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This paper compares the aspects of reproducing women’s body through the narrative of tuberculosis found in Kang Kyung-ae’s 『Human Problems』 and Zhang Ailing’s ｢Flowers Wither｣. Through the comparison, this study has gained the findings as follows. First, the two novels both describe the process from the onset of tuberculosis to death plausibly, and their death was particularly attributed to the poor environment for survival. Second, the second reason of their death is that they failed to be the subject of their feelings and just readily complied with the external hierarchy represented as male power. While they remained silent in the face of violence and contradictions in reality either large or small, their body existed indicating various signs as part of the world. Third, while Kang Kyung-ae actively intervenes with the consciousness revolution believing that women can be liberated through the class struggle, Zhang Ailing reveals her skepticism about humanity with cold-hearted contemplation. Kang Kyung-ae, a daughter of a tenant farmer, suffered from poverty from her childhood, and her experience of poverty set the backdrop for creating a female character like Seonbi from the lower class. On the other hand, Zhang Ailing had a grandfather who was a noted subject in the late Qing Dynasty. Because of her origin, she created a ruined aristocratic woman in her novel. Even though they are from different origins, they both fail to escape from the patriarchy and reach death venting their suppressed feelings as some kind of painful disease on their body. The tragic ending of their lives has no difference. In some ways, a woman of noble birth lives more desperately for not being able to be freed from even the fence of the family, and at this point, Zhang Ailing’ cynical gaze gets born. In the era of replacement between the old and the new, many female intellects in Korea and China insisted on women’s consciousness and declared to be new-generation women; however, in reality, women’s liberation or gender equality was nothing more than empty discourse. Penetrating through the very reality, Kang Kyung-ae and Zhang Ailing’s novels reproduce the language of a woman's body into the literary field of tuberculosis narrative.

China's health preserving culture has a long history. In China, health preserving started to become popular as related books were widely distributed from the intellectual class to the common people due to the development of printing technology after the Song Dynasty. Before the Ming Dynasty, the contents related to health preserving were mainly recorded in medical and religious books. With the rapid development of the commodity economy, people are starting to realize the importance of health while enjoying a prosperous life. And people became more and more interested in the way of health to live longer. From then on, health preserving was no longer a matter of Taoist priest or medical practitioners, but became a field of interest to everyone from the ruling class to the common people. Therefore, the late Ming dynasty can be said to be the period of development of health preserving culture. The main characteristics of health preserving culture during this period are as follows. The First, the scope of authors and contents of books related to health preserving has been expanded. The Second, in the late Ming Dynasty, books related to health preserving were actively published mainly in bookstores, and health preserving culture was commercialized and secularized. The Third, as the specific lives and hobbies of writers became the subject of the health preserving culture, the health preserving culture in the late Ming Dynasty showed a tendency to become a literati. In the late Ming Dynasty, many health preserving books were published for commercial purposes, and health preserving theory and cures became knowledge and information readily available to the public. “Zun sheng Ba jian” and “Xian Qing Ou Ji” are masterpiece of health preservation in the late Ming Dynasty. These book provides a lot of Practical and practical health principles and specific health methods in daily life.

Why are Russians so obsessed with Akunin's mystery novels? The purpose of this thesis is to analyze <Azazel>, the first and representative work of Akunin's Pandorin mystery series, from the perspective of the main character's figure, plot, and genre. I compared Sherlock Holmes with Pandorin from the point of view of ‘the type of detective’, and I reviewed various anti-detective personalities that are different from the classic mystery novels. Azazel, for example, does not deal with murder cases committed by a single individual, which is very unusual in traditional mystery novels. Azazel, the novel's title, is the name of the culprit of this novel. What is the identity of Azazel? It is close to a group or organization. If we keep in mind the fact that Akunin is a writer who has a voice critical of the current undemocratic and authoritarian Russian system, Azazel can be seen as a symbol of totalitarian socialism that the writer is trying to criticize. However, the important thing is not whether Azazel is a Jewish religious organization or a political group trying to realize a particular ideology. It means that any of those belong to a group or an organization, not just a private individual at least. Therefore, the greed of the individual, which is conventional in many classic mystery novels, was not the motive for the murder in 『Azazel』, but the great enlightenment ideology of the salvation of mankind. Also, in this paper, it is reviewed that the Russian mystery novel 『Azazel』 is rather closer to the tradition of the French mystery novel than the Anglo-Saxon novel. As discussed the above, the genre characteristics of Azazel should be analyzed closer to a crime novel rather than a detective novel. Lastly, the postmodern nature of this novel is briefly discussed.

