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This study critically analyzes the Official Development Assistance (ODA) policies of Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK) toward ASEAN (2010?2023). Challenging assumptions of aid homogeneity, the paper argues that the increasingly asymmetric ODA patterns are deeply rooted in their distinct, historically constructed ‘aid ideas’. A quantitative and ideational- institutional framework is used to map these policy divergences. While quantitative data (OECD DAC, QuODA) confirm ROK's superior alignment with international norms versus Japan's loan-centric economic infrastructure priority, the core of the divergence is ideational. Japan’s ODA ideology is founded on ‘self-help’ and explicitly seeks ‘national interest’ (2003 Charter), justifying its consistent deviation from DAC norms in favor of commercial and geopolitical returns. This shift was a political response to internal and external pressures post-Cold War. Conversely, ROK’s aid ideology is profoundly shaped by its unique history as the world’s first major recipient country to transition into a DAC donor. This narrative fuels a powerful domestic and international drive for institutional legitimation as an ‘advanced donor,’ resulting in the prioritization of universal international norms, as codified in the 2010 ‘Framework Act on International Development Cooperation.’ ROK's policy path is thus characterized by normative compliance, contrasting sharply with Japan's strategic mercantilism. The study concludes that Japan and ROK represent two distinct models, providing crucial policy implications. ASEAN can strategically navigate the complementary yet asymmetric nature of the aid?leveraging Japan for economic infrastructure and ROK for social development?to maximize its development outcomes.

This study examines transnational capital and labor mobility between China and Japan through long-term qualitative research on Dalian's IT industry from 2003 to 2025. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews conducted during two fieldwork periods (2013-2016 and 2023-2025), it analyzes how technological advancement, geopolitical shifts, and economic policy changes have transformed cross-border labor migration and class stratification in East Asia. The development of Dalian's IT industry is divided into four phases: Growth Period (2003-2008), Restructuring Period (2008-2015), Localization Transition (2015-2022), and Deglobalization Transition (2022-2025). During the Growth Period, Dalian emerged as a core hub for Japanese IT offshoring, processing up to 90% of Japan's offshore operations due to geographic proximity, regional affinity, abundant Japanese-speaking workforce, low labor costs, and government incentives. The Restructuring Period saw continued offshoring growth despite the 2008 financial crisis, though Japan's market share declined from 90.9% to 52.8% by 2014. The Localization Transition featured rapid wage increases, institutional reforms, and political tensions, leading to mass replacement of Japanese expatriates with local Chinese workers, especially bilingual professionals. The Deglobalization Period since 2022 has witnessed corporate withdrawals and layoffs driven by Japan's Economic Security Promotion Act and China's Anti-Espionage Law, causing reverse migration to Japan and relocation to Southeast Asia. This research makes three contributions: demonstrating how global capitalism repositions labor for cost reduction; examining locally-hired workers rather than privileged expatriates to reveal East Asian labor market realities; and analyzing how post-2020 deglobalization intensifies labor precarity and class polarization. The findings show that transnational mobility is determined by complex factors beyond wages?including career prospects, social networks, and geopolitical risks?challenging conventional globalization narratives.

This study aims to conduct an in-depth examination of the various aspects of fishery exchange between China and Japan that developed around the Zhili Fisheries Education Institution, China’s first higher fisheries education institution. Specifically, it focuses on its founder, Sun Fengzao, and his three visits to Japan, conducted amidst deteriorating international relations. To achieve this, this study adopts French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, using it to analyze the dynamic structure of the ‘field’ surrounding his three practical investigations to Japan. This study’s ultimate goal is to clarify the nature of the fishery exchange between China and Japan, formed through the Zhili Fisheries Education Institution during its early establishment, and the specific ‘field’ from which it emerges. This study holds academic significance as it deviates from the conventional understanding that existing research on the history of fisheries schools is limited to static introductions of individual institutions. Instead, it presents a dynamic educational sociological analytical perspective on the development of international exchange during a period of deteriorating international relations. Furthermore, this novel approach is expected to provide significant implications for fisheries-specialized educational institutions today, aiming to foster fisheries professionals suited for the global era, as they re-evaluate the strategic direction of international exchange and seek effective practical measures. This study suggests that direct cooperation and exchange initiatives with overseas institutions or schools can be explored as a viable alternative for individual educational institutions to sustain international exchange. Its significance lies particularly in its empirical demonstration of how the school field responded to external stimuli, spearheaded international cooperation, and served as a conduit for cultivating specialized personnel and facilitating knowledge transfer.

