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The Study on the Formation of System-Building Period of Oeguan Guansu Diary Park, Hwa-Jin The Diary of Oeguan Lead in Busanpo had been written from 1687 to 1870. It's was about 846 volumes which has been displayed really the active exchange of the culture and diplomacy between Korea and Japan, and we could know the real life environments of Busanpo 330 years ago. Therefore I would inquire into the formation of system-building period of the Oeguan(Busanpo) Guansu diary with a careful analysis. The contents would be a historical change of Busanpo Oeguan, the national environment such as weather and wind of Busanpo, the annual events and daily life of Choryang Oeguan. The subject of investigation is the Diary of Oeguan Lead in the late seventeenth century. It was very fine weather which was consisted of 80% for a year in the late seventeenth century, the cloudy and windy days were rare. The directions of the wind which Choryang Oeguan regarded very highly were represented variously, it was related with sailing between Busanpo and Tsushima. Therefore we would guess the new facts, the first fact is that Busanpo was the busy harbor, and the second fact is who was the first recorder of the Oeguan Guansu Diary, the third fact is the concrete residents of Choryang Oeguan, the fourth fact is the first using time of the term of Seongsin(誠信) which was very famous as the spirit of Joseontongsinsa etc. The term of Seongsin(誠信) is known as the word which was used by Amenomori Hoshu(1668～1755) in the early years of the eighteenth century.

A ceremony for signing Korea-Japan joint registration of the UNESCO World Record Heritage Site of Joseon missions to Japan was held at Tsusima, Japan on January 29th, 2016. In the meantime, the Busan Cultural Foundation of Korea and the NPO corporation, Association of liaison communication for Joseon mission to Japan have been the center and have made efforts to register the documents related to Joseon mission to Japan in the UNESCO World Record Heritage Site, the final entry application was confirmed. The purpose of this study is to examine the journeys related to the seaway of Joseon missions to Japan in 1636 focusing on the records submitted by the Korean side in light of these points. First of all, we focused on the route of Joseon missions to Japan by sea using the records of the Korean side who applied for registration in the World Record Heritage and examined it from the aspect of marine humanities. It was not the diplomatic aspect of dispatching Josen missions to Japan at the time, but it paid attention to the emotions in the foreign country that the ambassadors and delegations in the field would have felt on board the sea and port of call. Cultural exchanges and economic exchanges between continents and continents, or countries and countries during the pre-modern era, were possible through the ocean. In addition, it examines how the seaway journey coincides with the concept of 'sightseeing' in the oriental history, providing that the delegation's trip to Japan was not just for diplomatic purposes. Among the research methods of this study, we focused on the maritime records related to the seaway envoy trip in 1636 during the 14th year of King Injo, among 12 Joseon missions to Japans in the late Joseon period. This is because the envoy trip in 1636 was the first Seongshingyorin of both countries for the purpose of peace unlike the envoy that had been previously dispatched. The scope of the research included Im Gwang's Byeongja Japanese Diary, Kim Se-ryeom's Haesarok, and Hwang Ho's Dongsarok which were registered in the UNESCO World Record Heritage Site of Joseon missions to Japan among the records of Haehaengchongjae. It will leave a multifaceted consideration on the journey of Joseon missions to Japan to all of archives to be registered in the UNESCO World Heritage Site in the future.

This paper analyzes the cultural experience of the seaport city through the empirical narratives of foreigners, Japanese and Koreans who crossed the sea port city of Busan in the late 19th and early 20th century. The first thing I have seen through the travels of many Europeans, including H. N. Allen, is the variety of routes. There were several sections of the maritime city, which was a contact zone with the route formed at the end of the 19th century before the trench ferry became official route. Even after the Bukwan(釜關) ferry became official route, Japan used the policy of multi-waterway, and discussion on this did not progress. The European-centric, privileged gaze that perceives the landscape of the maritime city, the contact zone, is a common phenomenon that can be seen through most travelers. It is because the harrow has become the media that guarantees the empire's eyes. Busan is a contact area where the gaze of the batter and the subject intersect. The gaze overlooking Busan city, Busan, was differentiated from that of Japan. It reflects the characteristics of the narrative of racial hierarchy and discovery. The media, which connects the colonies and blood colonies, occupies a very large proportion. Ships are a living micro-cultural and micro-political system. Through the Chronotope of the ship, the traveler's identity can be explored and the discontinuous historical connection between the ports. However, Europeans tend not to describe the Chronotope of a ship in detail. In the case of Takahama Soji, which is a Japanese, it is similar to this, but there is a clear view that the Koreans in the contact area Busan are typified by Koreans. On the other hand, Yeom Sang-Sup gets a chance to check his identity through the Chronotope of the ship. The ships are different chronotopes to Europeans, Japanese, and Koreans who reach the port city of Busan. For Europeans and Japanese, the Chronotope of the ship is erased or less specific, while the Koeran, Yeom Sang-sup, focuses on highly perceived features.