In recent years, it has been easy to see foreign students at Korean universities. In particular, it is emerging as a top priority for some students to study abroad because it is geographically close to China for Chinese students in Korea and the cost of studying abroad is relatively lower than that of English-speaking countries. Against this background, there is a need for research on academic stress and career decision-making of international students. This study was attempted to understand the moderating effect of social support in the relationship between academic stress and career decision-making of international students. As a result of the study, the following results were derived. First, study stress (=0.192, P=.022), test stress (=0.388, P=.000), class stress (=0.318, P=.All 000) were found to have a positive (+) effect on career decision-making. Second, looking at the verification results of hypotheses 2-1, 2-2, and 2-3, the significance probabilities of three stages of the regression model are all p<.Although it was found to be 05, it can be seen that academic stress has a moderating effect of family support in the relationship of career decision-making. Third, looking at the verification results of hypotheses 2-5 and 2-6, the significance probabilities of step 3 of the regression model are all p<.Although it was found to be 0.5, it can be seen that test stress and class stress have a moderating effect of family support in the relationship of career decision-making. At the same time, it can be confirmed that friend support has no moderating effect in the relationship between study stress and career decision-making. The moderating effect of friend support was significantly weaker than that of family support, and it was confirmed that there was no moderating effect in learning stress and career decision-making.

At the end of the 19th century, about 20 missionaries from the United States, Canada and Australia, conducted missionary work in Seoul. In 1889, Joseph Henry Davies, Korea's first Australian missionary, had a grand dream of Korean missionary work, but died in less than six months after arrival. Joseph Henry Davies' martyrdom in Korea resonated with Australian Victorians about Korean missionary work. In August 1890, the Presbyterian Church of Australia was established. Under the motto of “Mission work of women for women”, the association decided to send the single female missionaries. This is one of the hallmarks of the Australian Missionary Department. The first selected female mission teachers were Belle Menzies·M, Fawcett and J. Perry. They landed in Busan on October 12, 1891, with Reverend Mackay and his wife. The first charity for Australian missionaries is Myoora Orphanage, and they established Busan Jin Ilshin Wowen's School, the first modern women's education institution in Busan, as the number of orphans increased. At that time, Korea was a patriarchal society, and women who were alienated from education took it for granted. However, founder Menzies argued that wives and mothers must be educated in order for developing the nation, and opened a women's education hall to inspire national consciousness and salvation consciousness by enlightening Korean women. Margaret Davis, who became the principal of Ilshin Girls' School in 1914 and watched the end of the school in 1940, was the nephew of Henry Davis, the first Australian missionary in Korea. Margaret's Korean name “Daemagarye” means that she will replace her uncle Henry Davis' spirit of martyrdom in Korea. When Margaret returned to Australia in 1916 to promote the establishment of Ilshin Girls' Middle School in Busan, she visited the Australian Women's Mission Association and appealed enthusiastically to establish Busan Girls' Middle School. The result was the anti-Japanese demonstrations in the 3.11 demonstration of students at Ilshin Girls' School and Dongrae Ilshin Wowen's School. Students who received new education from Australian missionaries were able to express their beliefs and arguments strongly, and their action was completely different from the female image of Korean traditional society. Australian missionaries, who devoted their entire lives to enlightening Korean women's consciousness, were deported to Australia following the decision to close the school following Japan's refusal to force Shrine Greetings. And the first modern women's education institution in Busan disappeared into history.