This article examines the structure and dynamics of the ginseng market in Taiwan during the 1920s under the Japanese colonial monopoly system, with particular attention to the interaction between imperial capital, local merchants, and Korean traders. Existing studies have largely described the Taiwanese ginseng market as a unilateral structure dominated by the Japanese Government-General and Mitsui & Co. However, contemporary newspapers, advertisements, and commercial directories reveal a more complex configuration involving multiple actors and distribution channels. By analyzing Mitsui’s internal branch managers’ meeting records and the travel accounts of Kaes?ng ginseng merchants, this study demonstrates that red ginseng functioned as a strategic monopoly commodity through which the colonial state and Mitsui sought to control price, supply, and quality while expanding their economic sphere across East Asia, particularly into South China and Southeast Asia. Within this system, Taiwan emerged as a distinctive market in which monopoly retail rights were delegated to selected local merchants. Focusing on the activities of Taiwanese merchants such as Chang Ching-kang and Li Chin-tsan, the article shows how the monopoly structure was locally implemented and adapted. Chang consolidated dominance over the red ginseng market through state backing, media support, and discourses of authenticity and legal compliance, while Li pursued an alternative strategy by modernizing traditional Chinese medicine and integrating retail with medical services. In contrast, the Korean merchant Han Jae-ryong operated outside the red ginseng monopoly, developing an independent market centered on white ginseng and processed ginseng products while also serving as a key figure within the Korean community in Taiwan. By reconstructing the largely overlooked activities of Han Jae-ryong, this study argues that the Taiwanese ginseng market was not a monolithic monopoly but a plural commercial space where multiple actors and practices coexisted. Through a cross-analysis of heterogeneous sources?including newspapers, advertisements, official documents, and merchants’ travel records?this article contributes to a more nuanced understanding of colonial-era commodity markets and highlights the significance of Korean overseas merchants within East Asian commercial networks.

This study conducts a comparative analysis of metaphorical expressions involving “horse” and “cattle” in Korean and Uyghur proverbs to examine how the two discourse communities perceive the human-nature relationship from the perspective of ecolinguistics. A total of 213 proverbsin Korean and 86 in Uyghur that include “horse” and/or “cattle” as core semantic elements were selected for analysis. These were collected from major Korean and Uyghur linguistic sources, including field research and oral data obtained directly from native Uyghur speakers. The analysis applies a qualitative discourse approach based on Stibbe‘s ecolinguistic framework, focusing on three categories: metaphor, frame, and human-nature relationship. The results indicate that Korean proverbs tend to use horses and cattle primarily as tools to describe human social order and emotions, often associating them with concepts such as competition, hierarchy, efficiency, and moral instruction. This reflects an anthropocentric worldview in which nature is positioned as a utilitarian object subordinate to human authority. In contrast, Uyghur proverbs portray horses and cattle as co-agents capable of emotional interaction and ethical care, emphasizing values like reciprocity, moderation, coexistence, and affective responsiveness. In this worldview, nature is not a resource to be exploited but a partner in a shared ethical relationship with humans. This study demonstrates that proverbs are not merely expressions of folk wisdom but serve as condensed linguistic artifacts encoding a community’s worldview and ecological sensibilities. It also shows that ecolinguistic analysis can be extended to traditional oral genres such as proverbs. In particular, by incorporating Uyghur?a language rarely explored in ecolinguistics?this research contributes to the cross-cultural expansion of the field and provides an academic foundation for its application in language education and environmental ethics.

This study conducts a comparative iconographical analysis of two late Joseon Dynasty temple maps, the “Map of Jogyesan Songgwangsa Temple” and the “Map of the Reconstruction of Seonamsa Temple by Great Master Daegak,” focusing on their ‘Sando’ (mountain map) production techniques. While sharing the same 19th-century temporal setting and the typological characteristic of being panoramic temple views, the analysis reveals fundamental differences in their artistic methods, objectives, and underlying ideologies. The Songgwangsa map, reflecting the temple's established authority as a ‘Seungbo Jongchal’ (Sangha Jewel Monastery), employs a realistic and pictorial style influenced by ‘Jin-gyeong’ (true-view) landscape painting. Its purpose is to ‘record’ and ‘display’ the temple's existing grandeur and its harmony with nature, embodying a harmonious worldview that sees nature as an aesthetic subject. In contrast, the Seonamsa map demonstrates a strong strategic intent to establish its historical legitimacy and Feng Shui auspiciousness amidst its rivalry with Songgwangsa. It utilizes a schematic, symbolic, and ‘Feng Shui-logical’ style, with folk painting influences, to ‘assert’ and ‘persuade’ viewers of its superiority as a propitious site. This approach actively visualizes an instrumental view of nature and the 'Bibo' (remedial) Feng Shui philosophy, where nature is analyzed and controlled to create an auspicious location. In conclusion, the technical differences between the two maps transcend mere stylistic variations; they are visual manifestations of each temple's unique historical context, competitive dynamics, and self-identity. While the Songgwangsa map serves as a monumental ‘confirmation of achieved authority,’ the Seonamsa map functions as a strategic ‘declaration for constructing authority.’ This research illuminates how the complex dynamics between rival temples in the late Joseon period were projected onto visual culture.

This study aims to propose Jeonnam dialect listening education for Korean language education based in Jeollanam-do and Gwangju, and to present ways of integrating Jeonnam dialect listening education with Namdo culture. Foreigners residing in non-metropolitan areas often encounter increased difficulties in learning Korean, as they experience confusion between the standardized Korean taught in textbooks and the local dialects used in daily life. This highlights the necessity of region-based dialect education. Previous Jeonnam dialect education has largely focused on marriage migrant women. However, in recent years, the foreign resident population in Korea has expanded beyond marriage migrants to include international students and migrant workers. Accordingly, this study proposed an educational approach that links these dialectal elements with Namdo culture. This study classifies foreign residents in Jeollanam-do into three cohorts?international students, marriage migrants, and migrant workers?and analyzes survey data on Namdo culture collected from these groups to identify culture?linked pathways tailored to learner characteristics. Drawing on this analysis, this study articulates differentiated strategies for aligning Namdo cultural content with instructional objectives in ways responsive to each cohort’s needs. Building on these findings, the study presents practice?oriented Jeonnam dialect listening lesson plans that are explicitly integrated with Namdo cultural themes. By broadening the scope of previous studies on Jeonnam dialect education, which were limited to marriage migrants, this research suggests a new pedagogical framework for Korean language education targeting foreigners residing in Jeollanam-do and Gwangju, while realizing dialect listening education in practice through its integration with Namdo culture. The significance of this study lies in expanding the perspective of dialect education and providing a culturally integrated, region-based Korean language education model.