Perception of the Ocean and interests on the Oceanic culture have been on the rise centered around related schools. Identification on the perception of the Ocean and Oceanic culture is needed for the opening consideration to the Postmodernist thought and this could be a cornerstone for being complacent on the Ocean. For this consideration, we explore characteristics of the Ocean based on the fishermen’s interview who engaged in the field of Deep-Sea Fisheries in 1960’s Confucian values in Joseon made people consider the Ocean a negative and limited spaces. However, the Ocean is no longer unknown world with the point of industrial base to the Ocean. As Deep-Sea Fisheries began, experiential perception for it was accumulated. In this paper, we describe the characteristics with fishing boats’ life culture focused on the inherent spatiality within experiential perception and those are as follows; a) an ocean is the spatiality beyond territories. By this spatiality, Deep-Sea fishing boats build up power structure and a culture of hierarchy as an independent territory. Naturally, this leads to form the community culture highlighted to a network. b) an Ocean is a kind of constant floating space by natural rhythm according to the nature so it has openness without any privileges among independent nations. c) an Ocean forms the foundation of sensorial culture beyond visual space. d) an Ocean is the primitive place full of wonder and fears and it has folklore with strong incantation. An ocean is place in the middle of connected nature spaces without any clogginess so the nature of Ocean itself and the foundation of human’s imagination is beyond space of time. However, by the point of experiential perception, offshore fisheries is enough to distinguishes with deep-sea fisheries. Offshore is the ocean belonged to sovereignty while deep-sea is an emancipated ocean with reversion of sovereignty. For this reason, an ocean is needed to have the conception of multi hierarchy not belonging to property with political power so we have to consider an ocean is a new space beyond human’s desire on territories.

<Manjuga> is a new Gasa material hitherto unknown to academia. The purpose of this study is to analyse the world of this work, and to clarify the literary historical significance of this work. In chapter 2, it have reviewed <Manjuga> in general aspects. The length of this Gasa are 234 lines when we count 4 foots as 1 line. This Gasa has created in the last period of Japanese colonial rule. I presumed that the writer of this Gasa was a old and intellectual male living in the country. The text of this Gasa has many error in the process of re-scripting the original text. In chapter 3, it have analysed the world of this work. This Gasa has the three worlds of work. The most important world of this Gasa is ‘the reality of Korea and the devastating Korean's appearance being forced to mobilize by Japanese’. The second world of this work is ‘the writer's asks to Korean’. The third world of this work is ‘the criticism and curse to Japanese’. Finally in chapter 4, it have clarified the literary historical significance of this work. In the history of Gasa, many Gasa works which respond to the reality of history and society have always been. <Manjuga> has inherited this tradition of Gasa writing. Specially <Manjuga> has a significance to created by contemporary writer, not by future generation. And <Manjuga> has a significance to have the unique form that no one tries in the history of Gasa.

This paper traced the life of Shim Hoon in the 1920s～1930s, divided his world of poetry into three parts, and discussed the meaning of such change. The first period was from the time of writing practice to 1923 when he stayed in China. It was an important period to understand the embryological ground and social/historical background of his poetry. The second is from 1923 when he came back from China to 1932 when he stopped all political and social activities and went down to Dangjin in Chungcheongnamdo Province. This was the time when Shim Hoon actively created his works. The last period is from the time he went down to Dangjin in Chungcheongnamdo Province and devoted himself to writing novels with the background of rural area to his death due to sudden illness. Such division of period is not limited to his poetry writing but includes his overall literary works. In the sense that the division of a writer’s literary period cannot vary depending on specific genre, this paper tried to have its ground on the general division of literary period and diachronically review the changing process of his world of poetry. Especially, as this paper is based on historical and biological way of following the life of Shim Hoon, the tripartite division of his life of poetry with the junctures of major events will serve as a critical point to understand the changes and meanings of the poetry of Shim Hoon. First, aims to look into the Sim Hun’s deeds and achievements in socialistic independence movement and literature while staying in Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai, Hangzhou and other cities in China during the period between 1920 and 1923 and to make empirical discussion on how his activities in China affected his poetic world. In particular, political frustration and skepticism he experienced while in China brought a striking change in his poetry, which is believed to be the result of internalizing his critical recognition of factionalism found in socialistic independence movement that occurred most actively in Shanghai while focusing on these superficial changes. Sim Hun’s creation of Sijo(時調) was most active in the 1930s, late period of his literary activities. It seems that he actively selected a Sijo genre as a strategy to criticize the contradiction of colonial reality while ambiguously hiding from the surveillance of Japanese colonialists. That is, his Sijo presented the possibility of life aesthetics as a spirit to overcome the contradiction of colonial modernity with the underlying spirit of resistance to fundamentally surmount the colonial contradictions. In other words, Sim Hun’s Sijo in the 1930s was the well-planned poetic structure designed to reveal colonial contradictions in a way of ‘strategic natural hiding’ in a paradoxical manner just like critical awareness of reality hidden in narratives to enlighten farmers. In this respect, Sim Hun’s Sijo strategy should be evaluated as an active attempt of choosing a political will to overcome the contradictions of colonial modernity in a paradoxical style although his political nature did not appear on the surface at all.

