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The Effects of Processing Instruction on the Acquisition of Past-tense Maker in Korean Kim, Chang-Goo Previous studies in second language acquisition show that the ‘input’ plays an important role for successful grammar learning. However, Korean language teachers tend to focus on the output practice rather than the input intakes to developmental system in today’s Korean class yet. The present study examines the relative effects of input-based instruction technique, named Processing Instruction(hereafter, PI) with output-based traditional instruction technique(hereafter, TI) on past-tense maker in Korean. Twenty three beginning Korean learners of Chinese were divided two groups(PI & TI), and received instruction on target item separately. The learners’ knowledge of target form was evaluated by comprehension tasks and production tasks. The results indicated that the leaners in both groups gained from instruction and retained the knowledge of target form after 2 weeks in production tasks. But there was not statistical difference between two groups. In the case of comprehension tasks, the PI group gained greater than TI group in posttest, but there was not statistical difference in delayed posttest. These results suggest that the Processing Instruction is more effective technique than traditional technique, especially at least on comprehension of past tense maker in Korean.

A Study on the Necessity of the Syntax-Analysis Ability for Chinese Reading Comprehension Baek, Su-Jin The purpose of this study is to emphasize on teaching grammar for improving reading comprehension ability. At the actual class practices survey by native chinese, much time was spent on explaining the lexical meaning. The students' reading comprehension degree on the main text was grasped through stop reading and question-response way. There was no explaining grammar. However, from the research results in HSK test score statistics of Korean students, it was confirmed that the students with high test scores in grammar part had also high test scores in reading part. So I suggest the important grammatical elements needed in teaching reading and the analytical methods on these elements.

Contrastive point of view between revised grammar education in the 7th and 2007 - Focused on ｢te-iru｣ and ｢te-aru｣- Lee, Sang-Su researched about the way「te-iru」and「te-aru」appeared in revised textbook of 2007 As the result, 1) in order to let Japanese learners improve their communication ability using Japanese and to be the effective education of Japanese, textbook must suggest a scene which includes the expression using 「te-iru」 actively. 2) to let learners learn about「te-iru」and「te-aru」effectively, not only the basic expressions in communication, but also the grammar and sentence pattern must be suggested. 3) If you suggest the usage of「te-iru」and「te-aru」at the same time, learners would face difficulty understanding it. Therefore, it is necessary for textbook to introduce it in effective order. 4) Japanese education must clarify the intimate connection between 4 linguistic functions. So, this thesis introduced 3 rules of International Exchange Fund(2010) and applied into Japanese grammar education.

The Place of Japanese Language in Huteisenjin by Inosuke Nakanishi Oh, Byung-Woo Inosuke Nakanishi(1887～1958) was born in a countryside of Kyoto. Since his childhood, he had to support himself for his schooling. Sometime around 1910, he went to Korea to work as a reporter for the Pyeongyang Daily Newspaper. He wrote an article criticizing the cruelty imposed on the Korean miners working for the Fujitagumi Mining Company. He was accused of injuring the Mining Company's credit, and sentenced to serve four months in prison. Since about 1920 in Japan, there appeared proletarian literature based on socialist thought. Around that time, many Koreans whose farm land had been forfeited by Japanese government joined Japanese anti-government movements. On the other hand Japanese socialist movement leaders who were against Japanese imperialism helped Koreans for Korean independence movement. For this reason, there were a number of Japanese proletarian writers who used Korean situations as themes for their novels. Nakanishi was a representative of such writers. Nakanishi's work, Huteisenjin, appeared in the Magazine Kaizou, September 1922, presented an interesting point that it described the Korean characters in the story in Japanese language that was the language of colonial rulers. The anonymous main character was presented as a cosmopolitanist, and he had a Korean friend whose fiancée had been killed during the March First Independence Movement. The main character wanted to see her father and went to “K village in E county” with his interpreter. The village was located in Northwest of Korean peninsula and it was at that time a gathering place for “huteisenjin(disrespecting Koreans).” In concluding part, the main character thought, ‘Everything was due to the sins of their nation.’ This was actually the thought of the author. This novel, however, does not directly deal with the colonial rule itself, but only with the unstable psychological changes of the author himself. The author was more concerned with psychological questions such as respect for Koreans or prejudice about Korea, rather than with Japanese colonial rule over Korea. Of course, the author tried hard to transcend his psychological restlessness among the Korean language speakers. But it was not an easy job.