This study confirms the ‘Dongrae Women's Vocational School’(東萊女子實數學校), which was an educational institution for women's vocational education in Busan during the modern period. We also check how Australian female missionaries were involved. Dongnae Women's Vocational School(東萊女子實數學校) was established in the Dongnae area as a successor to the vocational class operated by Tongyeong Jinmyung Girls' School. This school was established for the survival and independence of women and girls who suffered during the Japanese colonial period. This school was opened in the surrounding area where Australian missionaries were active. Education at the school was divided into morning and afternoon classes, and basic elementary knowledge education and vocational training were provided in parallel. The practical education included subjects such as sewing, handicrafts, weaving, and subjects related to the agricultural and livestock industry such as horticulture, flower cultivation, fruit and vegetable cultivation, and livestock, and Korean cuisine. The Dongrae Women's Vocational School(東萊女子實數學校) was changed to a charity organization after the Japanese forced them to visit the shrine and the missionaries resisted it. However, the basic policy of women's unemployment education has not changed. This school was handed over to the Korean Young Women's Christian Association after the Korean War, and under the name of Dongrae Nongyewon, it contributed to women's vocational education. Dongrae Nongyewon was changed to a space for education, lectures, seminars, and gatherings for women after the agreement of the YWCA Federation Executive Committee on July 3, 1965.

by a study on ‘Wang Seong Guk(王城國)’ and ‘old Castle of Tong-Rae(東萊 古邑城)’ in King Seong-Deok’s(聖德王) Era of Silla, we can conclude that King Seong-Deok responded the japanese diplomatic challenges. in those days, the japanese government claimed that japan was the emperor state. also the japanese government claimed that silla king should be subject to japanese emperor. in order to respond to such a japanese claim, King Seong-Deok claimed that Silla was a ‘Wang Seong Guk’. ‘Wang Seong Guk’ meaned that King of Silla was the son of heaven. this claim of King Seong-Deok(聖德王) implied that Silla was a true emperor state but japan was a false emperor state. so japanese government banished silla delegation. in tis point, Wang Seong Guk of King Seong-Deok and emperor state of japanese government implied thet silla and japan started national and systemic competition. in order to accord to Wang Seong Guk system, King Seong-Deok constructed kwanmun- sung also old Castle of Tong-Rae in 722. old Castle of Tong-Rae was constructed as stone and earth castle. stone castle. was constructed for military defence. but earth castle was constructed for defence was constructed for diplomatic ceremony. old Castle of Tong-Rae in 722 was not the first old Castle of Tong-Rae. old Castle of Tong-Rae in 722 have reorganized the old Castle of Tong-Rae in 683. also the old Castle of Tong-Rae in 683 might be constructed about 562. but if the bae-san-sung(盃山城.) was constructed as ruling Castle about 562,, the old Castle of Tong-Rae might be constructed first in 683. so, we should conclude on the fact that the bae-san-sung was constructed as ruling Castle about 562 or not. in order to conclude that, we should study on historical materials and archeological materials also.

