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A Study of the Foreign Language Education Text Book in Korean-Translations of “Mongolian Noguldae” Chae, Young-Hee Foreign languages for Joseon dynasty and Koryo dynasty are taught in Sayukwon and Tongmonkwan respectively. Translaters were selected as government experts after Gwageo examination. Also, they had textbooks for learning foreign language. The Noguldae is a textbook which was a practical conversation through technique of storytelling in the Chinese and Mongolian languages. The Mongolian Noguldae is made for people who go to china selling or buying products from the Joseon period. The contents of this book used dialog which was helpful in business as a text book of the spoken foreign language. Through its description, the reader would guess how people lived in Joseon period. The Mongolian Noguldae is foreign language education book which utilized storytelling. The storytelling used in this book has the structure similar to the travel metaphor called as road movie structure.

Globalization and Foreign Language Education in a Local City of South Korea - Sociological Research on Japanese Lecturers in Yeosu (Jeollanam-do) - YOSHINO Koji What kinds of influences are occurring in foreign language education in the globalized Korean society by increase in number of immigrant workers and multicultural families? This paper aims to study on challenges faced in foreign language education in the countryside, and to propose ways to solve the problems by focusing on the Japanese language education carried out in Yeosu-city. The results of the study are as follows. First, contrary to general stereotype, a considerable number of foreigners are living in Yeosu-city. Therefore, it is not so difficult to make the opportunity to meet foreigners in reality. Second, Yeosu-city has been intensively supporting the foreign language education so as to train interpreters who will work in the international exposition to be held in 2012. It was clarified that this objective has been so effective to improve the motivation of language learners. And finally, some autonomous learning groups were created and such groups have been playing a crucial rule for many learners as it enables them to learn in a friendly atmosphere. In order to promote foreign language education in the global age, we should not only to understand the difference between our own culture and foreign culture, but also to bring up the mind of multiculturalism.

The Theory of Practicing Tonality in Chinese Kim, Jeong-Pil․Kim, Chang-Gyeong This essay is mainly concerned with the characteristics of tonality in Chinese language and how to teach it effectively in Korean classroom. For this purpose, it divides Chinese tonality into two different categories, variable tonality and invariable tonality. Based on this categorization, this essay argues that variable tonality should emphasizes correctness and invariable one fluency in education. The main body of this essay is structured by three chapters. Chapter two attempts to approach theoretically to the unique features of two different tonality. Chapter three offers an explanation of why correctness should matter in variable tonality. It also describes how to put effectively the tonality mark onto syllables. Chapter four concentrates on variable tonality, discussing why fluency is essential to it. It also explains how and why tonality loses its characteristics and becomes neutral. The reality of Chinese tonality is complicate; accordingly, it never allows an easy summarization. What makes matters even complicate is the existence of types of language which do not have tonal variations. An advanced theoretical framework which emphasizes practical analysis is required to approach this types of language properly.

A Study of the Passive Voice in Highschool Japanese - Focusing on Japanese Highschool Textbooks of the 7th Curriculum - Lee, Sang-Su In this thesis, I research Passive Voice which is difficult to activate in the Japanese communication. So, I want to know how Passive Voice is treated in the Japanese Textbooks of highschool. Based on this research, I survey that Passive Voice which is contents in the highschool of Japanese Textbook is suitable for educational purpose of the 7th curriculum. 1)․How Passive Voice is treated in the Japanese textbook of highschool? ․Are the explanations perfect to understand? ․Which levels of Passive Voice is treated by highschool students? 2) In the educational purpose of the 7th curriculum, about the Passive Voice, we consider about educational purpose, standard of succession, learning of instruction. 3) I propose some ways which is helpful for Japanese education.

The purpose of our research is to suggest a sample of Russian Language learning by activating self-regulated study of the Internet-based text conversation and e-mail in classroom. It has been proved that Internet-based conversation is productive more than traditional classroom lessons, as the former meets every interest of learners- participants and it helps them continue their learning activities even outside the classroom. But most of our learners feel awkward in front of others, when they try to communicate loudly using the skype. And we can tell that they usually make the same mistakes in the Internet- based learning activities as in the traditional classroom lessons. And the mistakes result not only from the lack of reading and writing but from the shortage of the chance of communicating with native speakers. In conclusion the Internet-based Russian language learning gives a great chance of improving lingual competence.