The study of the peer response for the Korean learner of the JFL environment - Focusing on the spoken dimension of language and group organizing - Ishizuka ken This study is about the bileaf investigation for Korean learners and the comparison with the Chinese learner in this study and analyzed the effect of about thing and being read and the comment to read the composition of the friend mainly. This study focuses on the spoken dimension of language, group organizing, quality of group members, and differences between learning from peers or teachers, and then learners’ awareness is analyzed by way of a Belief Survey. Conduct classes in response to those who peer learning Korean, Korean learners in peer-response activities, the learner is focusing on whether you have a consciousness like any belief were investigated. Data were analyzed as answers to questions about the differences between organized groups to learn from the teacher of language and how to use in the discussion, the quality of the group members, especially with friends. For organized groups and the language of discussion is, as compared with the results of the investigation belief that target learners environment JSL was conducted (2007) Tanaka, the results of the survey, learners and Chinese learners Koreans how was analyzed whether the differences seen not.

A Comparative study on the Culture of Brand naming of Automobiles in Korea, China and Japan. Chae, Younghee․Chong, Chooyoun This study examines metaphors of the automobiles' brand naming in Korea, China and Japan. The name of automobile has the metaphor and it contains the high status rather than considering the ‘movement or speed’ that could be the characteristics of automobiles themselves. In the case of large automobiles’ naming, they are used the names that present the status and hierarchy to the owners of their cars. It is caused the social perception that the naming of automobiles is designed to the status-distinction. In the case of midium sized automobiles, the naming of automobiles choses the excellent quality of themselves and the small sized automobiles’ naming does the meaning of vivid, solid and cute images of automobiles themselves. We prefer the method of ‘alphanumeric’ in the field of naming of automobiles and it means the cohesion between alphabet and numbers. It could be the way to avoid the ambiguity of different cultures. The naming of automobiles can be classified as the followings : 1) it gives the identity as the merchandise and categorizes the unique traits of automobiles; 2) we have to name automobiles showing the property of them; 3) the well-named automobiles has the personality that could be changed into common noun from proper noun. We believe all products are the kind of symbols or icons and could be understood as the cohesion of material and meaning. The same formula is used the cohesion of physical property and social meaning. In conclusion, we looked that the metaphor for the subjective or common characteristics of various languages and human psychology is reflected in the domestic automobile brand naming.

A Study on the Deep Ecological Patterns of Eastern Ideas in Jeong Hyeon-Jong's Later Poems Kim, Dong-Myeong This study was conceived by a need to refute an argument that Jeong Hyeon-jong deteriorated in his techniques and thoughts in his later poems, which were changed from his earlier ones. The study thus identified three topics proposed in deep ecology connected with Eastern ideas in his later poems as follows: First, his relational implementation of life and equality in his later poems is based on his belief that all phenomena of life involving the organisms of Earth happen in relations. The plants, animals, and people should exist in mutual relations for their own self-realization and for the continuance of all phenomena of life. The second topic is that all creatures of Earth's ecosystem are organic bodies with individual life, complementarity, and self-restoration and should embody diversity as living organisms. Comprised of organic bodies, Earth's ecosystem should ensure its diversity not to lose its homeostasis. Finally, man and nature as parts of the life community in the universe make exchanges with each other in creation, termination, death, and revival and make the Earth's ecosystem with repeating phenomena of life. The three topics are connected with Eastern ideas among the major items proposed in deep ecology as alternative thoughts to the crisis of the ecosystem. In his later poems, Jeong overcame the gap between life and death, which was embodied in his early poems, and explored the origin of life, thus deepening the topics.

Narrative oriented in Park Kyung-ni's Early Novels Jang, Su-Kyung The purpose of this study was to investigate the meaning of Park Kyung-ni literature through the aspects of alienation in the eldest sons and daughters raised by single mothers based on her short novels published in the 1950s to 1960s. The main texts for discussion included ｢Dora-on Goyang-i｣, ｢Eunhasu｣, ｢Solbaram｣, ｢Chu-eok｣, whereas other short novels were used as supplementary texts. Park Kyung-ni’ earlier novels focused consistently on the alienation of widows, the said four novels dealt with the alienation of the eldest sons and daughters raised by single mothers. The growth of the eldest sons and daughters raised by single mothers after the war was developed in three aspects. First, they experienced alienation caused by their tragic realities and they self-internalized their external experiences and created their own experiences beyond the external ones, thus completing the growth of individuals in the twisted history. Second, a sense of alienation felt by the people was strengthened after the war due to the poverty and terror derived from the cracks of their community. Third, the protagonists equipped with refined self-ego could not conform to the realities and built the boundaries between themselves and the world via alienation. The protagonists tended to have ‘an aversion to ordinary customs, which would be characterized by excessive shyness, stubborn mysophobia and arrogance’, and they voluntarily alienated themselves from outside world. The reason for their obstinate choice of alienation in their distorted growing process was that they wanted to complete their growth through the struggle against their inner self in the process of modernization. The alienation felt by the figures in the novels ended up with completing love through ‘making relationships’ of the so-called re-formation of family. Park Kyung-ni viewed ‘family’ and ‘love’ as the most important elements in people's growth and this was closely connected with ‘a will to life’, which was the central theme of her literature. The width of its epic was in turn expanded into human beings, society and nature.