This study compares the List of Prohibited Publications issued by the Government-General of Korea and issued by the Japanese Ministry of Internal. These lists are censorship records containing books banned because of “the corruption of public morals.” Although many previous studies have analyzed Japanese colonial era censorship, few attempts have been made to compare and contrast the details of the censorship records of Joseon and Japan. This paper tries to compare the censorship records of Joseon and Japan and to identify cases in which books published in Japan and exported to Joseon were not prohibited from publishing in their own country but were disposed of in Joseon. Through this, we can recognize differences in the degree of censorship for the same publications, even though the standards and systems of censorship of the Empire and the colonies were similar. This study focuses on books that were prohibited because of “the corruption of public morals,” and then it can be seen that such censorship led to a decisive difference in the dissemination and reproduction of sexology in Joseon and Japan. As a result of comparing the two lists, it is identified that up to 110 of the 361 Japanese books of “the corruption of public morals” in the List of Prohibited Publications issued by the Government-General of Korea were banned from being released only in Joseon. This proves that the colonial censorship authorities tried to control even books licensed for publication and distribution in Japan with stricter standards than in Japan to prevent their influx into Joseon. Many of the Japanese books of “the corruption of public morals” were published amid an explosive increase in sexological books as a result of the boom in interest in sexology during the entire Taisho period and the early Showa period. The translation of sexological books and the subsequent publication of Japanese manuals made it possible for Japanese researchers to conduct original research by themselves, going beyond the introduction of new Western knowledge. In contrast, there is only one Korean book that is presumed to be a book about sexuality in the List of Prohibited Publications issued by Government-General of Korea. And newspaper articles that give us a glimpse of the reality of sexological studies in Joseon, thus it shows that even though Joseon’s intellectuals, like in the case of Japan, were stimulated by sexology, but they were unable to conduct original research due to the lack of a driving force that allowed them to develop it.

South Korea's efforts to internationalize education began more than 20 years ago. It aims to attract international students from all over the world, discover outstanding overseas talents, and cultivate talents to resist US aggression and aid Korea. Recently, however, there has been a shortage of domestic students due to a shrinking domestic working-age population, and foreign students have filled the country. Universities located in rural areas, in particular, are highly competitive, even risking their lives to attract international students and try to tap foreign educational users. Every university in Korea needs to deviate from the existing approach and seek a differentiated strategy for each university. This study is the result of a survey of 273 people (47.6% of the total number of international students) to understand the satisfaction of Chinese international students studying at their alma mater as of the 2020-2021 school year with their alma mater's educational needs. Through a comparative study using the same questionnaire for more than two years, this study was able to obtain the results of Chinese students' satisfaction improvement efforts in the past year. The types of school facilities and departments Chinese international students think of, the quality of educational services, the reliability of school life, the ability to assess responsiveness to university reform efforts, and measure confidence in school pride and attachment. The empathy element that corresponds to the university's communication efforts. This study is an exploratory study conducted to help Chinese international students study abord in Korea more easily. Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that related reserch will be continuously conducted in the future to help the formulation of university policies.

Model Opera is a literary and artistic play designed under the control of the Chinese Communist Party and was created for the purpose of promoting and educating the people of the Communist Party's political ideas. <Hai Gang> is the only Model Opera that was popular during the Cultural Revolution, set in the 1960s rather than the war period, and deals with events that take place in the process of transporting aid materials by Shanghai Port workers. <Hai Gang> was adapted by the party, including the planning of the play, the name of the character, the development of the event, and the song, and was completed after obtaining the final approval of the leadership. <Hai Gang> can be said to be a propaganda play that contains the Communist Party's foreign aid policy and political direction during the Cultural Revolution, and a cultural product that reflects the specificity of the time. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the characteristics of Model Opera and China's foreign aid policy in the 1960s and 1970s. Chapter 2 introduced the process and content of <Hai Gang> adapted from the original to Model Opera While the original work emphasized class struggle while highlighting the daily lives of workers in the Shanghai port unloading zone, Model Opera <Hai Gang> was adapted to emphasize the ‘proletarian internationalism’ according to foreign aid on the basis of the original work. Chapter 3 analyzed the characteristics of China's foreign aid policy based on the content analysis of Hai Gang. <Hai Gang> successfully depicts the image of China as a donor country by completing the “proletarian internationalism” by shipping foreign aid supplies safely to Africa against the bourgeois conspiracy.

