneer who started the Korean Feng-Shui thoughts. The background of Zen Buddhist monk Do-sun learning about the Feng-Shui thought can be known that he established temples on the basis of it which he learned it from China when it was popular. However comparing the temples which he had planned and built in the Jeolla province, there are some differences in the basic planning of temples with the Feng-Shui thoughts. On the basis of this background the purpose of this study is to find the mutual relations with the master plans of the Korean and Chinese temples based on Feng-Shui thoughts in the 9th century and to look through the Buddhist scriptures about the location analysis for planning the temple buildings to find the principle generation of the 9th century East Asian Buddhist temple planning. The objects would be the 9th century Chinese and Korean Zen Buddhist temples which were constructed on the basis of the Feng-Shui thought. The objects for China would be Nanchan-si, and Foguang-si and the Korean temple lists, which are located in the Jeolla province established by monk Do-sun through the Feng-Shui thoughts, are Manboksaji in Namwon, Sunamsa in Seungju, Okryongsaji and Unamsa in Kwangyang, Unjusa in Hwasoon, Dogapsa and Moowhisa in Youngam. As the results of the study, monk Do-sun was an Esoteric and Zen Buddhist monk who used both Feng-Shui thoughts and housing site planning in the Esoteric Buddhist scriptures for planning temples.

A Preliminary Study on Confucianism and Music in the Joseon Dynasty Choi, Jae-Mok This paper is a preliminary study on confucianism and music in the Joseon dynasty. In Joseon dynasty, not only having the development of Confucian ritual(禮, Rye), but also having the development of the Confucian music(樂) by Confucian scholars and Scholars officials. In the first time, the Confucian music did not highlighted on the front of the society in the Joseon Dynasty that was the Confucian society, compare with the Confucian ritual. The Confucian rituals had became widely available even in the palaces also in the private life of people. But the Confucian music, at first, was used only for ceremonies and the national level events. It is the Aak(雅樂) that is the music for use in ceremonies, and the Dangak(唐樂) that is the music for use making be bright, be correct the palace. Hyangak(郷楽) is the unique music of the country have inherited in Korea. The Aak and Jeongak is based on classical texts of ancient and medieval Chinese literature and philosophy, such as the Riji(禮記, The text on confucian ritual), the Analects of Confu년(論語) etc. In the the Joseon dynasty, as a national project created the most important Confucian classic music books is Akhakgwebeom(樂學軌範) edited by Songhyon(成俔), a canon and the manual of confucianism music of Joseon, musical instruments, music system etc is recorded in detail. When the late Joseon dynasty, from the national level to the private sector be discussed and practiced, by the Confucian scholars, so called, Sonbi(士, confucian scholars). It is just Muinomak(文人音樂, Confucian scholars Music), such as Jeongak(正樂) as the Aak(雅樂), means just correct, pure and good music.

Nation-narrative and diplomacy awareness in Taekeukhakbo during the Korea’s Enlightenment Era Seo, Eun-Young This paper focuses on early 20's, Students who studying Japan have been a crisis in Chosun Dynasty, and consciousness the World. They published journal called <Taekeukhakbo>. Taekeukhakbo is the major academic journal during that time. This journal started as club study Japaness for studying abroad in Japan. After student participated various opinions and studied about literature, Paticularly looking at a foreign policy. In so doing, the study reviews figure out their thoughts, point of view, political stances and so on. Also this work understand within the context of the making of modern ‘nation-state` discourse and civilization-enlightenment. Students who studying Japan have been Empire's dominant discourse places position of a half-Enlightment, a half-civilization. They insists needs to have connection with between the nations for overcome a crisis being extinct a nation. These thoughts have thinking of ‘a equal standpoint’ between Chosun Dynasty and Empire. Becoming civilization-enlightenment and establishing diplomatic relations within each another nations can live in built on interdependence. The writer written <Taekeukhakbo> claims ‘Chosun's spirit’ as the spirit of nation-state. ‘Chosun's spirit’ are self-generating, natural abilities. The student studying Japan extend various possibility of making project nation-state.