Natsume Soseki watched a public exhibition held by Ministry of Education, Science and Culture(that is also called, ‘Munjeon’) and left a review, 『Munjeon and Art』 in Taisyo 1st year(1912). It is the only art review among what he left as organized ones. With background of turbulent times, it played a guiding role in approaching to art with ironical and humorous expressions, faithful attitude toward a work, etc, and it was an important witness in art history at the same time. By the way, Lee, Kwang-Woo also released 『Tokyo Jabsin』in Mail Daily Newspaper at similar times, among which there is ｢Munjeon Review｣. Two writers of Korea and Japan gave the public art reviews through influential and familiar media, newspaper, with a public exhibition held by Ministry of Education, Science and Culture as a turning point. It means that writers are writing ｢Record of Visiting｣ from viewers' position toward a new object, art. ｢Art starts from self-expression and ends at self-expression.｣ leads to ｢non- communication with others｣, but Soseki himself came to face ｢self-expression｣ hung on the exhibition, extreme field. And he tailored the situation from others' point of view, in which ｢selfexpression ｣ is given artistic value through others' evaluation as critics or viewers, depending on the weight of the power. Also, in the case of Lee, Kwang-Soo, we need to escape from fragmentary translation, that is, colonialization of art. I could see he had great passion and knowledge and he also had accurate grasp of Japanese art community at that time. I could read he felt pity for colonized Choseon and he was blaming acutely a way to improve from the position of the same race. I could see that both Natsume Soseki and Lee, Kwang-Soo wrote their experience through art review that their pride in general cultural level of their countries was being hurt, as they faced advanced modern culture.

This study focuses on the personal history and legend surrounding Koryô Period Military Officer Yi Ûimin as it was recorded in the Panyôkyôlchôn [Record of Traitors]. It engages with the contestation of the modern-day Yi family of the city of Chôngsôn in Kangwôn province (Chôngsônissi) who claim to be Yi Ûimin's descendants, and who also insist that Yi was a descendant of Vietnamese royalty. It seeks to reexamine the process of formation of the biographical narrative about this historical character and the creation of the contested story around him. It ultimately illuminates the historical relationship between Chosôn Korea and Vietnam. Yi Ûimin is a problematic historical figure who assassinated the Koryô King Ûichong. He was born to parents of low standing: his father was a salt seller and his mother was a Buddhist nun. Despite his modest roots, Yi Ûimin rose to occupy the highest authoritative position. Eliminated, unsurprisingly, by rival political factions, his legend has survived through the agi changsu-type story. The figure of Yi Ûimin remains at the core of the tuduri (tuduûl) faith (tuduri sinang) originating in Kyôngju, the ancient capital of Silla. The tuduri faith is a Goblin (tokkaebi) faith, and is related to the blacksmith faith (taejang changgi). The Tuduri faith is therefore directly connected to the iron industry developed in Silla, which also provided Yi Ûimin with the economic foundations for his movement toward the political center. Three generations of Yi Ûimin's family were annihilated following his involvement in the King's assassination. An examination of his family line has been difficult, and made possible only through oral stories passed down in the Yi family living in the city of Chôngsôn. The legend regarding his family identity--the fact that he was a descendant of Vietnamese royalty taking political asylum in the capital of Silla--has also been confirmed.

The theory of <waegu=multi-nations and complex pirates>, which is the established theory, is based on the theory of <the Korean peninsula from late koryo to early chosun = the area of mixed residence of multiethnic>. But this theory, because of mistranslation on historical records and jump in the logic, run counter to the historical facts. In late koryo dynasty, there were the migration(of the people of costal and insular area toward inland area) and the migration policy of government to avoid the trespassing of waegu. Without the migration of people and the migration policy, there were no necessaity to move toward inland.