In the wake of the intensifying Sino-Japanese rivalry in Asia, a new third-party market cooperation (TPMC) framework between the two countries emerged in late 2018. TPMC has been considered as a landmark event that signifies the resilience of the Sino-Japanese relation. It was initially proposed by China side, and it aims to facilitate business and industrial cooperation in developing countries between China and Japan. The new mechanism was inaugurated around the time of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe’s visit to Beijing, signifying the resilience of Sino-Japanese relations. Despite of prevailing optimism among scholars in China and Japan, this paper raises skepticism towards the TPMC, as it remains at a concept stage and has not achieved tangible cooperation outcomes. Furthermore, this article presents a two-level analysis on the obstacles and challenges ahead. First, there appears to a asymmetry between the two governments in a way that Japan’s policy passiveness starkly contrasts with China’s proactive leadership taking. Second, this paper also sees the contradiction of business management models between the two countries’ enterprises. Chinese state-owned enterprises are abundant in capital, and can accommodate the demands of local governments in the third-party countries better than Japanese counterparts do. In contrast, Japanese enterprises are far more cautious and calculative in oversea investments, and are particularly careful in assessing the risks of infrastructure investments. For these two reasons, the bilateral agreements on the facilitation of TPMC in 2018 has not been materialized in the implementation stage. This study also endeavors to propose several policy recommendations for the future prospect of the TPMC.

This paper aims to analyze the phenomenon that there are recently signs of deregulation on Big Tech in 2022. This paper accepts the above hypothetical argument. In other words, it is difficult to see the current deregulation of China as the end of regulation on Big Tech, and it should be said that it has changed to “systemic regulation.” This paper notes that there are various regulatory-related institutions. Among them, the Cyberspace Administration of China(CAC) and the State Administration for Market Regulation(SAMR) of the China Communist Party are regarded as regulatory agencies, and the Cyberspace Administration of China is described in detail as regulatory-oriented. It is also emphasized that there are pro-growth groups. The Financial Stability and Development Committee(FSDC) of the State Council is classified as a representative pro-growth group and detailed. The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences is also theoretically supporting pro-growth groups by publishing a research report that Big Tech contributes to common wealth. Civilian theoretical support for the pro-growth faction also exist. For example, Professor Huang Yi-ping, who served as a member of the People's Bank of China, criticizes “strong regulation,” pointing out the problems of regulation so far and pointed out the need for unified governance. The side effects of high-intensity regulations are expected to mark a decisive turning point in the interministerial meeting mechanism focused on the country’s digital economy system formed by the State Council. The interministerial meeting is expected to seek the role of unified governance while coordinating differences between various regulatory agencies of the party and the government.

Rising China has generated a power shift in East Asia. This study analyzes the strategic game between the US and China generated by China’s four-decade continuous rise. This article attempts to analyze the core and main characteristics of the Xi Jin-Ping government’s new foreign policy, focusing on the US-China strategic competition. First, I will examine in detail what changes and characteristics exist in foreign policy along with Xi Jin-Ping’s power. Next, I will discuss in depth what the policy implications of the “strategic competition”, which is the policy toward China, which is the most important US foreign policy, will be discussed in detail, and additionally, strategic cooperation will also be addressed. In addition, I will examine how China’s perception of the Biden administration’s policy toward China and its countermeasure strategy is emerging based on the recent Chinese policy. The Biden administration has vowed to adopt an approach to foreign policy that differs strategically and tactically from the previous Trump administration by placing democratic values, global engagement and coordination with allies and partners at the center of U.S. foreign policy, rolling back four years of an “America First” policy that privileged a transactional approach to diplomacy, and undercut the United States’ alliance relationships and its influence in international bodies. Despite the entrance of a new U.S. administration with a fresh vision, however, much of the global and regional strategic contexts remain largely unchanged from the previous administration, with U.S.-China competition looming large and likely to drive many aspects of U.S. foreign policy for the foreseeable future.