The Study of the Relationships between Old Mesopotamian Civilization and Old Joseon Kim, Chae-Su I studied on the titles of ‘Old Joseon’ and ‘Joseon’, the meaning of chinese ‘chaóxiān’ and its process of formation, the reality of Old Joseon, and etc. The conclusion is as the following. The Altai Civilization of the Central Asia which was formalized in the influence of Mesopotamian Civilization in Bronze Age, proceeding east with the northern steppe road of the Eurasian Continent made Liaohe Civilization occur in the Liaohe districts of the East Asian. The Old Joseon was established as a dynastic country with the Liaohe Civilization as its setting. When we think about the relationship between the Old Joseon and Mesopotamian Civilization in these perspectives, we can say that by going eastward with the northern steppe road on the Eurasian Continent it was formalized in the process of the Mesopotamian civilization in the bronze days It was about the twenty sixth century that the early bronze culture was formalized in Liaohe region under the influences of Altai bronze civilization which Mesopotamian bronze culture had made occurred. Before the Altai bronze civilization reached Liaohe districts these was the neolithic stone culture of Hongsan in the east side of Liaohe district at those days. Three affiliations of tribal people lived there with Hongsan culture as the setting when the Altai bronze civilization reached there. After two or three centuries, a union state of tribal people occurred in the east side of Liaohe district. After that it developed into an dynastic country what we called Tankun Joseon at around 2330 year B.C.. It was established with the Sienpi people as the lower part and with the Yeomaeg people as the top part. The Sienpi people came from the southern Mongol district, and they entered the west side of Liaohe region. The Yeomaeg people came from Ashu region of northern Mesopotamia area. They entered the west-northern side of Liaohe through the Altai district. Since the East-North Project was formed, Chinese scholars of chinese old history have been rewriting their Chinese history of the old age in the perspective of Whanghe Civilization into that of it in the perspective of Liaohe Civilization. But we know that the Old Joseon Country was established for the first time at the Liaohe districts by our Korean people.

The aspects of invasion of the waegu(japanese pirates) and the countermeasures of the court of Koryo dynasty Yi, Young Japanese historians has insisted that the main reason of rage of waegu was because of the disorders of the land system and the relaxation of military system of Koryo dynasty. This assertion is still widely accepted. To confirm this assertion is right or not, I analyzed and considered the aspects of invasion of waegu, based on the frequency of it. As a result, I clarified that the changes of seas of invasion had the same way of the military situation of Kyushu area of Japan. And I proved my assertion objectively that if the frequency and the phases of invasions changes, the measures of Court of Koryo counteracted too. For example, In the first phase(1350-71), the main measure of the Court of Koryo was defensive and passive. In the second phase(1372-75), the Court of Koryo established and pushed the detailed, aggressive, realistic and effective measures forward. And In the third phase(1376-85), the measure was focused on reinforcing the naval force and the defense diplomacy.

A study of Japanese Chosun travel esseys in late 19 century Moon, Soon-Hee In the studies of modern times Japanese travel essays, imperialistic viewpoints are generally dominating the logics which are contempt of Chosun, justification of colonial administration and emphasis of backwardness of Chosun. In these times, travel essays written by Japanese could not free from these conclusions. However, it is worthwhile to find the traces how these historical records which were based on imperialistic viewpoints were produced and how these symbolized images of Chosun were expansively reproduced. The importance of materials in late 19 century is here. In this paper, we will examine Japanese publications of Chosun travel related books in late 19th century and travel circumstances at that time through travele ssays which were published in1894. When we see the Japanese publications of Chosun travel essays which were currently verified after opening the port, we can see publications of Chosun related books were rapidly increasing after Sino-Japanese war and Russo-Japanese war in the year of 1894, 1904, 1906 and 1910 and the big incident of Japanese Annexation of Korea. In social backgrounds of rapid increase of Chosun travel essays, first, there were increasing sailing people to Chosun since 1880 and a foreign concession of Japanese residents were located in Chosun in 1890, and the second was Sino-Japanese war. The authors of travel essays which were published at that time were teachers, ordinary citizens, reporters and Buddhists and the contents were composed of introduction of Chosun and necessary informations for travel even though their majors and interests were different in their subjects. But, in travel essays at those times, we can tell that an overall symbol of Chosun was not established and different imperialistic viewpoints have existed between the authors under the influences of those times and outside of such influences.