This study focused on the exotic idea of a border region which was called Busanpo in Joseon Dynasty. Besaides Westerner's picturers, the old map and ancient local documents made by Dongraebu gave us very interesting exotic ideas. The exotic ideas of Busanpo let us know the nationalism of those day. First, generally the outside of Dongraebu Busanpo included Tsushima of Japan's frontier in the Dongraebu's old map. Second, the boundary line between Busanpo and Oeguan which was Japan's agency was divided strictly. There were some buildings such as Selmun and Yakjojechalbi, Bokbeyngmak. 'Selmun' established in 1709years had been prohibited Japanese's passing. 'Bokbeyngmak' also watched Japanese's passing. Third, the picture was taken by the first Busan customs president in 1885 described the boundary between Korean and Japanese. Busanpo was known to Europe in 1797 years. William Broughton Captain of England was visited to Yongdanpo of Dongraebu and published the map called “Busanport Hangbakdo”. John Ward Captain of England also visited to Sinchoryang of Dongraebu in 1859 years and published the map called “Tsau-Liang-hai(Chosan Harbour of Broughton) with the Adjacen Coast of Tchao-Sian”. John Ward Captain's visiting was entered into details by Dongraebu's ancient local documents.

the Gyung-Sang Joasuyoung(左水營) was located in suyoung area during king sun-jo and was abolished in 1895 during king ko-jong. so the Gyung-Sang Joasuyoung(左水營) had been in Suyoung area about 288 years long. historically, Pusan, which includes Suyoung area, has been main gate between Korea and Japan. therefore, the Gyung-Sang Joasuyoung( 左水營) was very important in relation to naval forces system and Korea-Japan relationship in Joseon dynasty. the Gyung-Sang Joasuyoung(左水營) was devided into three parts. first part was inner area of tower gate(轅門). second part was inner area of castle of Joasuyoung(左水 營). third part was outer area of castle of Joasuyoung(左水營). in the inner area of tower gate(轅門), there were the hall for king(客舍) and office hall of general of Gyung-Sang joasuyoung(左水營). therefore, the inner area of tower gate( 轅門) symbolized king's area. in the inner area of castle of Joasuyoung(左水營), there were many administrative constructions and naval constructions also. so, the inner area of castle of Joasuyoung(左水營) symbolized naval culture. in the outer area of castle of Joasuyoung(左水 營), there were fishing villages. therefore, the outer area of castle of Joasuyoung(左 水營) symbolized people's culture. after all, the contents of the Gyung-Sang Joasuyoung( 左水營) related to the general of Gyung-Sang Joasuyoung(左水營), naval forces and fishing villages. all these contents could be conjugated.

Study on the Pusan city area in the Korean seaport period in the early 20th century Park, Jung-Il 　As a result of having considered the city area of the Japanese leased territory of Pusan I obtained the result such as the result next which I analyzed mainly on an ancient map of Pusan about open Korea period of Pusan. was enforced by a top‐down method by the then Japanese Government. I think that the form of the town is based on city structure and a grid in succession to the descent from Japanese castle town and was formed. Of course there is neither the castle nor the castle tower, but, on the other hand, I establish stem mountain god Corporation in the top of the mountain behind of the central exclusive management of the city in Japan and do it with a psychological centripetal tendency place, and the street in the city does the form of the straight line basic tone for strategic defensive purposes there not a way seen in the neighborhood of the existing Torai prefecture which there was in the neighboring. In addition, what the dark factory of the objective hue of the military demand posts you in the safe place of the city, and locate a Japanese mounting a horse corps in the border with an outside Settlement territory thinks that there is a clearly strategic intention. In addition, I am big, and the existing city area enlarges even a mask of the mass on the scale with a merger on later Korea day, and combination of sea power and the land power is completed as a point binding a sea route and a land route together than the defensive purpose, but it is aimed for the military strategy that is going to enlarge penetration in the continent via a peninsula. The city area gradually understands what deepened the density ad s a place of the life of people to live in there as a point transporting such military and supplies while spreading.