As reviewed above, in the central axis of the view of education of Yulgok , there is the process of study by reading. Yulgok had the view of education based on Lizhi(立志) and good nature principle and had the active will of education, and had the view of education for the purpose of building up one’s character and developing one’s quality of study and the big frame of Quongli(窮理). This view of education is based on the thinking that study is achieved from reading the books written in the list of books of Confucian, and this point of view of Yulgok imply the amount how the personality education in young age was important in the Joseon dynasty’s history of education. Yulgok fundamentally thought the education not the simple process of learning knowledge but the cultivation of one’s heart and body. Jujing(居敬) which is also the ultimate target of Yulgok’s view of education fundamentally exists for boosting basic virtue required for being a good man. Meanwhile, in his point of view, children’s will to set an aim in life is crucial for education and learning is some part of active process of self-discipline. As his view of education is developed by accepting Zhuzi(朱 子)’s thinking represented by Songru(宋儒), there is no fundamental difference between them. If we catch some differences, we can say that while Zhuzi noted the aspects of personality for Jujing, Yulgok noted the aspects of real behaving and wanted to find the answer of reading theory and educating theory through confucian scriptures. Going one step forward from this reading theory, he regarded a study as important and put emphasis on personality education which holds the way of thinking to live like a human being and expressed his thinking that it is possible to boost the talent required for being a saint by an education. Of course, as confirmed from his reading list, though it is true that there is some aspects saying he put an emphasis on the patriarchal society based on the moral sense rooted in feudal society, setting the direction of education through his view of reading which aims the real action for building an upright character is not simply the purpose for the acquisition of knowledge.

This paper is for examining the essence of Sa-cheongseong(淸聲) and the errors of Sa-cheongseong about 12Yul(律), centering around <discussing that Sa-cheongseong(淸聲) arises> from discussion part, and <defending that 4Cheong(淸) is Cheong(淸) of 5Cheong(五 淸), not Cheongseong(淸聲) of 12Yul> from defense part in articles about Sa-cheongseong from Jeong, yak-yong’s 『Akseogojon』(樂書孤存). First, that Sa-cheongseongs are sounds among 5 sounds is the basic premise by Jeong, yak-yong. The reason is, a sound would be very low if it is lower than Gung(宮) and a sound would be very high if it is higher than Woo(羽). So he claimed that a saint made Cheongseong(淸聲) at Gung(宮)ㆍSang(商)ㆍGak(角)ㆍChi(徵). That is, the 9 sound system is finally made up of ‘Gung(宮)ㆍCheonggung(淸宮)ㆍSang(商)ㆍCheongsang(淸商)ㆍGak(角)ㆍCheonggak(淸角)ㆍChi(徵)ㆍCheongchi(淸徵)ㆍWoo(羽)’. Also Sa-cheongseong is same with ‘4Sang’(四上)ㆍ‘4So’(四少)ㆍ‘4Yun’(四閏)ㆍ‘4Byeon’(四變), and so is the system. Second, Jeong, yak-yong told <4Cheong is Cheong(淸) of 5Cheong, not Cheongseong of 12Yul>. This is the problem raised between 12Yul and Sa-cheongseong, which is not well recognized now in Korean Music Academia. Jeong, yak-yong criticized Chuyeon(鄒衍) and Yeobulwi(呂不韋)'s Seongungjibeop(旋宮之法), since he thought that they deliberately added 4Yul(律) to Yichik(夷則)․Namyeo(南呂)․Muyeok(無射)․Uengjong(應鐘) to make 5 sounds system so that it can play a role as Seongung(旋宮). Moreover, he thought that the newly-made 4Yul(律), Cheonghwngjong[潢], Cheongdaeryeo[汏], Cheongtaeju[汰], Cheonghyeopjong[浹], were named samely with Sa-cheongseong(四淸聲) of O-seong(五聲) by theorists so that there becomes an error for the article of Sa-cheongseong. In addition, he claimed that there is no reason to add 4 stairs to 6Yul(律) since it has several grades. and he thought if there were Cheongseong(淸聲) in 12Yul, all the 12Yul had to have Cheongseong. Thus, he raised a question about the reason they made only Sa-cheongseongs. And he also doubted who to follow because the articles of Sa-cheongseong about 12Yul are all different depending on theorists. Furthermore, this paper discusses whether Pyeonjong(編鐘) which has 16 bells is an original shape or not, focusing on ‘Sa(肆)’ of Gajong(歌鍾) 2Sa(肆) which Jung Dynasty person gave to Qin Dynasty marquis. In this part, the point is that we can not know what shape ‘Sa’(肆) has exactly, because there is no accurate standard letters such as ‘Sa’(肆) or ‘Do’(堵) which are from the difference of translation from Jeonghyeon(鄭玄) and Duye(杜預). Thus, I can't be sure if the 16 bells is 1Je(劑), which Jeonghyeon(鄭玄) translated with 『Jurye』(周禮) on the basis of Han(漢) Dynasty music system. Also, there is no sentence like that in scriptures. Therefore, Dasan(茶山) suggested a sentence, ‘Music instrument makes 12Yul as its custom, and 12Seong(十二聲) as its standard’ from 『Jurye』(周禮) ｢Jeondongjik｣ (典同職). And he doubted if we should believe and iconize Jeonghyeon’s annotation without considering any sentences in scriptures which could be significant grounds. Finally, he expressed the legitimacy of Pyeonjong(編鐘) which is made of 12 bells.