This study conducted a comparative analysis of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) awareness and understanding among 464 university students in Korea and China. It was designed as a baseline investigation to assess the status, activation, and educational experiences of SDGs learning in the two national contexts. To capture both perceptions and engagement, a structured questionnaire was administered to measure cognitive awareness and behavioral participation. The instrument was constructed to ensure systematic coverage of key dimensions of SDGs literacy and practice. The survey comprised five analytical domains. First, it measured recognition of SDG-related terminology as an indicator of foundational familiarity with core concepts and vocabulary. Second, it assessed conceptual understanding of SDGs and related knowledge beyond nominal awareness. Third, it examined perceptions of principal actors responsible for achieving SDGs in domestic and international arenas. This domain compared attributions of responsibility to individuals, public institutions, and international organizations. Fourth, it investigated respondents’ experiences with SDG-related actions, including participation in activities, educational programs, and practice-oriented initiatives. Fifth, it elicited students’ priority judgments by asking them to select the five most important goals among the 17 SDGs. In addition, respondents identified five goals they considered most salient from a national perspective. The findings show that Korean students had higher recognition of SDG-related terms, while Chinese students demonstrated more active engagement in practical actions. Korean students emphasized the role of individuals and prioritized environmental goals (e.g., climate change response), whereas Chinese students valued the role of public institutions and focused on social welfare goals (e.g., gender equality). In terms of education, Korean universities promote participatory programs based on K-SDGs, while Chinese universities emphasize government-led institutionalization and international cooperation. The study suggests that both countries should establish standardized, competency-based SDG education frameworks and transform universities into platforms that foster value internalization and practical implementation.

This study reinterprets the worsening problem of lonely deaths(kodokushi) in Korea and Japan, both of which have entered hyper-aged society,, from the perspective of the “Individualization of death.” It proposes community-based alternatives to overcome this problem. Comparing the changing funeral cultures of Korea and Japan, the trend toward urbanization and nuclear families, and policies addressing lonely death, it reveals that both societies have reduced death to a private and individual event managed by the family, market, and state, thereby losing the sense of relational death. To transcend this, we examine Jean-Luc Nancy's “community of inaction” as a theoretical framework and rethink death as a catalyst for community formation that enables the sharing of otherness and finitude. From this perspective, this study proposes a three-stage community care model for permanent rental apartment complexes in Korea: ① relationship building through everyday mutual care, ② communalization of death through resident-participatory funerals, and ③ relationship reconstruction through memory and mourning. Furthermore, to ensure the sustainability of this model, we introduce social currency and a relationship-based economy to transform care, funeral, and memory activities into socially recognized contributions, suggesting the potential for expansion into community businesses such as funeral support and mourning coordination. This is significant in that it shifts the focus on preventing lonely deaths beyond the confines of welfare or administrative functions to the task of restoring community relationships. Furthermore, the possibility of conditional application to Japanese public housing may also be considered.

With the rapid global growth of the electric vehicle (EV) industry, EVs have emerged as a key driver of paradigm shifts in the automotive sector and the restructuring of energy systems. As a strategic industry critical to climate change mitigation and low-carbon development, the EV sector has received extensive policy support and has been the subject of active scholarly research worldwide. In South Korea, research on EVs has expanded rapidly over the past two decades; however, existing studies have largely focused on isolated topics, limiting a comprehensive understanding of the overall research trends. To address this gap, the present study systematically analyzed the thematic trends and knowledge structure of domestic EV research over the past 25 years by employing topic modeling and linguistic network analysis. Topic modeling was applied to probabilistically identify latent research themes, while linguistic network analysis visualized the relationships among key terms, providing a holistic perspective on the research landscape. The results indicate that Korean EV research has been predominantly concentrated on technological advancement, including batteries, vehicle technologies, and charging infrastructure. In contrast, themes related to social impact, policy, and sustainability were comparatively underrepresented. This finding suggests a strong technological bias in existing research and highlights the need for more integrated approaches that encompass socio-environmental implications and policy responses. By mapping the structure and identifying limitations of domestic EV research, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the research field and offers guidance for future academic and policy-oriented investigations. It underscores the importance of expanding research beyond technological dimensions to support sustainable industrial development and informed policymaking.