A Comparative Study on the Plan of the Geumdang(金堂) in Ancient Buddhist Temple between Korea and Japan Han, Wook․Lee, Eun-Seon This study is on the characteristics of Geumdang(金堂), the main hall in ancient Buddhist temple by analysis of the plan of Geumdang through the layout of the basestone and jeoksim(the supporting part under the basestone, 積心). The results were as follows: First. Geumdang in the ancient Buddhist temple has its role as the center. Second, the Geumdang appeared to vary in size, but 5 × 3 bays, 5 × 4 bays have been seen as the most common plan. This is determined by the size of the plane generally. Third, in plan composition the distance of center two columns, that is Eokan(御間) typically is equal to or greater than it of the other columns, that is Hyeopkan(夾間), but especially the case of the same size between Eokan and Hyeopkan has mainly appeared in the Baekje region. Fourth, it is assumed that the shape of roof could be hipped-and-gable roof(八作) or hipped roof as the sizes would be similar between the front-Toekan(退間) and the side-Toekan. Fifth, the distance from column to stylobate was big with age and in the late 6th century it was about half as long against the size of Toekan. This can be explained the development of upper timber structure. This results have difficulties to be generalized as it has been investigated in excavated remains only. But it can be the one of view point for analysis the meaning of remains.

A comparative study on the hierarchy of houses in Chosun Dynasty and Siheyuan houses Pyo, Eung-Seok Traditional housing in Chosun Dynasty and Siheyuan have a similarity that each house is composed of one story building units. Unlike housing style in Chosun and Siheyuan, most housing style is two story buildings or more which we can find them in western architecture commonly. This unique housing style in Chosun Dynasty and Siheyuan creates spatial sequence and hiersrchy which are very important characteristics and both sides are very similar. This study is for finding characteristics of spatial hierarchy from the housing formed each units and the differences of the way each country shows them. This is based on references and other studies. The period of this study is time of completion of Siheyuan,1368-1912 Myung-Chungage ,which accords with Chosun time, and the time after Confucianism established in Chosun Dynasty. The procedures of the study is first, we try to find the ideas based on hierarchy from traditional housing in both countries. Next, we find out architecture tools that express hierarchy in general conception. Last, we study similarities and differences housing styles in each country out of the tools.

Analysis of Cultural Disposition Difference through Comparison of Korean and American Personality Traits Adjectives and its Implications Choi, Tae-Jin․Lee, Hee-Yeong The purpose of this study was to investigate when collecting and classifying personality traits adjectives of Korea and America, is Korea classified as collectivistic culture and America classified as individualistic culture? This study also tried to find out what implications do these culture differences between Korea and America have for introducing American psychology and for importing psychological instruments to Korea? For these purposes, 473 Korean personality traits adjectives and 300 American personality traits adjectives were extracted and then asked Korean evaluators and American evaluators to classify these vocabularies in terms of intrapersonal vocabulary-interpersonal vocabulary and a degree of likableness or dislikableness. Results of analysis revealed that Korean language had higher percentage of intrapersonal vocabularies than interpersonal vocabularies and from Korean people's perspective, more than about 26% among vocabularies which were classified as interpersonal vocabularies could be evaluated as intrapersonal or neutral vocabularies.

How has been used the concept of ‘publicness’ in the domestic public art? This concept of ‘publicness’ can be divided into three categories in the social science. The first one is the value of the public, the second one is the territory, and finally the subject performing its role. The meaning of the territory has something in common with public space. When the arts came out of the exhibition hall and was placed on the public space, it was affected by the mass and place. When the initial types of the arts were displayed, it brought about disputes with various points of publicness. It caused the necessity to pay attention on the concept “in-between” of Hannah Arendt. Not confronting between personal and public territory, you need to pay attention to the various communication opportunities maintaining the relationship while they are crossing their borders each other. Variability of view points has been formed and progressed since the formation of New Genre Public Art as social movements. However, it still have been causing confusion as the public art is explained as site-specific -art and community-oriented-art. Recently, the public art can be divided into three types: public arts, village regeneration, artist village. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages and this study investigated the ‘Seoul Art Space Sin-dang’ as the third one. This one also is in need of artists' labor by the explanation through community-oriented-art's viewpoints. Therefore, it is necessary to differentiate in separate areas of the public arts.