A Study on the Structural Equation Modeling among Mother's Attachment, Self-Esteem, Emotional Control, and Unadaptive Behavior for Multi-culture Children Heo, Gyun The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among mother's attachment, self-esteem, emotional control, and unadaptive behavior of multi-culture children. Subjects are 146 elementary school students with multi-culture environment whose mother is a foreigner. The results show that as follow: First, as the result of structural path analysis to find out how mother's attachment affects to children's positive self-esteem. Mother's attachment is significant direct influence to children's positive self-esteem. Second, mother's attachment is significant direct negative influence to unadaptive behavior. Third, positive self-esteem is a positive significant direct effect to the emotional control. But it is not significant affect to the unadaptive behavior. Forth, emotional control is a negative significant direct effect to unadaptive behavior. Fifth, by the effect analysis of structural equation modeling, indirect effect is significant from mother's attachment to emotional control. It is found that the self-esteem is one of important mediated latent variable.

The Development and Effects of a School Violence Prevention Program Using Card-System in Low Structure Areas on School Violence in Elementary School Kim, Jong-Un The purpose of this study was to develop the school violence prevention program and examine the effects of the school violence prevention program using card-system in low structure areas on school violence in elementary school, Among six elementary schools for education welfare investment priority zone, two elementary schools was randomly assigned for this study. It was sampled 230 forth, fifth, and sixth-grade students from B elementary school at Dong-gu, Busan who had participated in the school violence prevention program using card-system in low structure areas, and another 218 forth, fifth, and sixth-grade students from Y elementary school at Saha-gu, Busan who had participated in the violence prevention program. The instruments of this study were School Violence Questionnaire. The average and standard deviation were calculated and the differences between the pre and post-tests calculated, processed by SPSS WIN 18.0. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: the school violence prevention program using card-system in low structure areas was more effective to enhance the coping skill of school violence victim and to reduce school violence needs, and to increase report frequency of school violence than the school violence prevention program without card-system in low structure areas.

A Study on the Strategies for Successful Implementation of Local Policing in Multi-cultural Society of Korea Huh, Yong-Hoon Korea is recently changing quickly to a multi-race and multi-cultural society as the numbers of incoming foreign workers and international marriage are rapidly increasing. As a byproduct of this change, the number of crimes committed by foreigners also has been increasing. Under this context, this study is to explore the realities of local policing for crime prevention in Korea multi-cultural society, and to provide policy strategies for successful implementation of local policing for crime prevention. Through library studies and interviews with police officers, this study suggested the following five strategies: 1) to expand neighborhood-oriented policing against foreign community for crime prevention 2)to reinforce problem solving-oriented policing to solve various problems in foreign community 3) to strengthen police governance for sustainable joint efforts among the police, local government, public and private agencies, and members of community 4) to establish the education training program for cultivating men of talent to handle the multi-cultural society problems 5) to enlarge community participation in identifying and setting priorities of community problems, and so on.

Tourism development of the estuary of the Nagdong river from viewpoint of waterfront Lee, Kwang-Kook․Yhang, Wii-Joo The estuary of Nagdong river lies in a buffer zone between the western Busan region that integrates physical facilities related to a port and an industrial complex and the middle Busan region that redevelops the urban core. So the tourism development of this area needs be approached with the viewpoint of urban competitiveness, sustainable development, and urban regeneration of Busan. This research is to review the study area through four master plans from the point of waterfront. Busan tourism development master plan is a legal plan formulating every five years under the Tourism Promotion law. The result of these findings suggested as follows: First, the status of the study area is promoted from a fringe area to interested area and also recognized as the place with development potential due to the emphasis of coastal tourism since the 2nd plan. Second, the estuary dam, a man-made facility that exists between the river and the sea, has been an obstacle in developing the area. Third, though the study is influenced on building future Busan, the priority of development is limited because of the greenbelt and legal conditions.