This paper targets to identify Korean equivalents of Japanese passives, focusing on 250 examples of -jida (meaning becoming) type translation. 250 examples of ラレル type equivalents are classified into 9 categories, with the ratio of 25(19.8%), 22(17.7%), respectively, for -jida type equivalents, and the share is found not to be significantly big. Further focusing on Korean translations of -e type and -jida type, subjects and agents of ST, or Source Text, sentences are divided into animate/inanimate, respectively, to analyze specific conditions or linguistic contexts for different combination. The analysis shows that -e type translation is possible regardless of subject classification and -jida type tends to be possible mostly for sentences with inanimate subjects and the relevant verbs do not have -e type verb inflection. Through these analyses, it can be concluded that -jida passives correspond to ラレル type as a support for -e type in sentences with inanimate subjects. The analysis continues concentrating on -jida type-only equivalents. Targeting to identify the influence the agent has on the object, the subjects and the agents are divided into animate/inanimate, with the agents further sub-classified. In inanimate-subject sentences, agents are the following: a. a majority of people or groups of people b. general people c. person or natural phenomena with no need for identifying, for (-/+) sentences. Natural phenomena and causes for (-/-) sentences, implying lack of activity on the part of the subject, unconscious of the agent. Further, in animate-subject sentences, the agents are a. general people and b. animate agent with no concrete action implied for (+/+) sentences, and causes for (-/-) sentences. In consideration of features of animate-subject sentences, the sentences share certain characteristics with inanimate-subject sentences; the agents do not show any direct or concrete action in the realization of the event. -jida translations produce expressions in combination with emotive adjectives, which can be still carried into passives. Sentences denoting the subject’s voluntary psychological change can have translation equivalents of -jida, and it’s because -jida type expresses psychological change of the animate subject.

With the establishment of the Japanese navy in 1872, Japan's maritime defense was established in Yokosuka, Hiroshima, Maizuru, Kyoto, and Sasebo, Nagasaki, respectively. As confirmed in this paper, the arrival of the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Enterprise into the Sasebo Port in 1968 developed into a commotion different from that of nuclear-powered submarines, which had occurred several times before. It can be seen that this is not a problem that can be viewed only as a matter of fact. Sasebo has long served as both a military port and a coal mining area, but in the era of energy transition, coal mine closures have occurred one after another. In the case of agriculture and forestry, which played an auxiliary role, only the aspect of a naval port city began to be highlighted due to the flood. Of course, there were positive views on the entry of the Enterprise because it was the economic merit of the military port due to the consumption of the US military, but in the background, the reality of bars targeting foreigners was revealed to the world. In addition, the first-generation former carrier of the Enterprise, which entered port in 1968, destroyed the Japanese forces in the Pacific War. The name of a ship with the same name as the aircraft carrier that carried out the Kyushu air raid would have made entry into the port even more unacceptable for Japanese people and especially Sasebo residents. As such, the protests of citizens that arose from the entry problem of the US aircraft carrier Enterprise on January 19, 1968, should be seen that The cause of the resistance of citizens should be seen as a complicated problem of the local economy, which had no choice but to rely on military ports, the political and social situation and reality entangled with the US Vietnam War and the name Enterprise is derived from a complicated problem.

Chinese Culture Circle is the world with Chinese characteries as media and has the same value system. Chinese culture circle of East Asia refers to the countries and of east Asia such as China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam and so on, This paper mainly focus on and conduct analysis and research on China, South Korea, and Japan, three representative countries in the East Asian Chinese character circle. It is committed to combining the experience advantages of the cultural industries of these three countries to propose a Chinese character cultural industry. The targeted countermeasures will make a contribution to promoting the development of the Chinese character culture industry in practice in the vast number of countries in the East Asian cultural circle. Although China, South Korea, and Japan in the East Asian cultural circle are all belong to the field of Chinese character culture and have many similarities in culture, there are great differences in the way of using Chinese characters. Therefore, for the development of the Chinese character culture industry, countries in the Chinese character culture circle should make efforts in four aspects. In view of the above policies, efforts should be made for the revitalization and development of the Chinese character culture industry according to the actual situation of each country. Humans have language, and language is the most basic information. Since modern times, some Chinese scholars have followed Saussure's erroneous theory. It is hoped that from now on, China and all countries in the East Asian Chinese character culture circle can fundamentally continue to establish and further strengthen the character confidence and even cultural confidence in our East Asian script circle. Lu Jianming believes that global integration makes language an intangible resource that plays an increasingly important role in national economy and security.