It is crucial to constantly manage mental health on a daily basis. Moreover, mental health has a close functional relation with the cultivation of the mind. Recently, the field of arts has attempted to heal the minds through multilateral approaches such as art therapy, music therapy, and forest therapy. The field of literature has also been gradually increasing its effect of healing through converged reciprocal action with contiguous genres as well as categorizing its function into various segments including Integrated Literature Therapy, Literature Therapy, and Poetry Therapy. With careful observation, it is clear that Oriental books are all about the mind. What especially stands out is the exceptional feature of precautionary management of the mental health unlike western remedies—such as in psychoanalytic therapy—which merely focus on post-treatments. It is never too much to put emphasis on the value of Moderation as the context for mental health. This is because Moderation is not just a simple understanding but a rite of passage to a profound realization. Moderation is one of the philosophical texts that represent Confucianism and a high-dimensional pivot of Orientalism connoted in one word. It is filled with epigrams in every line instructing the proper techniques of a harmonious mind. In other words, it is a repository of mental health that contains endless skills and values. However, in the field of mental healing—which is becoming a serious field necessary in today’s society—Orientalism is being disregarded, overpowered by western psychoanalytic therapy. Agonized over such phenomenon, I have highlighted the stature and value of Moderation as follows. First, Moderation is presented as a context of fundamental healing by diverting the attention towards western healing theory to Orientalism. Next, the healing feature of moderation is reviewed in the perspective of Literary Therapy, reinforcing the modern practicality of Moderation. In addition, a new path to mental health has been revealed by extending and improving the categories of therapy to a precautious and constant level, which currently stays at a mere responsive therapy to psychological wounds. These three points are the fruits I achieved through the research on Moderation, opening a new prospect on the field of Literary Therapy.

The purpose of this study is to examine the mental status and problems of immigrated adolescents through a group art treatment program and search for the significance of the program experience. The research participants implemented the group art treatment program on four immigrated adolescents participating in an immigration center located in 'I' city for 12 times through the period of April 2015 to October 2015. The K-HTP pre- and post-test method was used in order to examine the emotional change of the participating immigrated adolescents. The results of this study pointed out that the components of the K-HTP have changed, meaning that the adolescents who participated in the group art treatment formed a positive self image. The immigrant youth who participated in the collage group art therapy demonstrated positive changes family, self and personal needs through the changed components of K-HTP. Also, the participants' behaviors changed from defensive to mutually communicative the research participants’ actions changed from defensive to communicative and that of showing their persona. In short, the results of this study show that the group art treatment experience provides immigrated adolescents a chance to promote their personal emotional change which can contribute in their adaptation to the Korean society. This case study of group art treatment experience is similar to Seung-Mee Lee(2007)’s study that personal inner capacity may be enhanced by increasing behavioral frequency of attentive listening and intragroup interaction in the process of clay and plastic arts work, and works explanation by participants. Thus, this study verified program development and its meanings for psychological-mental stability enhancement through arts as effective method which considers developmental and cultural distinctiveness of immigrant adolescents whose numbers are drastically increasing in Korea. This study will be used as a basic data to help their social adaptation.

This thesis tried to analyze of the location and Jeju Island13 luxurious tourist hotels in terms of Feng Shui. The colorful environment is analyzed and an improvement plan is presented by applying the ObangJeongsaeknon and Ohaengnon of Feng Shui theory that the human residence and natural environment may be harmonious. Colorful design should also be applied to the colors of inside and outside of building considering the environment and direction of the region to be able to receive a good spirit. This attempt is in the same context with being under the influence of topography from the aspect of Feng Shui and also applied to the shape of the building and the environment of color inside. It was found out not to be the location to receive a good earthly energy. Most hotels considered only the tourists' convenience for access. Especially the color of the outer wall emphasiezed only the visual effect never considering in terms of Feng Shui. An environmental and colorful design was presented that can win-win together with the shape of building. Especially colorful design was presented to win-win with the shape of building as the entrance of the building is the passage of energy. In conclusion, if the locational environment in Feng Shui is regarded as same as being under the influence of topography, the win-win between the shape and color of a building is very important because that is able to provide the members with pleasant and healthy environment. This research might be available as a criteria for plan and design in the field of housing lot in Feng Shui.

The main purpose of the thesis is to consider the site of Dongheun, which is not in the place now, in the phase of Pungsu theory. Janggi Myeun, one side is situated abutting the sea and three sides are all land areas. It has Back Mountain Front Sea feature and makes Dongak Mountain its Junsan. As its east and west are long, the middle area is law and the surrounding is high, so it forms basin. Because of its geographical characteristics, it was very advantageous to defend the Japanese invasion. The mountain castle shaped roof tiled form and played a role as a representative castle. Janggi Myeun's water system shapes the west-high and east-low situation. Water flows to the west and runs to the east, that is, the branches of water are combined and flow to the East Sea. The situation is so, Janggi stream, which flows around the janggi Up Castle, has the best qualification. As the water entrance to the East Sea is a law sand area, it can effect a little disadvantage to the area. By the way, Janggi stream is winding and slow flow and files organic materials. Dongak Mountain's originally-generated water falls into a pond before flowing and is combined into Janggi Stream again. The flow takes an energy of a good location because the flow changes its running way in the foot of Wechungrong near Janggi elementary school. Janggi takes Bangsan its main mountain and the shape is not Waheoul but changed Wahyeong Hyeuljang. As Hanggyo is situated under the Jabing Mountain, Bakho passes West Gate and plays a role as Annsan. It passes East Gate and is connected to the water entrance. In the side of the rear of Gaksa, Hyeonmu is placed. Because the jujak of Bakho Annsan and Jabong Mountain of Hyeonmu are responded each other, we can judge it as a good place generating a life energy. The site of the present Hanggyo is the central building of janggi Up castle. Gaksa, the representative building of the Janggi Up Castle, according to the principle of Cheonjeabukjenamhyang, is forwards to the south. To follow the flow of Eupsurong, it delivers the energy to the Heulcheu and adapts itself to the logic Pongsu theory and Donghun is placed in the left direction like the same way of Gaksa. The other attached buildings are placed well considering inner geographical features and the convenient use with other buildings. Gaksa of Jangji Up is located on the place of the present Hanggyo and placed under the Jabong Mountain branched from Bangsan and next the Dongheon was laid down. Hanggeo was destroyed during the Emjin Japanese invasion. They rebuilt it in Maheoundong on 1725, during the reign of King Yeongjo and Mr. Kim Youngsiu, the governor of jangji moved Hanggyeo to the inside of Up castle after fixing the GekGeon. We can see they kept the strict Confiucian order of rank because of disposition of east Hangyeo and west Sajikdan. As we see, according to the passage of time, though the structure of buildings was moved, we should restore the function of the Up Castle and try to save the spirits. It is the courageous attitude of the traditional Feng-shui theory.