Koreans’ Perception of the Northern Border Area Lee, Sung-Hwan In this thesis presented several features of the main discussion is as follows. First, the Korean perception of the northern boundary is not clear, because it is divided in the Yalu-Tumen River or 38th ceasefire line. To the lower generation, 38th line tends to be perceived as boundary of the north border. Second, about 67% of Koreans are aware of the Gando, and around 45% know that Gando is currently the territory of China as Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture. In particular, little of over the age of 60 were aware of Gando, given that the Gando issue is opened as the discourse of Korean society in earnest after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China. Third, as far as the claim to Gando is concerned, only 28.6 % of Koreans think that Gando belongs to Korea. The territorial consciousness of Gando, however, is strong among those who had higher education and knew the Gando Agreement. Interestingly, there is some inconsistencies between territorial consciousness of Gando and awareness of Korea's northern border. Many Koreans who know Gando and think that Gando is under the Korean sovereignty, consider the Yalu-Tumen River Line as the Korean north border. Fourth, the possibilities of returning Gando to Korea are not large. Among those who consider Gando as territory of Korea, not much more than 42.2%(20.1% of the total sample) think about the possibility of attribution of Gando to Korea positively. Nevertheless, the more people get the knowledge of Gando Agreement, the higher is the prospect of returning Gando to Korea. It seems indirectly to imply the injustice of the Gando agreement. Fifth, the government of South Korea doesn't claim sovereignty over the Gando to China. There are pros and cons(45.6%) for it. One of the most significant reasons of no action of the Korean government is the possibility of worsening relations with China. Only 23.0% insist sovereignty over the Gando, despite all these. Sixth, for Koreans, condominium of both Korea and China is the most preferable solution of the Gando problem. And the most urgent measure for South Korean government to do is to support the survival and maintenance of Korean Culture in Gando. Seventh, it is worth remembering there is a tendency in which the Gando issue is considered to be more important than the Korean unification. With regard to South and North Korea unification issues, this has implications that the consciousness of the need for unity is weakening.

A Study on the History of Immigration in Gyeongsang-do Village in Yanbian Area - Focusing on Aradi Village Park, Seung-Hee The Gyeongsang-do Village, ‘Aradi’, located in Kirin, Yanbian is a representative village that shows the special process of Gyeongsang-do’s history of immigration and the lives after that. This survey and research are significant in that they examine the lives and reality of the history of immigration by studying the changes of the immigrants that settled down early by generations as well as its identity as a village of Gyeongsang-do Village with ‘Aradi Village’. This study examines the process of the immigration performed voluntarily unlike the process of immigration during the 1930’s and the process that people from Gyeongsang-do gathered to form a group and also their competition with Han and their true lives living as Chosun-jok within the socio-political changes in China. The results of this paper are as follows: First, ‘Aradi’ people in Gyeongsang-do Village still maintain the twofold way of life having the identity of the village as their mental matrix and living under the social structure in China as well. Second, there is much difference in the understanding of Chosun and recognition of social culture by generations.

The advocate of ‘State/Nation Building’ Movement and Its Ideological Orientation - A Note on The Political Philosophy of BumBu(凡父) Kim Jung Seol(金鼎卨) - Kim, Seog-Gun This paper focuses on the political philosophy of BumBu(凡父) Kim Jung Seol(金鼎卨, 1897-1966). We will review his advocate of ‘State and Nation Building’ Movement and it meaning: the contents and characteristics of that movement, its ideological orientation, and its political implication. Above all, his concern was 'Nation Building’(建國) of Korea after liberation, especially that of actual one beyond institutional and formal nation-building. It includes both ‘state-building’ and ‘nation-building’. The state that he planned was based on 1)a unique view of state of Korean Tranditions, and 2)the nation-state in the contemporary world. Although his ‘State and Nation Building’ Movement had a systemetic concordance, it could be differently interpreted and politically misused under the special social environments. At some times, it could become an idea or an ideology of some political regime. The critics on the first, second Republic of Korea, the positive appraisal of 4․19 and 5․16, his participation to the Association of May Comrades as vice-president, the assertations of 'Korean Democracy' matching the Korean situations indicate such an Ideological Orientation.

The distorted regionality of Busan in the films of Busan in 2000s Kwon Juria The thesis shows the main reasons of collapse of Busan as hinterland of capital area through 12 films of Busan in 2000s. These films focus on the reason of absolute determination of Busan as determinative boundary, unrecoverable unfortune place like as the poor strata, the non-possessive, the weak. The image of failure and compulsion of Busan was due to esthetic basic human kindness seen as the alternative of capitalism. The human kindness of Busan is originated from the intention of the government to use it as informal or non-capital economic source. The human kindness always comes from the imbalance between capital and power. However, as its characteristic of accepting rather than analyzing the essence of the problem, the films compulsory hide the existential agony and misfortune of life. The more problematic point is that in the circumstances of covered misfortune, the process of misfortune is used as interesting goods with emotional government. As remembered with tragical accidents, Busan is the attraction for the drowsy city life. Busan is the exceptional place of identity which is recognized only when it is equipped with unexpected shocks. In this point, two dexterous figure of ruling power, showing and hiding, are reveled through summarizing Busan as basic human kindness and shocks in films of Busan. One hand, the human kindness covers up the failure of city planning, on the other hand, it points out the misfortune excessively so exploit the city in dual ways. In the hierarchy of power, there exist only the center and the border. The place with special originality is not accepted. The locality is the fundamental and relational concept. Also it is complex phenomenological feature made from the senses of social problems and skills of communication, and inter-relation between contexts. Even though it is, the solution can not be found yet. Its reason is that city planning accept the way, and even try to seek its worth of existence through systematize it. Therefore, there is Busan place but only local place planned by ruling power. Through the thesis, it was found through 12 films of Busan that Busan is not special place but normal border called by huge capital area.