Trends of Human Resource Development for the Future Society According to Changing Occupational Structure: Focusing on South Korea and Japan Sung, Eun-Mo The purpose of this study was to explore trends of human resource’s structure to predict future society by means of comparing South Korea with Japan on occupational structure’s change. To achieve this goal, it was analyzed International Standards Classification of Occupation on South Korea and Japan that was provided ILO(International Labour Organization from 1958 to 2008. As a result, occupation quantity of South Korea was improved 2.4 times in 2008 since 1970, and Japan’s occupation quantity was improved 0.13 times during the same period. Total increasing rate of occupation quantity in South Korea was almost 2 times faster than Japan’s rate. According to the result of each occupational structure’s change, quantity of skilled agricultural and fishery workers in South Korea and Japan was highest decreasing, while quantity of professional was highest increasing in both countries. From based on these result, 4 major trends of human resource development for the future society were suggested as follow; ① Developing a high ranking human resource following knowledge based society, ② Enhancing national competitiveness through women resource development, ③ Developing green human resource for part of skilled agricultural and fishery, ④ Optimal using of human resource and gaining and maintaining of brain. Four specific recommendations for HRD policy in South Korea were proposed.

Chinese is isolated language which characterizes in keeping its constancy of language. However, in observation of the phenomenon in Modern Chinese has shown that it has developed along with affixes, suffixes. To study a complex language in depth and variety, derivative studies need to expand on lexicon and pragmatic studies which has already started. This study of existing research results based on a number of scholars in modern Chinese for derivatives that are present in the morphologically look at that name, a derivative of a type of defined terms and affix them to look for is the main objective can be. Although the existence of derivative roots-oriented isolating language is Chinese, but it proves that there is a declension. The biggest problem of derivational morphological criteria for the designation and affix will not be united.. This article is written to provide a new way and index for study of derivatives.

A Study on Literature Ideas of the Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties from the example of Historiographies Lee, Kyu-Il This study analyzes the examples of 'literature' in the history of Wei-Jin North-South Period to contemplate the concept of literature during that period. The main examples include Wenxue, Wenzhang, and Wenyi, and the literary elements close to the contemporary concept are explored by analyzing the narrative of <Wwenxuezhuan/Wenyuanzhuan> in each historical record as well as the characteristics of recorded writers. In the records of Southern Dynasties period, there are a number of examples distinguished from the concepts during the Han Dynasty, in that they strictly divide literature from academy and also those who are skilled at literature from those who are skilled as a government official. During this period, literature, Confucianism, history, and philosophy faction were officially classified as Four Disciplines. This was an important factor for the development of concept of literature.

A Study on the Formation of New Concept related to the Sea and the Ocean in Modern China Cho, Se-Hyun The writing's purpose is about the formation of new concept related to modern marine in the late Qing dynasty. I will consider a change toward modern recognition in traditional recognitions about the sea and the ocean. This study is focused on archetype consciousness and recognition about the modern translated words. Especially, a character called the sea(海) and the ocean(洋) compounds each other, and the character made a lot of words. This is attention to the sea, the ocean, the maritime customs(海關), sea guard(海防), navy(海軍), territorial sea(領海), sea power(海權) and others. In result, We found that the awareness of the sea power in modern China.

Open and the Point in Dispute of Korea-China Higher Education Service Market Kim, Jin-Woo The negotiations about the open higher education service for Korea- China FTA is close at hand and for this reason, the wavelength about the domestic educational world in the education service that is classified by GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Service) is serious. And this is to discuss the expectation parts of the open scope and the point in dispute for the negotiations that the main discussion subject is expected about Korea-China higher education service. I. By way of introduction, four kinds of mode supply by GATS definition service and the necessity for open and the conception of the education service are explained. II. Every country issue about open of the education service is quoted and explained as a government data and also worry and the problem about Korea-China Open are looked into. III and IV, in the comparison and the situation for the expectation point in dispute about Korea-China higher education service concessions is Mode1: Cross-border supply (distance education), Mode2: Consumption- abroad (a study abroad ), Mode3: Commercial presence (joint university, branch university abroad), Mode4: Presence of natural persons (movement abroad for education human agency). Comparing Korea-China concessions about those Modes and in the process of the negotiations, the open scope and the situation that will be Korea- China issue are expected and analyzed. V. In conclusion, we should cope positively with the higher education market open which has already rushed in the age of limitless competition structure and the self-defense measures and countermeasure should be prepared and also the improved quality and the strategic point which can give satisfaction to the education consumers are suggested.