This study is a comparison of Japanese basic verb ｢Nuku｣ and corresponding Korean verb ｢빼다｣ ｢뽑다｣ wihich means a movement outward, and analyzes each verb’s meaning structure in relation to cognitive linguistics. Cognitive linguistics explains that polysemies usually expand their meaning area from prototype under various social and cultural influences. Looking at the comparison between each verb, ｢nuku｣ and ｢빼다｣ correspond in the meaning of mere movement of the subject, and even expands the range to mean “to steal,” “to omit,” and “to eliminate.” Also the meaning “to pull out something from an evenly displayed container” and “to pull something that is stuck in a container with a will” is what the two verbs have in common. Abstract examples only show similarities in the expression “chikara o nuku” and “힘을 빼다.” Korean Meaning 2 “전세금을 빼다” does not correspond with ｢Nuku｣. “본전을 뽑다” and “점수를 뽑다” are examples with numerical characteristics. To summarize, ｢Nuku｣ ｢빼다｣ and ｢뽑다｣ are similar in the boundary of Meaning 1. In cognitive semantics, the prototype ｢Nuku｣ radiately broadens its meaning in relationship with metaphor, metonymy, and synecdoche. Prototype ｢빼다｣ and ｢뽑다｣ also develop new meaning from the comparisons of metaphor and metonymy. This study attempts to analyze semantic diversity of ｢nuku｣, ‘to pull outside’, in cognitive linguistics perspective and examine its semantic relations with Korean correspondences, ｢빼다｣ and ｢뽑다｣. ｢Nuku｣ expands its meaning by extending objects and starting points of ‘moving’ from concrete to abstract level, and more often corresponds to ｢빼다｣ than ｢뽑다｣ in Korean verbs. This study could provide valuable tips for non-native Japanese learners and non-native Korean learners in reducing improper choices of Korean and Japanese verbs.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the listening ability and the pronunciation ability by analyzing the results of experiments on Japanese accent production and accent perception by Korean learners of Japanese. The present work also analyzed the effects of taking a Japanese pronunciation course, the duration of learning Japanese, and their Japanese proficiency on the acquisition of Japanese accent. The results are as follows: 1) The mean score of advanced learners of Japanese was higher than that of beginning learners in listening and pronunciation tests. This result suggests that the difference in their Japanese proficiency level affects their acquisition of Japanese accent. 2) The present study has verified that the duration of learning Japanese affects Japanese learners' acquisition of Japanese accent: the longer they have learned Japanese, the more their pronunciation accuracy and listening ability have improved. The degree of improvement, however, was not directly proportional to the duration of learning Japanese. Therefore, it is conjectured that when Japanese learners have more active interest in Japanese accent and make more efforts to learn it, then they can achieve better results. 3) The present experiment has found that taking a course in Japanese pronunciation has a positive effect on the acquisition of Japanese accent. It matters whether learners of Japanese have taken a pronunciation course or not, but the results can be maximized when Japanese accent is acquired systematically and effectively in those pronunciation courses. 4) The present work has found that the relationship between listening and pronunciation was considerably low: the percentage of learners whose listening score and pronunciation score were both higher than the average score was 30 percent for advanced learners, and 18 percent for beginning learners. That is, the number of learners who acquired both the perception and pronunciation of Japanese accent in a stable manner was low. In addition, there existed a number of learners whose perception of Japanese accent was good, but their ability of pronouncing it was poor, and vice versa. These facts suggest that the interrelationship between Korean learners' pronunciation of Japanese accent and their perception of it is not strong.

This study examined and analyzed how suspension types of verbs, the affirmative form 「site」 in particular, which has various usages in meaning, appear in Japanese textbooks used in high school. The results are as follows. (1) The number of verbs used in the Japanese I textbook was 39 types (126 times used), and the most frequently used verb was ｢akeru｣(41 times used). However, the verb such as ｢arau｣(18 types), approximately 50% of a total, was used once. (2) According to the meaning, the verbs were used in the order of ｢procedure｣, ｢reason｣ ｢place｣ ｢contrast｣ ｢simultaneous process｣ ｢parallel list｣ and ｢means｣ ｢results of course｣, but the adversative conjunctive verb was not present in any of the 7 types of Japanese textbooks. (3) Considering the introductory part of each chapter, it started to be introduced approximately in chapter 8, and to be covered in chapter 9 in earnest. However, only the ｢D｣ textbook revealed noticeably small coverage on that. The suspension type of verbs is an important expression not only in Japanese, but also in other languages. Therefore, it would be important to introduce it after learning ｢masu｣ and after acquiring the negation form of ｢nai｣ for the case of inversion, so that the textbook can trigger students to learn through natural language activities rather than focusing on it mostly in the later parts of the book chapters. Specifically, it would be more desirable to teach Japanese that is actually being used in school. That is, instead of teaching Japanese based on grammatical jargons, it would be more effective to teach based on real usage of words so that the learners can acquire the language more naturally. Moreover, the teaching method will be in line with the learning objectives of 2009 revised national curriculum which emphasizes verbal communication.