Quantum mechanics, which emerged in the early 20th century, was a revolutionary theory that transformed the paradigm of modern science by presenting a worldview of indeterministic relations that went beyond Newtonian determinism. Religion began to take interest in quantum mechanics because its indeterministic worldview offered a new framework for rethinking the relationship between divine order and human consciousness. Previous studies on the relationship between quantum mechanics and religion have mostly focused on philosophical or theological comparisons and the interpretations of individual thinkers. Few have attempted to quantitatively analyze the structural flow of the discourse as a whole. Therefore, this study empirically analyzed the academic discourse on the religious interpretation of quantum mechanics in Korea using text-mining techniques. For this purpose, 186 KCI-listed papers and 89 theses in the humanities from the Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) were collected, focusing on those that interpreted quantum mechanics from a religious perspective. The analysis employed morphological analysis, frequency analysis, Word2Vec-based associative analysis, semantic network analysis, and BERTopic-based topic modeling. The results revealed that the religious discourse on quantum mechanics can be categorized into four major structures: (1)Quantum Ontology and Eastern Religious Discourse, (2)Quantum Epistemology and Consciousness Discourse, (3)Indeterminism and Divine Providence Discourse, and (4)Theology and Science Integration Discourse. These findings demonstrate that the religious interpretation of quantum mechanics is not confined to a single religious tradition but forms a complex discursive structure where Christian theology, Buddhist philosophy, and Eastern thought intersect. The significance of this study lies in its quantitative structuring of the discourse on the religious interpretation of quantum mechanics, moving beyond purely qualitative comparison. Through this approach, the study identifies how quantum mechanics functions not merely as a scientific theory but as a mediating language for generating religious meaning, and it provides a methodological foundation for interdisciplinary convergence research connecting science and religion, as well as Eastern and Western thought.

This study aims to design and propose the Busan-style Education for Aquatic Minds (BEAM) model as a regionally adaptive framework for marine education. The BEAM model seeks to revitalize Busan’s identity as a maritime city by integrating education, local industry, public policy, and civic engagement into a cohesive learning ecosystem. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Quantitatively, the PKNU Maritime Index was analyzed to assess the current level of marine education competence in Busan. Qualitatively, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 experts from major East Asian maritime universities (Taiwan Ocean University, Shanghai University, Shanghai Ocean University) to explore perceptions of practical education, policy support, and cross-sector collaboration. Thematic analysis was applied to identify key themes, and the results were triangulated to inform the model design. Findings revealed that marine education in Korea remains fragmented and primarily school-centered, with limited integration across industry and civic sectors. Based on these insights, the BEAM model was developed around three core principles (Locality, Integration, and Practicality) and organized into three learning stages: BEAM Start, BEAM Grow, and BEAM Action. Each stage includes modular programs connecting academic learning with real-world problem-solving through project-based learning, STEAM integration, and civic collaboration. The proposed model demonstrates strong potential as a sustainable educational ecosystem linking regional innovation, human resource development, and community participation. The BEAM model provides a strategic blueprint for region-specific, interdisciplinary marine education. It advances the paradigm from knowledge transmission to social practice, emphasizing participatory learning and multi-stakeholder governance. Future research should empirically validate the model’s educational impact and explore its scalability to other coastal regions.

In a time when the need for maritime cultural literacy and education is increasingly emphasized, the purpose of this paper is to investigate and organize the current status of contents production based on Busan’s maritime cultural prototypes as a means of expanding maritime education. Based on this research, the paper explores how to utilize maritime cultural prototypes and promote maritime education. The proposed approach is the ‘MARAE’ model, which is derived from the acronym ‘Making, Adding, Remembering, Amending, and Enlivening’. It is necessary to create diverse contents based on Busan’s maritime cultural prototypes and utilize them in maritime education. To utilize maritime cultural prototypes as educational resources, the Busan city government, local governments, related arts organizations, schools, and social organizations play a crucial role. Creating contents utilizing Busan’s maritime cultural prototypes is crucial to increasing Busan citizen participation. In particular, programs like the ‘Jeolyeongma Yeongdo Story Tour Bus’, operated by Yeongdo-gu, should be implemented by each district and county office in Busan. For maritime education, educators should plan and utilize maritime cultural prototypes exploration pathways. Educators should correct misconceptions when providing maritime education and ensure that students and citizens understand the true nature of maritime culture. The city of Busan, scholars, and those involved in the cultural industry need to collaborate to compile contents based on Busan’s maritime culture and prototypes. We need to explore ways to leverage this knowledge to expand maritime education. To achieve this, the central government and local governments should provide financial support to foster an environment where scholars and contents creators can conduct research, study, and create contents. Furthermore, to promote maritime culture education, we need to foster educational programs and train maritime culture interpreters.

This study investigates the typologies and practical possibilities of contemporary marine art through the Busan Sea Art Festival, addressing the Anthropocene shift in which the ocean is no longer a romantic scenery or a mere exhibition backdrop but a condition that structures artistic practice. As its overarching analytical lens, the study draws on Blue Humanities and Korean Marine Humanities, while engaging debates in New Genre Public Art, site-specificity, ecological art, participatory art and relational aesthetics, and sensorial/embodied aesthetics. The research focuses on 73 works exhibited in the 2019, 2021, and 2023 editions of the festival, a period in which oceanic agendas became central to curatorial frameworks. Using qualitative content analysis, key terms were extracted from catalogues, curatorial statements, artists’ notes, work descriptions, critical essays, and news articles, and were iteratively re-categorized to identify recurring modes of practice. The findings suggest four typologies based on the dominant level at which oceanic conditions intervene in meaning-making: (1) Place-based (22 works), (2) Eco-responsive (24 works), (3) Participatory-relational (14 works), and (4) Sensory-experiential (13 works). These categories are not intended as exclusive classifications but as interpretative devices for reading how oceanic environments (tides, erosion, salinity, wind) and oceanic agendas (climate crisis, pollution, resource politics, and nonhuman agency) operate in the configuration and experience of artworks beyond representational approaches. The study proposes a framework for analyzing marine art practices and reconsiders the Sea Art Festival as an experimental platform of contemporary public art under oceanic conditions. Limitations include the study’s temporal scope (2019?2023) and the need for further research on the ecological footprint and operational ethics of large-scale outdoor exhibitions from a lifecycle perspective.