A comparative study on Korean and Chinese spatial adjectives - focused on {deep} - Ju, Song-Hee This paper discusses the research direction of the contrastive study on meanings of Korean and Chinese spatial adjectives focused on the meanings starting from the importance of spatial adjectives. Based on this, vocabulary ‘deep’ is selected to be done the concrete contrastive study. This paper shows that the information of meanings of dictionaries is insufficient through the analysis of dictionaries, which the existing study is mostly based on the information of dictionaries and only gives the simple contrast whether the vocabulary has the meaning or not. And also it points out that based on the materials of language, the meaning system of vocabulary should be grasped and the contrast should be provided if the contrastive study is done in depth. This paper also proposes that it is necessary to establish the contrast of meaning system and the frame of meaning contrast from the broader point of view. It also discusses that the frame of meaning contrast should be established on the basis of the original attributes of spatial adjectives and the appearance of meaning extension which is based on the direction of meaning extension of general vocabulary. Based on the above discussion, 16058 examples of ‘deep’ and 53497 examples of {深} among 60 million eojeol of modern primitive corpus from 21st Century Sejong Project which is established by the National Institute of the Korean and 700 million eojeol from Modern Chinese CCL Corpus (online version) which is established by Center for Chinese Linguistic PKU are chosen in this paper. According to this, the meaning system of {deep/深} is grasped and the frame of meaning contrast is established. This paper tries to clarify general commonness and distinct characteristics of the meaning of {deep/深} by contrasting the meaning.

The theory and practice of phonetical training on Chinese - Focused on the contrast of Korean and Chinese syllable - Kim, Jeong-Pil․Kim, Chang-Gyeong The main purpose of this sentence is to help korea people who are studying chinese by comparing the features of between korean and chinese'speech construction from two points. This sentence is consist of Section 2 of the Consonant training‘s the theory and practice, and Section 3 of Vowel training’s the theory and practice Under two preconditions which are length contrast of korea and china's syllable and contrast of ‘articulation place’. The second section of consonant's contrast analyze was consisted as the following. The third section of Consonant‘s contrast analyze was consisted through three contrast way. In the body, two premises requiring korean's studying about chinese were described as follows. First one, difference of pronunciation habit between korea and china is not a simply case of vowels and consonants, it is the most important of length contrast of syllable with having length of vowels and consonants. Namely, In korea, consonants is comparatively pronounced more longer than vowel. Otherwise, Regarding China's syllable, consonant is pronounced more shorter than vowel to solve another problem such as intonation. By acting consonants rather strongly pronounced consonants part is relatively long, and the vowel is pronounced short. Second, first of all, Korean is use final consonant based on top and bottom of operation of tongue but the Chinese by moving the tongue around the horizontal by the action has a phonological discrimination. Perhaps the Chinese language, tone in a language and Korean is classified length in a language seem to reveal a difference of pronunciation method according to pronunciation habit.

Awareness of Life in Nineteen Ancient Poems and Wei-Jin lyric poems Lee, Kyu-Il ｢Nineteen Ancient Poems｣ is the work of the lower writers who became wanderers to seek a path of life due to breakdown of peoples’ lives and chaotic politics caused by a war in the end of Han Dynasty. The term “life” in ｢Nineteen Ancient Poems｣ contains their thoughts about life. The view of life started to appear in Chinese lyric poetry in earnest. Many writers of the Wei-Jin Period copied Nineteen Ancient Poems so the emotion of life in the work continued to be in the Wei-Jin Period. The emotions of life expressed in Wei-Jin Period are divided into four. First, people consider life vain and sad, resigning the moment of time. Sadness is presented as an authentic value in the theory of literatures of the Wei-Jin Period. Second, it is hedonism of avoiding fear of death. The work with such a characteristic denies social values such as social accomplishment and wealth & honor. Third, the value of life is pursues through social accomplishment. The creation of literatures is included as well. The great literature was supposed to remember forever even after poets dye. Fourth, it is a view of naturalism life that thinks rationally the reason of life.