A Study on the Reform of Difference of the Stockholder's Rights in China's Stock Market Seo, Seok-Heung Since it was first established in December 1990, the history of the Chinese stock market have been more than 20 years. During this period, the most important reform that changed the structure of the Chinese stock market is the reform of difference of the stockholder's rights. The difference of the stockholder's rights refers to the state that the stock of a listed company is separated into negotiable stock and unnegotiable stock, which resulted from historical causes. The reform of difference of the stockholder's rights means the reform to alter unnegotiable stock to negotiable stock, thus uniting both kinds of stock as negotiable stock. This thesis is the synthetic research about the China's reform of difference of the stockholder's rights. I have dealt with the origin and weakness of the difference of the stockholder's rights, causes behind the failure of state-owned stock's selling out, what could be learned from it, the concrete process of the reform of difference of the stockholder's rights, its procedures and main characteristics, and the core issues regarding the reform processes. What has been utilized for the thesis are not only academic essays, but also Chinese newspapers and magazines' special articles, and the reminiscences from the participants in the reform.

The Study on the Relationship among Conflict's Causes, Conflict, and Dissolution Intention in the Chinese Franchise System - Focused on the Moderation Effect of Environmental Dynamism - Huang Peng․Kim, Wan-Min The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical foundation for the foreign companies who wish to enter into the Chinese franchise market. To achieve the above purpose, this study investigated the structural causal relationship among conflict's causes, conflict, and dissolution intention between franchisors and franchisees in the franchise system. In particular, we focused on the moderation effect of environmental dynamism on this structural relationship. In the context of Chinese clothes' franchise market, survey was conducted from the perspective of franchisees in order to verify the proposed five hypotheses. And 321 responses were used in final analysis. Testing these five hypotheses by using these responses, we found that (1)the exercise of coercive power, nonfulfillment of roles and distributive unfairness have positive impacts on conflict as the results of previous studies, however procedural unfairness has no impact on conflict in the statistics. This means that the franchisees are relatively more emphasis on distributive unfairness than procedural unfairness in Chinese franchise market. (2)conflict has strong positive impact on the dissolution intention, and (3)environmental dynamism has the moderation effect only on the path between nonfulfillment of roles and conflict. This means that franchisees usually pay more attention to the franchisors' fulfillment of responsibilities in the situation of high environmental dynamism. In other words, franchisors do not perform or do not fully perform their duties w ill more easily lead to conflict with their franchisees.

The Semantic Analysis of verbs 'hosu' and 'kawakasu' which signify dryness Kim, Ok-Yeong Japanese verbs ‘hosu’ and ‘kawakasu’, which correspond to Korean verb ‘malida’, have in common the feature of removing water from the object to be dried. In the case of objects which are too thin to be distinguished between its inner part and its surface, when it is dried for a long time taking as the drying source the natural ones as sunlight, ‘hosu’ and ‘kawakasu’ both are used. The typical example is laundry. In the case of ‘hosu’, the object has been originally keeping moisture inside, and the moisture is removed for storage. Its drying sources are sunlight, wind and others, and it is dried being spread or hung up. The object includes fishes, vegetables, some fruits(persimmons) and others. In the case of ‘kawakasu’, the object is thoroughly removed of moisture in movement in a short period of time, by using artificial drying sources like heated air. It is also used in the case of moisture removal of wet objects, that it applies in the case of partly wet objects. The object includes wet clothes, washed hair and others. While in the case of ‘hosu’ the object does not need to be removed of moisture thoroughly, in the case of ‘kawakasu’ the moisture on the surface of the object needs to be thoroughly removed. The verb ‘hosu’ has significations of ‘drinking the cup dry’ and ‘not giving any work(roles)’, which are not the case in ‘kawakasu’. The former is an extension from the meaning of the motion of ‘removing moisture on the inside’, and the latter is the one from that of ‘leaving as it is for a long period of time’.