“24 people” is the high artistic poem that made by Kosugi Misei, who directly experienced the incheon sea battle as a correspondent, which prelude to the Russo-Japanese war. Kosugi Misei pondered the suffering and inner side of the Russian wounded and symbolized that in the language of poem. This became important trigger to develop Kosugi Misei's anti-war art activities. This study tried a comprehensive and detailed analysis and interpretation about the “24 people” which have not been studied in depth at the academic level. The significant results of this study are as follows. First, “24 people” is the first poem based on the author's own experience, expressing the horrors of the Russo-Japanese War, It was born in close association with drawing activities and versifying activities. Second, The delicate observations and detailed strokes as a painter are mixed in the poetic diction then, finished with high quality works of reality and artistry. Third, this work embodied the pain and suffering of injured soldiers to poetic diction, It becomes beginning of a trend which is like Kosugi Misei's war poetry. Fourth, The poet's speaker, asked the responsibility of the Russo-Japanese war not only Russia but also Japan. In addition, he expresses his sympathetic attitude toward the Korean people who are the victims of this war, It is a special aspect that cannot be found in the war poetry of other poets during the Russo-Japanese War. Finally, One of the most distinctive aspects in the development of the antiwar artistic activity of Gosugi Misei, He expressed the poem and picture with transcending the distinction between enemy forces, friendly forces, also between races and peoples. The poem “24 people” has important meaning by showing the artistic trend of Kosugi Misei impressively for the first time.

In this paper, I will take up　Medoruma Shun’s “Rainbow Bird[NIJINOTORI]” and reconsider the violence in the novel. Regarding “Rainbow Bird[NIJINOTORI]” many papers have been focused on the subject side where violence is invoked. These papers share recognition in it having been the times when it is impossible that sacrifice of Okinawa becomes the politics by mechanism of the politics. And asked a meaning of the violence that chief characters used at the present when it was the times of the politicalization impossibility and asked whether it could be counter violence to the United States. I will examine the aspect of violence operating inside Okinawa society through a person called Katsuya who is not in the side using violence but in the middle of violent situations. Katsuya is a person who represents the reality of Okinawa after the Okinawa war. Distorted consciousness is shown to Katsuya living in the violence of visible U.S. forces and a bottom of the non-visible economic violence structure. He has conflicting emotions of extreme fear and longing for violence, and the impulse to violence works on a daily basis. Such Katsuya can be said to be a colonial body by the colonialism violence to continue. Violence in novels can also be said to be ‘premonition of violence’ by colonial body which embodies colonialism. “Rainbow Bird[NIJINOTORI]” can not be read only as Okinawa's counter violence against US military violence. “Rainbow Bird[NIJINOTORI]” is a work that is asking what formations the violence within the Okinawa society was formed rather than drawing a counter violence by literary imagination.

From the perspective of foreign learners, main goal of learning foreign language is not only just language learning but reaching step of exerting one’s full competence with his foreign language skill in specific vocation field. Therefore, a current goal of learning Japanese in Korea needs to change to be more practical and businesslike for meeting learners’ demand. Social demand about education ways is being bigger because first, university fixed number will be bigger than graduated number from 2018 and after 2025, more than 30% of fixed number will be shortage. second, upbringing policy of college that targets knowledge-based industries through bringing charming and special college and guiding competence based society. third, identity crisis of junior college is caused by running of department store way. fourth, mismatching compete of person graduated college and industrial environment. Therefore, Curriculum focusing existed pure major in language and literature reforms curriculum focusing job based NCS (national competency standards)for bringing high quality human resources in industry place. The result, Our department developed curriculum targeting job training related trade business affairs and the administration of physical distribution, the performance of one`s duties be connected Japanese competent. This paper examines models of foreign language teaching for building National Competency Standards(NCS). In particular, this paper focuses on needs analysis in vocational foreign language education tailored to specific student needs. NCS is a concept that identifies and standardizes competencies which are required for successful job performance.

Ushering in the age of the cultural content industry, Chinese classical novels have been utilized in various ways in the cultural content industry, and this serves as a motivation for researchers to expand the scope of their studies on Chinese classical novels and to diversify research methods. A Chinese martial arts masterpiece, 『A Touch of Zen (俠女)』(1970), and a recently released movie, 『The Assassin (刺客 聶隱娘)』(2015) were all developed as cultural content based on Chinese classical novels. As an original source, 『Nieyinniang (聶隱娘)』 and 『Xianu (俠女)』 have a common categorical characteristic, that is, a novel about female knight-errants. As the two novels have a narrative structure focusing on female knight-errants, temporal and spatial backgrounds of martial arts fantasy novels, and stories of female knight-errants, they both have values as an original source of cultural content. Characters of female knight-errants in the novels provides materials to create characters with strong personalities in cultural content. The temporal and spatial backgrounds of martial arts fantasy novels where the concept of “justice(俠)” has been actualized provides valuable materials as an original source of unlimited imagination. Stories of female knight-errants have a plot about marriage and martial arts, and also give interesting narrative materials as an original source of cultural content. When transforming classical novels into cultural content, it is necessary to pay attention to the characteristics of acceptance and transformation in the process of storytelling. Chinese classical novels, 『Nieyinniang (聶隱娘)』 and 『Xianu (俠女)』, were recreated, through the process of creating cultural content, into storytelling about a poetic story of a female knight-errant in 『The Assassin (刺客 聶隱娘)』 and about a spectacular martial arts story of female knight-errants in 『A Touch of Zen (俠女)』.