An Examination of the Characteristics and Entrained Phrases of Early Types in Gae(偈) - focused on Lotus Sutra](妙法蓮華經) - Park, Jeong-Ryen This study aims to review and analyse the original feature of Yeongsan-hoisang(靈山會上) in Myobub-yeonhwa-gyeong(妙法蓮華經=法華經) which described the buddhism song of Yeongchuisan. Especially, this analysis focused on the formation and the characteristics of ‘Gae’. To analyse, chapter two(II) reviewed the formation and contents of the 28 Pum(form)s, and chapter three(III) classified these ‘Gae’s into ‘Gae-song’(偈頌: recite), ‘Gae-chan’(偈讚: praise) and ‘Gae-eon’(偈言: saying) as the characteristics. ‘Gae-song’ was consisted of five sayings, which forms a short verse form with 8-24 phrases. ‘Gae-chan’ was consisted of verse form which have four or five sayings showing more short phrase pattern compared to ‘Gae-song’, and showed a chorus form singing together or solo. ‘Gae-eon’ was consisted of longer verse form compared to ‘Gae-song’ or ‘Gae-chan’ and composed of 22 forms among 28 forms in Myobub-yeonhwa-gyeong, which illustrate typical formation of Yeongchuisan-hoi-sang. In addition, this Gae-eon' showed more diverse forms of song such as solo, chorus, and bridge song, or AABA form compared to show ‘Gae-song’ or ‘Gae-chan’.

A Comparative Study on the Cultural Sprit and Historic Poetry in Qin(秦)․Chu(楚) Area - Focused on 『Book of Odes(詩經)』and 『Elegies of the South(楚辭)』- Kim, Chang-Gyeong In China, Qin·Chu area formed a unified rule system, but also formed a new political order so-called the reign of the emperor. These two regions with the Yangtze River - Yellow River Basin culture, the pre-Qin era thoughts, customs, and culture play a very important role on understanding of the North and South cultural differences. With a long historical Qin․Chu area also plays the base role of forming 『Book of Odes』and 『Elegies of the South』. Firstly, this paper through discussing the Qin․Chu national characters’ roots and cultural spirit to study the integrity of the Qin․Chu national characters. Then discussed the 『Book of Odes』’s Sacred Poetry(祭祀詩) and 『Elegies of the South』’s Historical Poetry(詠史詩) to analyze the cultural spirit which has such regional features. At last, this paper compared the identity of the national epic of 『Book of Odes』and the particularity of ‘TianWen(天問)’ Epic of 『Elegies of the South』.

The dual political discourse inherited in Lineage Seo, Weon-Nam 随着时代的发展变化，一部分词古今意义或多或少地会发生变化，譬如有的词义扩大，有的词义缩小，有的词义转移了，有的义项消失，有的增加了新义项。阅读古书，面对古今同形同义之词，理解起来自然不成问题，而对那些形同义异者，如果望文生义，就可能出差错。本文根据<史记·列传>所用的词，分析然后归纳整理做一个在古今义之间的变化体系，以便提供作古今义资料库。

A Study on the Blue and White Porcelain of Yuan Dynasyt excavated in Santa Ana Relics of the Philippines Kim, In-Gyu Chinese Ceramics of Yuan Dynasty(1272-1368) excavated in the Philppines, Focusced in Santa Ana, are lead glazed Pottery, Celadon, White Porcelain and Blue and White Porcelain. It was suggested that lead glazed Pottery was product in Quanzhou Kiln in Fujian Province. Chinese Celadon excavated in Santa Ana was Longquan Kiln and the form of it is various such as Jar, Bowl, and Dish and so on. The most of them is small. In special, The jar excavated in Santa Ana is similar to that of Chinese Celadon(About the year of 1323) of Wreck in Sinan Jeallanamdo Province in Korea and that of Kamakura Relics in Japan. and Qingbai excavated in Santa Ana is 54pieces and it consist of Teapal, Dish, and Waterdropper, Brown Dotted Waterdropper of Qingbai was made with baby and Cow is very similar that of Wreck ship of Sinan. So Qingbai of Santa Ana relics was made about the year of 1323. Bule and White Porcelain excavated in Santa Ana relics is about 2% among the Chinese Ceramics of Santa Ana Relics. These Blue and White Porcelain was excavated on the same layer with Qingbai and Red coloured White Porcelain as Leandro and Cecilia Locsin said their book, Oriental Ceramics Discovered in the Philippines, and Blue and White Porcelain Teapal excavated in Santa Ana Relics is shape of gourd and is similar to that of Qingbai excavated in Sinan is considered that Blue and White Porcelain Teapal was made about the year of 1323 of Wreck Ship of Sinan. As above, this fact that Blue and White Porcelain excavated in Santa Ana relics was made about the year of 1323. it means that the production of Blue and White Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty wsa done in the year of 1323 and this is ealier 20 years than 1351 esterblished in the past. And this fact informed to us that chinese Ceramics excavated in Santa Ana relics is very important in detremine the year of production of Blue and White Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty.