This study critically examines how South Korean media reported and represented the naturalization of former short-track speed skater Lim Hyo-jun (Chinese name: Lin Xiaojun). Once celebrated as a “national hero” after winning a gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, Lim underwent a series of events?including a sexual harassment allegation, acquittal, and eventual naturalization to China?that shifted his media portrayal from “hero” to “fallen star,” “traitor,” and ultimately “Chinese athlete.” Drawing on 492 news articles published between February 1, 2018, and March 31, 2023, this study employs a discourse and narrative analysis rather than quantitative frequency counts, tracing changes in context, tone, and symbolic signifiers across distinct periods. The findings reveal that media narratives initially combined themes of injury recovery and filial piety to construct a “hero” image, which was replaced by a “fallen star” frame after the sexual harassment case. Following his naturalization, coverage increasingly mobilized nationalist sentiment through a “traitor” narrative. Upon his return to competition in South Korea as a Chinese national team member, he was repeatedly represented as an “athlete under the Five-Star Red Flag,” consumed as a symbol of ethnic rivalry regardless of athletic performance. Such narrative shifts illustrate the discursive mechanisms through which an individual’s choice to change nationality is reframed as a matter of national identity and ethnic boundaries. Ultimately, this study demonstrates how sport mediates between globalization and nationalism, revealing how naturalized athletes acquire and circulate specific socio-cultural meanings in media discourse. The findings offer a foundation for reflecting on the cultural-political implications of naturalized athlete narratives in sports media practices and public sports consumption.

This study examines the productive neologism pattern X-piāo (X漂) in contemporary Chinese—such as Běipiāo (北漂), Hùpiāo (沪漂), Róngpiāo (蓉漂), Héngpiāo (横漂), Jǐngpiāo (景漂), Gǎngpiāo (港漂), and Lǎopiāo (老漂)—through an integrated analysis of morphology, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse. The analysis is based on a corpus of 21 representative lexical items drawn from policy documents, media discourse, and public usage. Etymologically, piāo derives from the graphic combination of 氵 (“water”) and 票 (“lightness”), while its related characters—漂, 飄, and 標—encode a semantic continuum linking floating, drifting, and marking. This continuum reveals how physical movement, aesthetic transcendence, and institutional fixation are conceptually related at the level of Chinese characters. Morphologically, -piao functions as an affixoid, forming a productive derivational pattern that combines with place names, professions, generations, and goal-oriented nouns. Semantically, this pattern encodes a dual structure: on the one hand, non-settlement characterized by temporariness, passivity, and instability; on the other hand, orientation marked by purpose, directionality, and goal-driven mobility. Situated within the framework of cultural linguistics, the study demonstrates how traditional settlement norms rooted in agrarian ideology—such as luòyè guīgēn (落葉歸根, “fallen leaves return to their roots”), ānjiā luòhù (安家落戶, “establish a home and household”), and āntǔ zhòngqiān (安土重遷, “value one’s homeland and resist migration”)—are linguistically negotiated with contemporary discourses that valorize mobility, including fèndòu (奮鬥, “struggle”), zhuī mèng (追夢, “pursuing dreams”), and réncái yǐnjìn (人才引進, “talent recruitment”). Empirical analysis shows that Róngpiāo (蓉漂) has been recontextualized as a city-branding label within talent policy discourse, while Héngpiāo (横漂) in Hengdian’s film industry transforms labor precarity into a structured career pathway. Comparative analysis of regional types (Běi/Hù/Shēn/Guǎng) and differentiated subtypes (Bó/Shuò/Běn; Mǎ/Yī/Shī; Chuàng/Qiú/Xué) further reveals that the same morpheme piao develops distinct orientations depending on urban hierarchy, industrial ecology, and institutional conditions. Finally, the cyclical structure piāo → biāo → piāo—from naming to labeling, indexing, institutionalization, and back to escape and re-aestheticization—illustrates that X-piao functions not merely as a marker of instability, but as a linguistic–cultural mechanism mediating between settlement and mobility. The study thus contributes to cultural linguistics by elucidating how language encodes and negotiates structural tensions between stability and movement in contemporary Chinese society.