This article defined the “YUE” is “YUE” in the analects of Confucius “LI and YUE Culture”. Concept of “benevolence” is the core of Confucius philosophy is ontology of Confucian philosophy system, “The LI” and “The YUE” is the path to “benevolence”. The “LI” and “YUE” argue each other dependent, is the core of Confucius thought of “benevolence” externalizing reflected, is an important means of political ethics; In the aspect of social education and personal accomplishment, “YUE” is the unity of the moral and art, is a person how to become a “gentleman”, achieve the highest state of harmonious personality; Confucius' interpretation of the thought of “YUE”, formed the good harmonious humanistic spirit, laid the gene of Chinese LI and YUE Culture, has profound influence on the development of China's cultural history.

Zia Zhanke, the 6th generation of Chinese cinema, has produced independent movies, in contrast to the 5th one who has changed to seek commercial filmmaking after the spread of capitalism in China. He finds his root in realim and supports this aesthetic by using documentary filmmaking styles. Moreover he tries to mix all the ingredients in real life by experimenting with sounds and images in order to represent the real more sincerely and truthfully. However he does not hesitate to mix fiction and documentary in his films since it is believed that the reality can be more easily revealed in this hybridity. His works are regarded documents of contemporary chinese society and peoples and also they are reconstructed, creative fictions. His unique style and sensibility capture overlapping moments of the past and the present of chinese history where melancholic nostalgia could be found. Main characters in his films are usually others or minors in society who tend to live passive lives as if rapid and significant developments of society escape them. They are depicted as objects of the sublime. However, in this reason this passive stereotyped labors and minorities in terms of their political positions may well show the limitations of realism aesthetic in Zia Zhanke's films. In this articla, I will try to anylyze several features of Chinese realim aesthic through Zia Zhanke's films, in which sounds and images are juxtaposed with mixed styles of documentary and fiction. However, in recent his works, his perpsective of seeing developments of chinese society has been changed in relation of his status of director in China and World cinema.

The purpose of this study is to compare the conflict structures of Korean family drama(<Second Child’s Generation>) and Chinese family drama(<Second Child’s Generation>), using the semiotic method of Greimas. The results of the narrative analysis on the actantial model and the semiotic square show that in both of Korean and Chinese dramas the object which the subjects will desire to achieve is the same. It is the ‘harmony of the family.’ But the contrary terms that bring disharmony and cause conflicts among the family members are different. In Korean drama, the contrary term is ‘discrimination’, while in Chinese drama it is ‘difference’. In Korean drama, the subject is the daughter-in-law, Jin-Ae Lee. She has been discriminated against for being a woman. Her marriage was opposed by her future mother-in-law because she was poor and has not graduated outside of high school. After she succeeded in marriage, she has been ignored by her mother-in-law. She has continued to adjust to her mother-in-law until her sacrifice is recognised by other family members, especially her mother-in-law. By that she finally achieved her desire-having a harmonious family. In the Chinese drama, the subject is the wife, Chan-Chan Jin. She has the different opinions about the family issues such as parenting and livelihood with her husband and mother-in-law. She has continued to argue with them. Finally, she carried her points through with them and by that she acquired the harmonious family. So the heroine of the Chinese family drama goes farther from the existing patriarchal system.

Despite increasing researches on Koreanology of Chinese universities and their research institutes, the studies on holistic analysis of research situation and results of the history of exchange between Korea and China are lacking. Especially, it is difficult to know what kind of field the Chinese Koreanology scientific field is interested in and how it studies after the 21st century. The study on the history of exchange between Korea and China in China can be a measurement of how Chinese society is looking at the relationship between Korea and China and how it understands Korea. Moreover, it is judged in the sight of Korea that by analyzing the research results in China, it can understand the Chinese views of history, politics, thinking, etc. Accordingly, this study attempts to examine the following three aspects intensively to research the situation and characteristics of studies on the history of exchange between Korea and China. First, how is the quantitative trend of studies on the history of exchange between Korea and China and the situation of studies by theme? Second, what time period of the exchange between Korea and China is this study interested in and advances the paper? Third, how are the political, economic, and cultural views and characteristics of the exchange between Korea and China? Through this, it will be able to be understood what the academic world in China is interested in, how the education for the history of exchange between Korea and China is forming, and what attitude Korea should take.

With the application and popularization of computer technology and internet, the electronic commerce industry and tourism industry has been closely connected. E-commerce not only can promote the tourism industry, but also can promote the innovation of the management mode. Construction and management of tourism websites in China is moving towards a good trend. In order to use the resources of tourism website more effectively, this paper uses the selected questionnaire which is focus on the method of R Muhtaseb, K Lakiotaki, N Matsatsinis(2012), to study the usability of several large domestic online travel agency(Ctrip, Lvmama, MangoCity and 17U.cn). In the course of the study, mainly to carry out the test of the questionnaire reliability, and on this basis, we had analysed the basic information of the questionnaire and data after completed three tasks。Then suggestions are given on the basis of a comparison and analysis of the clooected data. With observation, analysis and interpretation of the sample of the type of life and industry, science and technology and humanity in the background of the Internet and the public leisure time, this paper is a study of the cultural view, the behavior theory and the industry development. The authors hope that this study can have some benefits on the construction of tourism websites and the promotion of electronic commerce of cultural industry in China.