National Function and Chinese Expectation on SCO Hur, Jong-Guk SCO is the multilateral security cooperation organizationin in which China has participated and played a crucial role in its political conception and development. With the means of national perspectives, this essay will deal with the way in which the organization has achieved its development from its inception and will provide an analysis to the Chinese expectation to the organization itself as well as the foreign intervention to the Xinjiang and the central Asia. Since the 1990s, the properties of national policies have shown a substantial turn along with the strategic changes of security environment inside the Western part of China whilst the so-called hard-strike policy still remained deadlock over the issue in the area. The separatist group in this area has solidified its international ties especially through the central Asian countries. Therefore, Chinese government realized that it is essential to keep its strong cooperation with those countries in the same area. SCO has shown its great development for ten years while growing up as the major multilateral organization in the Central Asian area. It has been recognized that it has contributed to securing a range of institutional apparatuses for international agenda including anti-terrorism and international economic support, which has helped China itself to solve its political conflicts especially in the Western China. SCO has provided China with various effective ways of political intervention into Western China without leaking any notorious political pressure on the ethnic separatist movement causing political conflicts inside the area. Nevertheless, various problems and conflicts between Asian countries surrounding national interests have emerged as a substantial issue which may have hindered the development of the organization.

Changes in the Effect of Economic Variables and Globalization in the China Stock Market According to Financial Reform Chang, Byoung-Ky․Jiang, Zhuhua The purpose of this research is to explore how the effects of macroeconomic variables and foreign stock prices on the China stock prices have been changed according to financial reform. By applying the newest time series methods, the results show that the impacts of macroeconomic variables on China stock prices have increased. After a structural break (Sep. 2004), in the long-run relationship, industrial production and oil price gave significant effects on China stock price. The effect of interest rate on stock price was changed from negative to positive after the structural break. This phenomenon is prevalent across advanced countries. Although the effect of Hang Seng index on Shanghai index is statistically significant, S&P500 does not give any impact on Shanghai index. It may imply that the globalization of China stock market is limited. Also, in the short-run effect, industrial product, oil price, and Hang Seng index were changed from insignificant to significant variables after the structural break. Overall, the macroeconomic forces on the China stock market have increased. Unlike previous studies, the results of this study imply that the China stock index is becoming a better indicator of Chinese economy. The findings of this research provide important information particularly for investors in revaluing China stocks and for policy makers in constructing Chinese economic policies.

生成与本体之间权 光 镐 一般人们摆脱不了‘生’与‘成’的范畴，按照自己的意图不断地强制他者。这就发生在于没把我与你的关系设置看做互相间的依靠的关系。这就是说不是相等的关系，而是垂直的关系，例如我生你或我成你。这个伦理会发生许多病害。所以本文通过检讨先秦道家所说的生成和魏晋玄学所说的本体的宇宙思维方式，要提示人们的基本思维方式按正轨进行发展的理论的根据。

The Movement and Realization on the Unification of the Written and Spoken Language in Japan - The Letter Improvement Insistence and 󰡔Ukigumo󰡕 - Bark, Young-Sug This paper makes clear that the Ueda Kazutoshi's letter improvement insistence and the concept of mother tongue influenced strongly to be realized background on the unification of the written and spoken language in Japan. Going one step forward, It also makes investigate and consider into specific appearance of realization on the unification of the written and spoken language focusing it's expression of the ｢Ukigumo｣ published by Hutabateishimei. The results are as follows, 1. There has been a conflict between ｢～i;example 25｣ and ｢nashi;example 9｣ on the adjectives. 2. There also has been a conflict between ｢zu;example 3｣, ｢nu;example 20｣, and ｢nai;example 32｣ on the negative auxiliary verve. 3. The type of ｢da｣ has been in rare cases on the formal designated expression. According to compare with 231 used example numbers, the expression differences between dialogue literature and colloquial literature are so harsh that has extremely exhibited on the realized unification of the written and spoken language.