Museums in East Asia and Shaping Historical Knowledge at early 20th century Ha, Sae-Bong This thesis examines analyzing how historic knowledge was shaped in museum. Examining by Tokyo Imperial Museum, Government General Museum of Taiwan, Yi Wang Ga Museum, Government General Museum of Chosun, and NanTong Museum of late 19th and early 20th century, tried to find out similarities and differences. These museums are similar in that they adopt museums as modern system considering models of other countries(Europe or Japan) and exhibitions played important roles in gathering relics. Experts who leaded adoption of western civilization played an important role. These experts were conservatives who valued tradition and relics while they aimed for western civilization. It originated in the character of museum system. Historical Knowledge by museums was constituted with five combinations of conceptions which are nationality, locality, coloniality, and artistry. Every museum cannot help having modernity for museum itself is modern system. Modernity was symbolized by museum building of western style in Yi Wang Ga Museum, Government General Museum of Chosun. Tokyo Imperial Museum revealed nationality in that it tried building of imperial history which includes colonies. In early time, Tokyo Imperial Museum pursued modernity and artistry, however it concentrated on artistry than modernity later. We can find locality in that Tokyo Imperial Museum tried to find meaning about Japanese art by relating with natural characteristics. It is Taiwan Governor Museum that extremely expressed coloniality and artistry was not considered. Government General Museum of Chosun could not be exceptions of features of coloniality, but it need to recognize that artistry was focused all over the exhibitions. It was NanTong Museum that most directly expressed locality. Like these, Museums of East Asia established in around 1900 made different historical knowledge by varying weigh of five factors, nationality, locality, modernity, coloniality and artistry.

A Postcolonial Interpretation on Hsiao-Hsien Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women Ko, Hyun-Chul This paper aims to develop a postcolonial interpretation on Hsiao-Hsien Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women in terms of the concepts of postcolonialism including ‘dominat period’, ‘hegemonic period’, ‘decolonization’, ‘cultural hybridity’ and ‘ambivalence’. The results of the investigation are summarized as the following. First, the paper investigates that Hsiao-Hsien Hou’s Film The Puppetmaster is represented ‘dominat period’ of postcolonialism, Film A City of Sadness is represented ‘hegemonic period’ of postcolonialism, And, Film Good men Good Women is represented ‘dominat period’ and ‘hegemonic period’ of postcolonialism. Second, the paper also argues that Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women are the cinema of objective observation that is based on the alienation effect. Third, it investigates that Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women all apply ‘cultural hybridity’ and ‘ambivalence’, that is, the concepts of postcolonialism. Finally, it is claimd that Hou’s Films A City of Sadness, The Puppetmaster, Good men Good Women have the limit that are softly resist against the Japanese imperialism not only ‘hegemonic period’ of postcolonialism but also ‘dominat period’ of postcolonialism.

A Study on the Change of China's Influence on the North Korea after the South Korea and China Normalization: Focusing on the Change of North Korea-China Relations Li, Cheng-Ri These days the impact of North Korea on the Northeast Asian region is quite significant. The nuclear issue of North Korea has emerged as the most important diplomatic and security challenges in Northeast Asian countries, and becomes a more sensitive issue due to the instability of the North Korean situation. In order to settle these diplomatic challenges and to maintain peace and stability in the region, it is very important to comprehensively analyze the impact of China on North Korea, considering the increasing influence of China on the region over the past decades and close relationship between China and North Korea, known as the so-called "lips and teeth relations". After being defeated in the 1895 Sino-Japanese War, China had been cut off from the Korean peninsula for more than half a century. The country was involved in Korea by sending hundreds of thousands of soldiers to the Korean War in October 1950 under East-West Cold War system which started after World War Ⅱ. In July 1961, China and North Korea signed the "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" and built an alliance between the two countries. Until the diplomatic ties between China and South Korea in August 1992, China and North Korea had maintained the fraternal relations in political, economic, military and social issues. Since the normalization of South Korea and China, however, the China-North Korea relationship has significantly changed, and China's influence on North Korea was doubted. How did today's North Korea-China relations change from the past alliance relations? And to what extent does China have influence on North Korea? This paper tries to analyze, based on the awareness of these issues, the impact of normalization of South Korea-China on the relationship between North Korea and China, especially the influence of China on North Korea in politics, the economy, military and other fields. At the same time, the potential impact China will have on North Korea in the future will be analyzed.