The Analysis of Japanese Secondary Teachers’ Employment Examination - Regarding the Japanese Honorific Expressions - Watanabe, Michiko The objective of this study is to investigate how honorific expressions are used in the exams for Japanese Teacher Certification over the last 10 years, from 2002 to 2011, with five categories in accordance with the guideline for Honorific Education in the report of Japanese Language Council. 1) Among honorific expressions, 53.4% for terms of respect, half of them, followed by 16.5% for terms of beautification, 15.8% for terms of modesty I, 10.4% for terms of modesty II, and 3.9% for polite expressions. 2) The frequency of honorific related questions is 49 times in 2010, the highest frequency, followed by 42times in 2011 and it has increased considerably for the recent 3 years. By categorizing honorific terms into five parts, it helps users better understand the differences and use them correctly for each situation. In addition, some specific examples of explaining respective characteristics can be useful for users to be able to speak natural honorific expressions and have a successful communication interpersonally.

A study on Japanese language Textbooks for Universities - with Special Reference to the Expression, ‘Siteiru’ - Hwang, Soon-Hwa The purpose of this study is to investigate how the expression, ‘siteiru’ of aspect in Japanese Grammar is used in Japanese language Textbooks for five universities. The results were as followings. 1) There are 94 verbs and 343 frequencies with ‘siteiru’; the most frequently used verb is ‘suru’（27 times）and the least frequently used verbs are ‘hameru’,‘kusaru’(only one time). 2) According to the meanings, ‘result of action function’ is the highest frequency followed by ‘continuation of action function’, ‘repetition’, ‘temporary recollection’, ‘permanent recollection’, ‘simple state’ and there was no ‘currently effective former movement’ in any textbook. 3) In most cases, the expression ‘siteiru’ is used ranging from the middle part to the ending part in the introductory chapter. However, the continuation is the key expression not only in Japanese but also all other languages. Thus, various usages in meaning as well as function should be adopted in compiling textbooks and using in each chapter with conversational situation can help users to effectively learn the meaning and function of the expression, ‘Siteiru’.

Kabuki stage and the agency of beauty which shows in an Kusasoushi Centering on - Forcusing on Sisei of Tanizaki work Gyoutarou - Gil, Mi-Hyun․Han, Yu-Seon It was considered forcusing on Tanizaki's work “tattoo” (the 2nd, number three “new thought”, 1910 and 11) and “Gyoutarou” (“Chuo Koron” 1915 and 9) how the kabuki which was being seen was reflected by his work also when Tanizaki was young by writing, how the world of beauty as a soldier showed. When paraphrasing an evil woman-like lady from kabuki, Tanizaki came to recognize “soldier” from an image of “bad old woman”. And that an evil woman-like lady does an act cruel to a man through Kabuki stood in Tanizaki's recognition and showed. Tanizaki who picked beauty out from kabuki in it with a concept as an evil woman-like woman = a devil-like woman embodied that as “soldier's beauty” in “tattoo”. It's said that Gyoutarou who is a novelist thinks it's a concept of the best beauty to embody the image of “evil woman” which shows in kabuki in babyhood and a play in a female body and be conquered by its female (soldier) conversely. Tanizaki often reflects beauty as the soldier who was formed by the agency which shows into kabuki, a play and an illustrated storybook in two works.

Kaiko ken and Mongol Lee, Eun-Taek Writer Takeshi Kaikou was immersed himself in Mongolia in his later years. Hucho taimen, a rare spieces of fish, turned him to the land. In 1968 he first encountered hucho taimen at Konsen fields in Hokkaido. Catching this fish got him hooked for fishing for life. A decade later he left for Mongolia with hope to catch hucho taimen again, unaware that this would become his last fishing adventure. Hucho taimen is the fish that started as well as ended his fishing. Fishing for him was a tool to get close to all kinds of feelings that exist in the universe. His attraction to Mongolia stems from its people who are humble and miraculously free from greed and its land that they call “the Ocean of Grass.” Kaikou called its people “the master of non-possession” and started looking for the grave of Genghis Khan. He dreamed to solve one of the biggest mysteries in the world history. This dream embodied his life where he pursued the best experiences in everything he did. He thought that he could live thirty more years making this dream come true. Although unfruitful, chasing this dream was far from meaningless for him. This manuscript followed his adventure starting in his hucho taimen fishing.