In the history of the political thought, no matter in the East or in the West, there were people who not only advocated the implementation of the autocratic monarchy, but also provided the complete “the skill of reign” for monarch about how to rule the country and how to govern the officials in feudal times. In China, Shen Buhai and Hanfei in the Warring States period are representatives. Shen Buhai reminded the monarch that any official was unreliable and in order to maintain political governing, the monarch must try to make officials fear and obedient and the key to do that is the use of political trickery. He said the use of political trickery can be considered from two aspects, one is to make officials clear their responsibilities and two is the monarch cannot freely express their own opinions. Han Fei believed that the monarchy rule the country, on the one hand, must rely on the rule of law, on the other hand must depend on the “the skill of reign”. In the Western Renaissance, in the light of the actual situation of Italy's split, Machiavel completely expounded his autocratic monarchy theory and the skill of monarch rule. Machiavel stressed that the monarch can do anything in order to achieve political purposes. His theory is called “machiavellianism”. Although the eastern and western thinkers lived in different times and different countries, however, because their own experience and the thinking track showed similarity, the thoughts of them amazingly presented “the resonance beyond time and space”. Even the descendants pass different judgments on these, the thoughts of the thinkers are still immortal treasures in the treasure house of human culture.

Even though Korea is in surplus in the Korea-China trade balance of medical device industry, the current condition is not optimistic because of Chinese policies to expand domestic demand, non-tariff barriers, and political variables. This study aims to understand main problems of our government and companies' entry into China, and then to suggest the analysis and solution measures. First, it aims to examine the structure and current status of Korea-China medical device industry. Second, it aims to analyze the trend and problems of Korea-China medical device industry. Third, it aims to seek for solution measures of Korean medical device industry's entry into China. In order to advance into the China market, a strategy to promote Korean medical device companies and products are needed using the Korean Wave(韓流). Currently, it is important and urgent to continuously promote the brands of Korean companies products by utilizing various marketing channels such as the Internet, TV, movies, smart phones, and wearable technologies. It is necessary to keep up with the various major policies and trends that are changing in China market and continuously foster professionals who can provide feedback to Korean companies in real time. In addition, fast implementation of active medical device policies is needed to make the Korean companies advancement into China market easier and to save time and cost. Korean companies shall try to overcome the strict regulation on the medical devices and protectionism made by Chinese government using the localization strategy and focus their investment in the competitive products group. They shall also try to develop the marketing strategy through various channels to enhance the brand recognition while developing the expert in the trade with China internally. The Korean government also have to make the active and effective policy to help the companies to enter into Chinese markets.

This paper discusses on the origin of Sino-Vietnamese through reflects of velar mainly Comparative Study with Sino-Korean and Sino-Japanese, and the following conclusions were drawn. I decided that velar system of Sino-Vietnamese originated by late Southern and Northern Dynasties sounds of 5th century and Qieyun sounds of 7th century. A main key of origin is a changing of voiced muddy sounds to aspirated sounds and a changing of nasal to non-nasal stops in Qin sounds of 8th century. Voiced muddy sounds changed voiceless aspirated secondarily-clear sounds and nasal stops clear-muddy sounds changed non-nasal stops in Qin sounds of 8th century. Initial-g changed kh in Qin sounds of 8th century. but only 5 characters of 6.8% reflected kh and 65 characters of 84.9% reflected k. It means that reflects of upto Qieyun sounds of 7th century. Initial-ng changed non-nasal stops in Qin sounds of 8th century. But 47 characters of 74.6% reflected ng. It means that Sino-Vietnamese reflected upto Qieyun sounds of 7th century. And velar in the Sino-Vietnamese contained Qin sounds of 8th century and modern sounds. In conclusion, Sino-Vietnamese originated by late Southern and Northern Dynasties sounds of 5th century and Qieyun sounds of 7th century, and effected Qin sounds of 8th century and modern sounds. From now on, through analysis of another initials, I think that origin of Sino-Vietnamese can be cleared.

This study aims to examine the quality of life in the regions of Russia, especially considering the emergence of the mall as the consumption of space. Modern Russian shopping mall today turned into the consumption of space for goods and services, adapted to the tastes and preferences of Russian consumers. In this context, modern shopping mall have a significant impact on the process of changing the culture of life in Russia. For analytical purposes, a series of interviews with representatives of non-governmental organizations and ordinary citizens of Oryol and Tula oblast was conducted. And author used various official statistical data related to quality of life in Russia. According to the analysis, the degree of satisfaction of life at Tula inhabitants was slightly higher degree of satisfaction of life at Oryol inhabitants, however, significant differences were not found. But representatives of the two regions agree with the positive role of shopping mall as a commercial and cultural space. Thus, the modern shopping mall contribute to the development of quality of life and consumer culture in the regions, as well as have a positive impact on the degree of satisfaction with the daily life of citizens. It was also found that one of the elements that have a tremendous impact on the quality of life in Russia, is a government policies and state support for the citizens.