The study of <Teacher Kim & Professor T>by Yoo,Jin-O, adapted into japanese in 1937. -in relation to literary argument of Activism. Ebihara Yutaka Yoo, Jin-O stopped creative activity since he published <Teacher Kim & Professor T> in <Shindonga>magazine in January, 1935. And he suddenly published japanese adaptation <Teacher Kim & Professor T> in <Bunngaku Annai>magazine two years later. As a matter of fact, during that time the literary argument of activism was unfolded ardently at Japan and Korea. And the literature of activism was attempted to create at Korea in same time. These short stories was published in <Dancheung>magazine from 1937 to 1938. Therefore this paper aims for analyzing whether literary argument of activism on 1930' was connected with japanese adaptation <Teacher Kim & Professor T> or not. First of all, I will examine of literary argument of activism at Japan and Korea on 1930', the following part, examining short stories of <Dancheung>magazine from 1937 to 1938. Because of these short stories of <Dancheung>magazine are appearing for many constituents of <literature of activism> in Korea. and Lastly, I will analyze japanese adaptation <Teacher Kim & Professor T> by using constituents of <literature of Activism> as yardstick .

The Postwar in Ogawa-Mimei`s Fairytale of 『MIDORIIRO NO TOKEI』 Choi, Yeon-Hee Ogawa Mimei (1882-1962) was a Japanese children's story writer who was called as ‘Anderson of Japan’ or ‘Father of Japanese children's’ literature. He increased his reputation from 1920s and left thousands of children's stories, fictions and essays in his lifetime. These days Ogawa Mimei's literary works are considered as required pieces among the Japanese children's writers. However, Korean childeren's literature was not established as a study and there were not many researches or studies about Mimei in Korea. Furthermore, Ogawa was on the coopereative side of the war and his pieces included contents which were not admittable in Korea. Meanwhile, he attained his literary movement for more than 50 years. At times his movement is devided as ‘neo-Romanticism, socialism, living era, wartime and ＜Postwar＞children's literature era’. The thesis takes note of [MIDORIIRO NO TOKEI], Ogawa's anthology and consider its characteristic. In one of the Ogawa's story (MIDORIIRO NO TOKEI) shows the character (ozisan) which I think was Ogawa's alter ego. The thesis investigated what exactly the (ozisan) meant and compared this work to the other works of himself. In addition, the thesis includes the analysis of how Ogawa tried to express his spirit as a writer through the character (ozisan) in his lifetime.

Korean and Japanese Recognition of Culture from Southeast Asian Origin seen by means of their respective Studies on the Origin of Bird Worship Hideyuki Sekine It is safe to say that culture which originated from Southeast Asia has been underestimated as a component of Korean ethnic culture after WWⅡ. There are reasons for a contempt of culture from Southeast Asian origin, such as the differentiation with the Japanese culture and the affinity to ideas like the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, etc. This study aimed to consider the recognition of culture from Southeast Asian origin in the academic world of South Korea and Japan by examining theories about the origin of bird worship. Theories of bird worship in Korea can be classified roughly into two categories. One is the cultural anthropologist view that bird worship has been diffused from Northern Asia. The other one is the archeologist view that takes bird worship as a universal idea which can be seen anywhere in the world and that it was an autochthonous development in Korea. In Japann, theories of bird worship are also classified into two categories. One is the view that considers the origin of bird worship in a mix of the North Asian origin theory and the Southeast Asian origin theory. The other one is the monistic view that the North Asian origin theory can be reduced to the Southeast Asian origin theory. Thus, there is a considerable difference in the understanding of the Southeast Asian origin theory of bird worship between Korea and Japan. It seems that there was no opportunity for the Southeast Asian origin theory to be established in the South Korean academic world. However, this is not because there was any proof that the theory is incorrect, but rather because there was no try nor will to study bird worship of Southeast Asian origin. We have to recognize the need to consider ancient cultural diffusion and migration under the broad category of East Asia, exceeding nationalisms.

세계 굴절과 일본 팔기: 근대일본의 서구문명 도입과 현대일본의 대외원조 리차드 섀넌 본 연구는 현대 일본의 대외원조프로그램의 기원이 일본의 근대문명(기술과 문화) 수용과정에 있다고 보고 1850년～1895년간 일본의 대외관계를 문명의 관점에서 검토한다. 기술, 개발, 대외관계 및 지도자 인식 등의 측면에서 근대화 경험이 현대 일본의 대외원조정책에 어떻게 기여했는가를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 먼저 일본 개국의 문명론적 맥락을 살피고 세 지도자―후쿠자와 유키치, 카토 히로유키, 모리 아리노리ㅡ의 세계관을 기술, 개발, 세계화의 개념을 통해 분석한다. 특히 대외원조가 가지는 일반적인 함의와 함께 종교와 정신성이 원조정책에 미친 영향에 주안점을 둔다. 서구문명의 도입에 있어 일본이 직면했던 난제는 물질 측면과 정신․윤리적 측면의 균형을 잡는 일이었다. 이 균형의 문제가 현대 일본의 원조정책에 갖는 함의를 일본의 문화적 대외관계의 주요 어젠다의 전개과정을 통해 고찰한다.