｢The Man of the West｣ for Ryunosuke Akutagawa - Focused on a phrase from Ch. 36 “Christ’s Lifetime” - Lim, Hoon-Sik ｢The Man of the West｣, Ryunosuke Akutagawa’s final literary work, is a chronicle of Jesus’ life examined by Akutagawa himself. In Chapter 36, “Christ’s Lifetime”, of this book, there is a contradictory phrase called ascend from the Heaven to the earth. In this thesis, I want to investigate this phrase in order to reveal the correlation between Akutagawa and Jesus in this novel. In the book, Jesus abandoned his own life, and ascended into the Heaven according to an order of the Holy Spirit, which can be said as a travel way from the earth to the Heaven. However, Jesus experiences a transformation afterwards. In other words, in the past, He abandoned the earth, and had proceeded only to the Heaven due to His priority to the Heaven over the earth. In contrast, the conceptual transformation, in which He began to miss the life in the earth, happened afterwards. However, it was merely a transformation of concept only; Jesus’ steps were heading to Heaven. Therefore, we can say that Jesus’ reality was failed to be transformed. I compared Jesus’ such traces with Akutagawa’s lifetime. Most of early and middle periods of Akutagawa’s literary works contain historic novels, including ｢Rashomon｣, essentially his first work. It is especially well-known that the ｢Hell Screen｣ nicely presents his artistic view, “art for art’s sake”. His such artistic attitude was a process only to achieve his idealistic goal, the creation of an art, by caring less about his own life. However, Akutagawa’s firm belief on art began to falter from 1919, and he reflected on himself about his writing only historic novels until that time. Hence, he wrote ｢Autumn｣ in 1920 as a modern novel but his transformation from writing historic novel to modern one was not successful. It can be noted that Akutagawa’s such traces are similar to Jesus’ in ｢The Man of the West｣. As we know from the examination so far, Akutagawa’s concept toward the Jesus was expressed in such a contradictory phrase. In other words, such phrase is a “summed” expression of combining before and after of conceptual transformation in “Christ’s Lifetime”. Ultimately, Akutagawa identified his lifetime with Jesus’ in the 36th chapter, “Christ’s Lifetime”.

The Situation and the Characteristics of the Usage of the Written Characters of Korean Proper Names in Nihonshoki in Its Different Volumes Yu，Min-Hwa The situation of the usage of the written characters of proper names related to Korea in Nihonshoki，in its different volumes，is that it shows difference in the usage of the written characters after volume 19，and maldistribution of the written characters in a same volume. It is presumed that because of the difference in the main data related to Korea which were employed in the publication of Nihonshoki after volume 19 it has been reflected in the written characters of proper names. Along with that，in the writing method of the proper names maldistributed in a same volume，it is pointed out that there are sometimes instances of intended and unintended difference in writing from the original historical data due to the influence from the sense of writing of the editor of Nihonshoki. Furthermore，the same conclusion is drawn from the outcome of the examination of the situation of the usage of the proper names in their kind，nationality and in different volumes，including the ones like '莫古․久禮․奚․古․跛․枳․比․伽․呑․解․枳․利'，which are presumed to be a writing of the same elements in the ancient Korean，and the honorific suffixes ‘知․智․至․遲’.

The functional division of Kannrei-Shigyoujyou in Muromachi Shogunate after the coup d'état in 1379 (Kouryaku-no-Seihenn) - In research of Kishinnjyou-Shigyoujyou - Kameda Toshitaka After the coup d'état in 1379, Kannrei-Shigyoujyou that execute Shogun’s Shoryou-Kishinnjyou (Mandate of donation) divided into two types, one had the sentence of “Gokishinn- no-Jyou-ni-Makase “(“In accordance with a mandate of donation”), and another had the sentence of “Anndo-ni-Makase” (“In accordance with a mandate of preservation”). In this report, I’ll research those two types of Kishinnjyou-Shigyoujyou, and consider the reason of this functional division of Shoryou-Kishinnjyo.