The Consideration of「Jaeguigumun(The Sentence of Reflexive)」Which Shows The Relation of Possession - Focus on Relation between Intention and Action of Ga-case Noun - Lee, Sang-Won〮․Son, Dong-Ju The verb of Japanese language is classified into two groups: the transitive verb and intransitive verb, it is generally classified by the form whether it has the positional case of ｢o｣or not. But among the verbs taking the positional case of ｢o｣, there is a sentence of reflexive that the reflexivity is bringing about the conditional changes in which the action of an activist does not influence the object but influence the activist himself. The research about these examples of the sentence of reflexive has been pointed on the verb which is similar to the intransitive verb whether it has the direct passive sentence or not. But as a result of the analysis of the reflexive sentence, we have known that the positional case of noun taking ｢o｣ and ｢ga｣ has been composed of a possessive relation each other. Such a possessive relation is classified into 4 and again it is classified as a sentence of reflexive. And whether the relation is the intentional and active form or not, it has established the most formal sentence of reflexive and then it begins to analyze how the sentence of reflexive approaches to the intransitive verb through some kinds of process. These analyses must be analyzed by the aspect of the clause, the form, and meaning, and through these analyses we will clearly expect how the sentence of reflexive approaches to the intransitive verb in some forms.

A Study on “IKAU” used in the Japanese Text Books of Cheo Hae Sin eo Han, Tak-Cheol․Cho Gang-Hee With a study on IKAI, IKAU revived in the spoken language society in the period of Muromachi, the revision condition, the property and state by meaning classification of modificands are investigated by means of a data analysis of the original text, the revision text, and the republication text of Cheo Hae Sin eo. Renyoukei and Retaikei are used nearly equally in Japanese domestic data, but only IKAU type is used as an adverb in the original text. KAJANG of the Korean translation is also used as an adverb. In the revision text, the various methods such as the revised IKAU from other words, the revised other words from IKAU, and ellipsis of the IKAU part etc. are under consideration, but the revised IKAU is used when the revision condition is modifying or emphasizing the state of degree. The 14 examples in the original text show degrees of adverb. IKAU in the revision and republication text is used as an adverb. When revising, the revised IKAU is used in the strong degree state. The fact that adjective IKAU in Cheo Hae Sin eo is fixed as a degree adverb becomes clear with these facts.