This study proposes a systematic methodology for evaluating Korean-Chinese translation quality using AI-HUB's ‘Broadcasting Content Korean-Chinese Translation Parallel Corpus Data’. While machine translation technology has advanced significantly, research on Korean-Chinese translation characteristics remains insufficient, particularly for domains featuring extensive colloquial expressions and cultural contexts such as broadcasting content. This research selected 10,000 sentences through stratified sampling from 1.2 million sentences and evaluated translation quality using BLEU, METEOR, and TER metrics. The analysis revealed that translation quality varied significantly by genre and sentence length. Educational programs achieved the highest BLEU score of 0.467, while reality variety shows recorded the lowest at 0.371. Translation quality declined sharply as sentence length increased, from 0.518 for short sentences to 0.287 for long sentences. Error analysis identified colloquial expression mistranslations (32%), demonstrative errors (21%), and literal translations of idioms (18%) as major challenges. The methodology established reproducibility through publicly available resources (AI-HUB data, Naver Papago API, Python/NLTK), while findings suggest that educational content shows higher translation reliability compared to entertainment programs requiring careful post-editing. This study is significant as the first systematic evaluation of Korean-Chinese translation quality in the broadcasting content domain, providing specific directions for improving translation of colloquial expressions and cultural context that are characteristic of Chinese language translation.

This study investigates the characteristics and linguistic implications of Chinese characters marked with “[日]” in Hanseonmun Sinokpyeon (漢鮮文新玉篇), a mixed-script Korean–Chinese dictionary published in 1913. The research aims to clarify how these markings reflect Japan-originated characters and lexical influences that entered late Joseon Korea during the transition to modernity. Through comprehensive textual analysis, forty “[日]”-marked characters were identified and classified into two main types: (1) Japanese-created characters (国字) such as 匁, 匂, 婲, 峠, 腺, 膵; and (2) Chinese characters used to represent native Japanese words (和語表記字) such as 俵, 栓, 鯖, 掟, etc. The results demonstrate that the “[日]” notation served not merely as a pronunciation or semantic aid but as a cultural metatag distinguishing the origin and path of foreign lexical transmission. These characters embody Japan’s adaptation of Chinese script for modern science, administration, and everyday life, and their subsequent introduction into Korea through educational and print media channels. By marking such characters explicitly, the compilers of Hanseonmun Sinokpyeon consciously delineated the boundaries between indigenous and foreign elements within the East Asian logographic sphere. Consequently, the “[日]”-marked entries in Hanseonmun Sinokpyeon are not passive borrowings but evidence of Korea’s selective and critical acceptance of Japanese lexical innovations. They reveal how early twentieth-century Korean lexicographers recognized, categorized, and recorded cultural hybridity in the process of modernization. This study thus situates Hanseonmun Sinokpyeon as a pivotal document in tracing linguistic contact, cultural boundary-making, and the reconfiguration of Han-character identity in modern East Asia.

The Book of Songs (Shijing) functioned as a form of cultural expression that encompassed diverse historical periods and social strata, and it continued to be transmitted and performed even into the time of Confucius. However, after Confucius, the Book of Songs appears to have gradually departed from its original performative nature. In particular, following its canonization during the Han dynasty, interpretive distortions began to emerge, which were later further entrenched by Neo-Confucian scholars of the Tang and Song periods. A representative example of this process can be found in the poem “Guanju” (also known as “Guan Zhi”). Later scholars no longer regarded the Book of Songs as songs in the literal sense. Confucius’ well-known remarks?“‘Guanju’ is joyful but not licentious, sorrowful yet not hurtful” and “At the beginning of Master Zhi’s performance, when ‘Guanju’ was played, the music was expansive and filled the ears”?clearly constitute evaluations of musical performance. However, because later scholars could no longer experience “Guanju” as a performed song, some interpreted Confucius’ comments primarily in terms of textual meaning, while others attempted to understand them as musical criticism. The conflation of these distinct interpretive approaches appears to have generated considerable confusion. Moreover, as the process of canonization progressed, political and pedagogical interpretations were increasingly imposed upon the text, giving rise to sustained debates across subsequent generations. In light of these developments, a renewed clarification of the meaning and proper evaluation of “Guanju” as a poetic work within the Book of Songs is necessary.

The Qing dynasty represents the most active and intellectually diverse period in the Study of Du Fu’s poems(杜詩學), during which interpretation moved beyond aesthetic admiration to encompass historical consciousness, ethical reflection, and the expressive depth of poetic subjectivity. Within this context, three major figures of the Xingling (性靈) school—Yuan Mei(袁枚), Zhao Yi(趙翼), and Jiang Shiquan(蔣士銓)—shared the belief that poetry arises from authentic inner feeling, yet each developed a distinct perspective on Du Fu’s poetic value. Yuan Mei rejected the rigid moralization of Du Fu in earlier orthodox scholarship and emphasized creative spontaneity. He located the essence of Du Fu’s poetics in the principle of zhuan yi duo shi (轉益多師), learning from the multiplicity of lived experience rather than imitating fixed models. For Yuan Mei, Du Fu served not as a normative authority but as an exemplar of emotional openness and artistic autonomy. Zhao Yi, informed by evidential scholarship, interpreted Du Fu’s work as shi shi (詩史), a poetic historiography that transforms personal suffering into collective memory. He valued Du Fu as a poet who engaged directly with historical crisis and articulated it through language of profound ethical resonance. Jiang Shiquan, in contrast, read Du Fu through a Confucian moral framework. He regarded Du Fu as a loyal and responsible subject who maintained ethical integrity amid dynastic turmoil, and sought to revive Du Fu’s spirit within his own poetic practice. Together, these interpretations demonstrate that the reception of Du Fu during the Qing dynasty was not monolithic but multi-layered, continually reconstituting Du Fu’s meaning in response to shifting cultural and intellectual conditions. The history of Du Fu’s reception is therefore not a closed accumulation of interpretations but an ongoing process in which each era constructs its own Du Fu.