Refracting the World, Exporting Japan: Early Modern Japan’s Importation of Western Technological Culture and the Export of Contemporary Japanese Aid Richard W. Shannon This study examines Japan’s external cultural relations (1850 to 1895) to explore possible antecedents of the nation’s contemporary foreign aid program. How have Japan’s experiences with technology, development, and foreign relations in that era, and important leaders’ views, contributed to the nation’s current aid policies? I look at key contexts of Japan’s external cultural relations and relevant worldviews of three leaders (Fukuzawa Yukichi, Kato Hiroyuki, and Mori Arinori) which I then analyze using selected concepts of technology, development, and globalization. In particular, the main question explored here is how spirituality and religion (from 1850 to 1895) may have influenced Japan’s aid policies. I conclude that it was hard for Japan’s governmenttobalance the material and ethical/spiritual aspects of Western knowledge importation. Why did this occur? What are the possible implications for later Japanese aid? In this paper, I explore how this issue and several others related to Japan’s external cultural relations unfolded.

Universal and national specification in case grammar for beginners Seo, Sang-beom This article is on the problem of making national-oriented pedagogical grammar for beginners, especially on the choice and organization of educational material in teaching Korean students case forms of Russian language. Our pedagogical strategy is based on communicational approach to teaching, which is realized on the basis of two chief principles: cognotive and communicational. Our object is cases of Russian language, which is units of language system. The cases can be included in discourse, text-formation. National-oriented educational activity is thought as a educational communication, which is realized on the base of universal semantic units of languages in contact, in this case, Russian and Korean languages. As the given units are considered participants of communicational situation: agent(nominitive), addressee(dative), object(objective), instrument(instrumental), place/time (prepositional); direction(objective and dative + prepositions), starting point(genitive + iz/s/ot) etc. The chosen units are included in the system of complex communicational-cognitive blocks, that leads to the realization of communicational growth of beginner's linguistic characteristics.

From the Emperor to a King of the Protectorate, Vietnam from 1867 to 1885 Nho, Young-Soon Despite of the recent interests on the last emperor of Vietnam, little is written about Tu Duc. The overall image that emerges from the literature is negative and cursory: incompetence, weakness, and infirmity, which resulted in the loss of sovereignty, territory and people. This study recovers some of positive reaction to the France as well as China. First of all, the objective of this study is to examine the process of the broken monarchism in Vietnam during 1867-1885. This process is said to had run parallel with the estrangement process of the court officials. From this point, we can conclude the core of monarchism in Vietnam was the bureaucratic monarchism. The collapse of the bureaucratic monarchism turned an emperor of Vietnam into either a tool of court high-officials or a puppet of protectorate. To demonstrate these points, the contents of the study is composed of four chapters. Chapter one deals with the reform and opening up of Tu Duc. Chapter two covers the troubles in Bac Ky, which had serious consequences for the monarchism. Chapter three focus on the events from 1879 to 1884. The last chapter reflects the six kings in two years from 1883 to 1885, Tu Duc, Duc Duc, Hiep Hoa, Kien Phuc, Ham Nghi and even Dong Khanh under siege of the mandarins and France.

Today we witness the big change of various realms internally and globally. The Republic of Korea have been exposed to the neoliberalistic flow after joining WTO. The Russia joined WTO recently. It might affect the economy of Russia and deepen its socio-economic problems like The Republic of Korea. The Republic Korea have been suffered from social unequality, downsizing of population etc. Both countries have the same problem such as immigration or migrant workers. The Russia have been experienced the immigration problem after the collapse of its former Soviet Union while the Republic of Korea have been experienced the immigration problem after 1990's. The Republic of Korea and Russia have been adapted themselves to this new situation through multicultural policy and migrant services after 1990's. Both countries have been suffering from the racial, social conflict between natives and foreigners. That suffering sometimes have been extended to mutual violence in both countries. This treatise aims to rethink about the multicultural policy and policy for migrant workers in both countries to import labour. I tried to propose an opinion that the policy for migrant workers is more important than the multicultural policy regardless of the success and failure of the multicultural policy because the former is fundamental to the possibility of the latter's success. The failure of the multicultural policy means its model of integration. The multicultural policy has a weak point to contradict itself in that it is indifferent to immigrant workers outside the national state while it tries to insert foreigners into the national state realm. This contradiction stimulates racial, social conflict. This is a point that this treatise reached by the comparison between South Korea and Russia.