On the Usage of Japanese Langage in the Nichigoruikai - Centered on the Verb, Adjective, and Adjective Verb - Sung, Hee-Kyung In this paper, the writer surveyed and analyzed the differences of the orthography for using the verb, the adjective and the adjective verb between the Wagoruikai and the Nichigoruikai. At the result, the writer surveyed that the verb of the above 2nd column in the Wagoruikai is revised and written as the verb of the above 1st column and below 1st column in the Nichigoruikai. And this verb is written as an irregular verb of ナ line in the Wagoruikai but it is appeared as a revised form of th 5th column regular verb of ナ line in the Nichigoruikai. The サ irregular complex verb of the Wagoruikai, which is come from the one of the Chinese Language stems, is appeared as an example word revised into the verb of the above 1st column in the Nichigoruikai and then the サ irregular complex verb of the Wagoruikai is expressed as a language of Kamikadai(上方語) and the revised verb of the above 1st column in the Nichigoruikai is an example of reflecting the language of Eto(江戶語). There are two kinds of diphthong, [-ou] and [-au] of the verbs in the Wagoruikai. The [-ou]in the Wagoruikai is reflecting the language of Kamikadai(上方語) and the [-au] in the Wagoruikai is originally an old form but it is revised through [-ou], [-oo] and then returned as [-au], reflecting a language of Kamikadai. There are many examples of [-ou] forms of the diphthong verb in the Wagoruikai and the [-au] revised form of the diphthong verb in the Nichigoruikai. These two kinds of verb having [-ou] and [-au] in the Wagoruikai was revised at the time of writing the MJD, because, at the time of compiling the Nichigoruikai, the compile of the diction contained the usages as centered on the language in the area of Tokyo and then these two kinds of diphthong were all united as the only one [-au]. In the forms of adjective, the form of the ｢-し｣ ending of the シク inflective adjective, the form of model ｢-しい｣ having the イ sound, and the form of the model ｢-い｣ having the イ sound of the ending ｢-し｣ of the ク inflective adjective in the Wagoruikai are also appeared as the same examples of ｢-しい｣ and ｢-い｣ forms in the Nichigoruikai. The ｢-し｣ ending form of シク inflective adjective in the Wagoruikai is revised as the form of ｢-しい｣ in the Nichigoruikai, and the ｢-し｣ ending form of the ク inflective adjective in the Wagoruikai is revised as the form of ｢-い｣ in the Nichigoruikai. These revised forms are thought that in the time of compiling Nichigoruikai the general forms of adjective endings had ｢-い｣. The ｢-しき｣ form of the model form of シク inflective adjective in the Wagoruikai is revised as the ｢-しい｣ form having イ sound ending and in the Nichigoruikai and the ｢-き｣form of the model form of ク inflective adjective in the Wagoruikai is revised as the form of ｢-い｣ in the Nichigoruikai. These reforms are reflecting that the modern usages of Japan language is all revised in the time of compiling the Nichigoruikai. The example of inflective verb rewritten in the stem of descriptive verb of Japanese language which is nearly same as the inflective verb using the なり form of the Chinese language and the example of the ｢-い｣ of inflective verb are also described as the same forms in the both Wagoruikai and Nichigoruikai. The adjective verb of Japanese which is nearly same as the entry word of the Chinese is written as the only form of the stem in the Wagoruikai, but the form is written as the revised model form of [stem +な] of the adjective verb in the Nichigoruikai. These revised forms are difficult to think that the frequent degree of using the word in the time of compiling Nichigoruikai was rewritten. The Japanese ｢壯｣ which was come from the entry word of the Chinese is written as ｢-なる｣ of the inflective form of the adjective verb in the Wagoruikai, but it was revised as the generalized form of [stem +な] in the Nichigoruikai and the inflective form of ｢-なる｣ which is the same as the ｢貧｣ is written as the revised inflective complex word of サ. And the inflective form of the adjective verb had the form of [the stem +な] in the Nichigoruikai, and [the stem +な] is same in the Nichigoruikai. But even if the entry word of the Chinese language is same in the both dictionary, the stem word of Japanese is revised as the other word form. These examples are thought to be revised, reflecting the Japanese language at the time of the compiling Nichigoruikai.

The study of the peer response for the Korean learner of the JFL environment - Belief investigation and comparison with the Chinese learner - Ishizuka ken This study is about the bileaf investigation for Korean learners and the comparison with the Chinese learner in this study and analyzed the effect of about thing and being read and the comment to read the composition of the friend mainly. 1) There were a great many answers that were affirmative about reading the composition of the friend, being read composition by 2) friends, saying comment to 3) friends, the effect of the comment of 4) friends both. I performed a peer response for Chinese learners and performed a comparison with the findings of Tanaka (2005) who investigated the bileaf of the learner. There were many answers that are predominantly affirmative in reading the composition of the friend in the case of a Korean learner, being read composition, saying comment, all question items of the effect of the comment, but there were many answers that are affirmative about being read reading the composition of the friend when it is a Chinese learner and one's composition, but there are a great many answers that opposite about the question whether are helpful, are negative, and, in the case of a Korean learner, a thing and the comment of the friend to write comment are contrastive.ẜ

Japanese Great Poetry Her, Hwang-Hoe Modern poetry was born along with the advent of new age, Meiji late in the 19th century in Japan. This paper focuses on 460 poems of over 250 representative poets that had been published from modern poetry to contemporary one by making 󰡔Japanese Great Poetry Collection󰡕 (Gakutousha, Sep. 2000) as a main reference book. When the titles of Japanese poems are divided according to the field, first, personal names, second, nature(phenomena), third, name of a place(name of a country), fourth, name of an animal(bird), fifth, name of a plant(tree) are mainly used in this order. Letters frequently used other than them are song, death, poetry, longing, love, time, and etc. In its marking, Chinese character has a great deal of weight, and there are lots of Chinese character + Hiragana combination. It is noticeable that Gatakana and Roman character have been used with a constant increase since the 1960s. According to their forms, the titles of poems that end with nouns or noun forms hold an overwhelmingly large majority. The ending form that ends with verbs appears in 20 places; past tense form in 16 places. We can see the titles of poems such as ｢Death in battle｣, ｢I am a gunner｣, ｢Warship｣, and etc. from those that had been composed right before and after the World Wars because they seem to be related to the current of the times. A survey through the mail was carried out for over 150 poets selected from ｢The Directory of Poets｣ in 󰡔Contemporary Language Diary 2009󰡕 (Sichousha, Dec. 2008) in April 2008.