This paper reinterprets Yan Lianke’s Dream of Ding Village through an interdisciplinary perspective grounded in institutional economics, focusing on the seal of authority as a key symbol through which institutional trust, legitimacy, and desire are reconfigured. In the novel, the seal initially represents administrative authorization and public credibility, yet it gradually becomes a mechanism that legitimizes private ambition. This transformation exposes how institutional forms can persist even as their ethical foundations and trust relations collapse. Set in the context of China’s rural plasma economy during the 1990s, Dream of Ding Village depicts a system in which state policy and market logic converge to commodify both blood and social trust. Rather than approaching the plasma economy as a contingent policy failure or a moral aberration, this study conceptualizes it as a path-dependent institutional outcome. Formal authority remains intact, while distorted practices accumulate and reinforce an exploitative structure. The novel thus portrays institutional breakdown not as a sudden rupture but as a gradual process shaped by persistence, inertia, and moral erosion. The analysis examines four representative character groups?Li Sanren; Ding Yuejin and Jia Genzhu; Ding Liang and Yang Lingling; and Ding Hui?to trace distinct configurations of desire mediated by the seal of authority. Their trajectories respectively reveal attempts to restore lost authority amid the collapse of institutional trust, the consolidation of power through procedural form in place of substantive legitimacy, the formalization of emotion and intimacy via institutional approval, and the extreme privatization of authority through the monopolization of seals and documents. Although these desires take different forms?authority restoration, control, emotional validation, and accumulation?they converge in their reliance on the seal of authority as a substitute for trust. By analyzing the seal not merely as a literary motif but as a symbol of institutional structure, this paper demonstrates how Dream of Ding Village offers a literary analysis of core concerns in institutional economics, including the collapse of trust, path dependence, and the self-reinforcing persistence of dysfunctional institutions.

This study analyzes how chengzhongcun-like spaces formed through China’s urbanization process are cinematically configured and operate at the level of the senses, focusing on Diao Yinan’s film The Wild Goose Lake (2019). Moving beyond approaches that reduce the urban village to an object of social representation, this article examines how the film organizes a sensory environment through audiovisual devices that regulate human perception, judgment, and ethical orientation. The theoretical framework of this study is sensory realism. Sensory realism does not refer to an aesthetic that seeks to faithfully reproduce reality; rather, it is a methodological perspective for analyzing how cinematic form constructs conditions of perception through light, sound, spatial density, and rhythm, and how these conditions preconfigure characters’ actions and ethical judgments. From this perspective, The Wild Goose Lake is interpreted not as a film that narratively explains the contradictions of urbanization, but as a cinematic practice that renders urban space experientially as an order of the senses. The analysis demonstrates that the fictional space of Yanan Tang in the film does not simply reflect real urban villages, but functions as an environment in which institutional voids and sensory imbalances are reconfigured into audiovisual conditions. Within this space, the organization of the senses regulates characters’ judgments and actions, resulting in an ethical order structured not by moral norms but by calculations of risk and efficiency. Moreover, this sensory organization extends into the rule-based normalization of violence, structurally transforming the conditions of human relations and action in urbanized space. This study contributes to Chinese urban cinema studies by proposing a methodological framework for analyzing urban space at the level of sensation, perception, and ethics, beyond representational paradigms. At the same time, it is limited by its focus on a single film. Future research may expand this analytical framework to other urban peripheral spaces or to contemporary East Asian cinema, thereby further exploring how cinema mediates social reality through sensory configurations.

This study investigates Korean and Chinese consumers’ acceptance of low-context advertising slogans from the perspective of high- and low-context communication theory. Employing empirical analysis and multi-group moderation testing, it examines whether cultural background (South Korea vs. China) significantly moderates the structural paths of acceptance. Based on the UTAUT framework, the research model integrates performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived usefulness to analyze consumers’ behavioral intention and attitude toward low-context advertising slogans. The results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and perceived usefulness significantly enhance behavioral intention, while facilitating conditions exert a significant effect on advertising-language attitude. Multi-group analysis indicates that social influence has a stronger positive effect on behavioral intention among Korean consumers, whereas perceived usefulness demonstrates a significant positive effect among Chinese consumers. Overall, both groups exhibit a high level of acceptance, with social influence and perceived usefulness emerging as key determinants in the technology acceptance process. This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates This study investigates.

With the acceleration of population aging in China, the heterogeneity of older adults and the diversification of their care needs have increased significantly. As family-based care weakens, long-term care services for older adults in elderly care institutions have become an essential means of meeting older adults’ needs. Improving service quality and enhancing residents’ life satisfaction are central to promoting healthy aging. Based on data from 314 older adults in eight private medical?care-integrated institutions in Changchun, Jilin Province, this study employs questionnaire surveys and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the effects of long-term care services for older adults in elderly care institutions on life satisfaction, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of psychological resilience and social support. The results show that overall life satisfaction among older adults is moderately high, and both psychological resilience and social support exhibit positive levels. Long-term care services for older adults in elderly care institutions significantly enhance psychological resilience and social support, which in turn improve life satisfaction. Moreover, psychological resilience and social support partially mediate the relationship between long-term care services for older adults in elderly care institutions and life satisfaction, indicating that care services promote life satisfaction not only through direct effects but also indirectly by strengthening older adults’ adaptability and social connectedness. The study suggests advancing body?mind integrated care, building a collaborative social support system, and providing personalized services to meet diverse needs. These findings clarify the synergistic mechanism among long-term care services for older adults in elderly care institutions, psychological resilience, and social support, offering empirical evidence and policy implications for improving institutional care services and the quality of life of older adults in China.