The poem study of Hagiwara & Kim choon soo - Focused on the theme about ‘sea’ - Kim, Mi-Ja Hagiwara's poems about sea are fresh. He describes a sea of decay and lack like molusks which are glutinous and slick in his beginning poetry and he gradually describes a viewing sea and a yearning sea. Kim choonsoo's poems of(about) sea are also fresh in his style of poetry. Above all, it's such for him to change into meaningless poetry, and to free from Hangiwara's influence. Kim choonsoo has frequently plagiarized his own poems since his middle poetry. And his pastiche about Hagiwara's poetry expressed in his beginning poetry decreased remarkably. But I could faintly ascertain his pastiche technique about Hangiwara's poetry in his middle poems about sea.

Akutagawa Ryunosuke's A Boy - Realism and the truth of the personal novel - Noh, Young-Sook Published the April and May 1924 issue of the magazine Chuoukouron, Akutagawa Ryunosuke's work, A Boy is composed of six episodes of reflections on his boyhood. Akutagawa intended to explain his true realism through his boyhood expriences. But it isn't important whether his boyhood expriences are real or not, because A Boy isn't a story of his boyhood, but a story of a present problem Akutagawa faced up to. Akutagawa points out the mistake of realistic expression in the writing of personal novels in those days. He thought that true realism is not to describe outer appearance but to express one's mind sincerely for the time. Therefore through the pure eyes of boys and girls Akutagawa revealed mass misunderstandings of the realism of personal novels. The child's eye never lies, and the fantasy world they imagine is also as vivid as a real life for their mind. A Boy shows the true realism through the child's eye. Akutagawa thought true realism was found in a writer's true mind, not in his outer appearance. A Boy is Akutagawa's personal novel, does not lie and shows his true heart at that time.

The study of <Bungaku Annai> magazine-Focusing on the literary argument of activism in Japan Ebihara Yutaka <Bungaku Annai>magazine published in July, 1935. This magazine(the chief editor: Kishi Yamaji) was an expression of his belief after conversion, for the purpose of construction of new literature by the working masses. However this magazine has planed tie-up with activist workers in the early times. Therefore, this magazine was different from before Marxists. This paper aims for analyzing the point of contact between <Bungaku Annai>magazine and Literary of Activism in japan. First of all, I will examine of the literary argument of activism in japan on 1930', the following part, examining how was it developed the literary argument of activism on <Bungaku Annai>magazine in the last stage of it's argument. Through this study, I think what is the point of contact between <Bungaku Annai>magazine and literary of activism workers.

'Korean people’ in Okinawa literature - about the possibility and the limit of the others representation - So, Myung-Sun Korean residents in Japan and the Okinawa people get a lot of partial common features seen when seeing from the imperialism history of Japan. What kind of recognition does the Okinawa people who is minority have for a ‘Korean people’ made minority by a similar process for empire Japan? The purpose of this paper is to consider how Okinawa literature as Japanese minority literature is expressing minority's ‘Korean people’ mainly by the ‘Korean people’ drawn in the Okinawa literature. There are not many works which perform representation of a ‘Korean people’ in Okinawa literature. The first work that draws ‘Korean people’ is “Mr. Saito in the heaven building” of Yamanokuchi Baku announced in the 1930's. This paper makes five novels drawing a ‘Korean people’ between the 1930's and the 1980's the object of consideration. I can confirm an image for the ‘Korean people’ of the Okinawa people through a study about the ‘Korean people’ representation in the Okinawa literature. I can show a process of others recognition of the Okinawa people and possibility and the limit nature of the self-portrait of the Okinawa people with it.