This study explores the Japanese-language narratives of Kim Moon-jip (1907??), a Korean writer who produced literary works in Japanese during the Japanese colonial period, focusing on his linguistic experimentation and colonial hybridity. By comparing Secret Flower Garden(Bihwawon, 1939) and Onna Z?ri to Boku no Seishun(Women’s Sandals and My Youth, 1958), this research examines the critical dimension of Kim’s literature, which exposes the inner fragmentation and linguistic duality of the colonial intellectual. Although both works were written in Japanese, they develop distinct networks of meaning according to differences in publication period and medium. The newspaper-serialized Secret Flower Garden depicts the violence of wartime journalism and the desperation of survival, revealing the oppressive structure inherent in colonial reality. In contrast, Onna Z?ri to Boku no Seishun, rewritten two decades later in the context of postwar Japan, transforms the same experience of shame and solitude into a reflective, self-critical narrative. Kim’s act of self-repetition is not a mere reproduction but a re-creation of language that establishes an inner critical space where coloniality and decoloniality intersect. While appropriating the imperial language, Kim introduces fractures within its order, thereby creating an “outsider’s language” from within Japanese itself. Grammatically, his prose conforms to the imperial tongue, yet emotionally it carries the rhythm and sensibility of Korea?a boundary language in which colonial anxiety and resistance coexist. Ultimately, Kim Moon-jip’s Japanese narratives can be understood as a “bilingual experiment in criticism,” through which the imperial language becomes a medium of self-reflexive thought. By transforming the language of colonial shame into one of irony and laughter, Kim demonstrates that language itself can serve as a site of critique.

This work is a short story that belongs to the so-called historical work of Ryunosuke Akutagawa, which was published in “Sin syousetu” in January of Taisho 7. Akutagawa wrote many works covering history, but most of his historical works did not follow historical facts, but simply based on historical facts and wrote themes.In other words, history was just a way to make use of his theme. For Akutagawa, history was used as a tool for “avoidance of unnatural obstacles” in novels. However, in this work, through Saigo Takamori, his own ideas on the history of the author Akutagawa itself are written. The story is about Honma, who met an old gentleman on the train on his way back to Kyoto for his graduation thesis, and it is a dispute over the Western-South War. The old gentleman said that there were many misrepresentations in the Western-South War, and among them, the biggest misrepresentation was the death of Saigo Takamori in the Battle of Siroyama. On the other hand, as a student studying history, Honma thought that Saigo Takamori's theory of survival was beyond consideration by using “all accurate historical materials.” An old gentleman expressed skepticism about history, saying, “There is no such thing as accurate historical material as it is enough to make a historical judgment.” Honma says that historical materials are reliable, but old gentlemen have many misrepresentations and many are unreliable.He said that history is written mainly on the side of winners or powerful people in history, so it is more likely that it will be written according to their convenience than the facts, so there are many “misrepresentations.” Akutagawa calls attention to the problems of historical distortion and historical window dressing, citing the fact that Saigo Takamori is unreliable and the inaccurate historical materials that inevitably arise from it.

This study uses a Transpacific transnationalism lens to explain how baseball?introduced initially to Brazil by U.S. expatriates?took root through Japanese migration. Existing literature separated American diffusion, Nikkei community history, and global sport business; combining mega-region and transnationalism theory, this study proposes the Transpacific Transnational Social Field to integrate these strands. Japanese immigrants transformed weekend colonia play into organized clubs (Mikado, Alianca), regional leagues, and the 1936 All-Brazil Tournament; after wartime rupture, the 1958 immigration semicentennial ballpark, Japanese corporate sponsorship, and the 1990 founding of the CBBS scaled the game nationally and globally, enabling milestones such as WBC participation. These circulations moved not only players but equipment supply chains, coaching philosophies, and ritual forms that tethered local identity to wider Pacific imaginaries. In doing so, the study extends Brazilian sport historiography beyond soccer and shows how migrant leisure practices can crystallize into durable civic and institutional infrastructure. The continued prevalence of Japanese surnames alongside rising non-Nikkei participation signals a shift from an ethnic enclave sport toward a multicultural Brazilian baseball culture; the sport’s growth closely tracks Nikkei migration and settlement. Limitations include reliance on secondary sources, insufficient Japanese- and Portuguese-language primary and oral history materials, incomplete longitudinal statistics, and the absence of comparative Transpacific sport cases, all of which constrain generalization. Future research should broaden multilingual archival and oral history work, assemble standardized time-series datasets, and pursue comparative studies to test and refine the Transpacific Transnational Social Field model. Policy-focused studies linking school physical education, municipal facility development, and diaspora partnerships could evaluate how such transnational infrastructures foster broader intercultural inclusion.