Earticle

This report considers characteristics and mutual effects of nine translated versions of 『英吉利単語篇』. The result is as follows, 1. The first collection of translation book, 『英仏単語編注解』, has a high possibility of not only referring to 『英和対訳袖珍辞書』, but also independently translated the book by comparing with study materials. 2. 『対訳名物図編』and『英仏単語編注解』, which were published almost at the same time, have a lot of disagreements with translations. 3. The collection of translated words published after 『対訳名物図編』and『英仏単語編注解』was confirmed that its translations were made based on these two. 4. In contrast to 『英仏単語編注解』, 『対訳名物図編』has a tendency to translate words in Japanese instead of just writing them with Katakana. 5. 『英吉利単語編増訳』, which is presumed to be related to 『英仏単語編注解』, has done things such as, translating a loanword in Japanese, omitting how to read a word and annotation, and retranslating independently. These have been identified so far.

本稿は『英吉利単語篇』の訳語集の内、9種類についてその特徴及び影響関係を考察してみたものである。その結果は次のとおりである。 ①最初の訳語集『英仏単語編注解』は、最初の対訳辞書『英和対訳袖珍辞書』のみでなく他の学習書も参照にして独自に訳した可能性が高くみられた。 ②『英仏単語編注解』と、ほぼ同じ時期に刊行された『対訳名物図編』との間には訳語に違いが多く見られた。 ③『英仏単語編注解』と『対訳名物図編』以降に刊行される訳語集は、この二つの系統を継ぐものであることが判明された。 ④『対訳名物図編』には、『英仏単語編注解』系統と違って外来語を片仮名表記するより日本語に訳しようとした傾向が見られる。 ⑤『英仏単語編注解』系統と見られる『英吉利単語編増訳』には、外来語を日本語訳にしたり、振り仮名を省略したり、注釈を省略したり、独自に改訳した所が多数ある。　以上のことが明らかになった。

복합동사는 본동사 단독으로는 표현하기 어려운 심오한 의미와 문화적 내용 및 고도의 문법적 특성까지 가지고 있기 때문에 외국인 일본어학습자로서는 매우 어려운 분야이다. 그러나 매스컴, 광고, 문학작품, 스포츠 등에서 복합동사가 빈번하게 사용되고 있으므로 원활한 커뮤니케이션을 위해서는 복합동사의 학습이 필수적이다. 따라서 경어나 수동형처럼 복합동사도 별도의 문법항목에 넣어서 지도할 필요가 있다. 일러스트를 일본어교육에 활용하는 방안은 아직 기초단계이지만, 복합동사에 일러스트를 활용하면 그 의미가 시각적으로 바로 와 닿는다는 이점이 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 복합동사의 학습에 일러스트를 활용하는 방안을 제시해보았다. 복합동사의 의미적 특징을 살린 일러스트를 제작하여 일본어교육에 활용한다면 새로운 교수법의 일환으로 자리매김할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

The compound verb has profound meanings and particular grammatical characteristics in Japanese language. It is challenging for the foreign Japanese second language learners to understand the appropriate meanings of compound verbs in the context. Compound verbs are frequently used in many Japanese learning materials such as mass media, advertisement, literature, and sports. Therefore, it is necessary for the Japanese as a foreign language learners to acquire how to use compound verbs for the communication. Teachers of Japanese language need to consider how to teach compound verbs effectively, since these verbs are required to be in a separate category of grammar, direction for the polite and grammatical voice. This study is to suggest methods of applying illustration for teaching Japanese compound verbs. Japanese language education enables to take advantage of illustration as an efficient visual tool for teaching and learning compound verbs, although the use of illustration is still in the beginning stage.

This study aims to suggest directions of Chinese character education for advanced-level Japanese learners in the future by analysing misspelled Chinese characters which appeared in essays written by 63 Japanese learners belonging to Japanese-related majors of D university, who passed JLPT N1(Level 1 as an old version of JLPT), between 2009 and the first semester of 2012. In line with the analysis results, directions on Chinese character education are as follows: ① Have learners memorize Chinese characters by dismantling their images and parts, and teach them meanings of individual Chinese characters. ② When teaching Chinese characters, make sure that learners understand left parts of them ③ Direct learners to memorize accurate pronunciation of each word first, and then make them aware of whether there is a sonant within the pronunciation ④ Despite the fact that both Korea and Japan use the same Chinese characters, make learners aware of that an identical word can be used in different meanings if the word is used in different meanings and usages in learning materials(this direction is only applied for Japanese educators able to speak Korean). 　

本研究はD大学の日本語関連科に所属している学生のうち日本語能力試験の旧1級もしくはN1に合格している2009年から2012年の前期までに日本語学習者63名に対し書かせた自由作文の中に現れた漢字の書き間違いを分析し、これからの日本語上級者に対する漢字教育の方向性を示そうとした研究である。分析結果から得られた漢字指導の方向性は次の通りである。 ①漢字を全体のイメージと各部品の字形を分解して覚え、各漢字の持っている意味を指導する。②漢字指導の際は特に左側の部品に対する認識をしっかりさせる。③一つの単語の正確な発音をまず覚えさせ、その漢字の濁音の有無をしっかりと認識させる。④日本語指導者が韓国語の既習者の場合は両国で全く同じ漢字を使っているのに意味や使い方が違っている単語が教材に出てきたらそのたびに両単語は同じ意味ではないということを認識させる。

Here we analyze and consider concretely what skills learners in a business Japanese course at a Korean university acquire by practicing interviews for CEOs of overseas Japanese companies in a business Japanese class. Methods depend on qualitative analysis of some of the content of surveys and interviews completed by the learners. The results show that learners did not always utilize what they practiced in the classrooms sufficiently during actual interviews. Through the interview, however, learners discovered individual weak points and recognized them as opportunities for further growth and improvement of language skills. Furthermore, in the process of self-analysis survey and interview results also indicate that learners engaged in self-contemplation and un expected occurrences increased their efforts to cooperate in teams in order to resolve further challenges in communicating during interviews. It is not too much to say that the learning by experience in the medium of contact with CEOs relates directly to learners’ intense sense of accomplishment and motivation.

本稿は、韓国の大学のビジネス日本語の授業で実施された、大手企業日本人韓国支社長や企業幹部職への訪問インタビューという｢体験学習｣を通して、韓国人学習者が何を学んだのかを具体的に分析・考察したものである。手法はアンケート調査結果を含め、学習者へのインタビュー内容を素材にした、少数事例に基づく質的分析による解明を試みた。その結果，教室内体験で得た知識や練習の中には、実際の場面で充分に活かされなかったものがあり、その要因を学習者が企業人との直接対話の中で見出し今後の自分の課題として認識できたことがわかった。また分析の過程で、学習者の自己内省のプロセスに埋もれていた想定外の事象が見出され、それを解明することで体験学習における協働作業の効果や学習者に気付きを促す要因が明白となった。学習者の達成感や向上心に繋がる体験とは、企業人との接触を媒体とした学習者自身の学びが集約されたものであったと言える。

본 연구는 일본인 한국어 학습자의 보다 효과적인 한자어휘 학습 방안 모색을 목적으로, 한일 한자어가 가지고 있는 "음성적 대응관계"와 "조어 능력"을 이용한 교육 방안에 대해 일본인 학생 10명을 대상으로 한 실험을 통해 검토하였다. 실험은 필자가 설계한 한자음 음성 대응관계에 관한 수업을 듣는 실험집단과 그렇지 않은 대조집단 가각의 어휘 시험 결과를 분석함으로써 진행하였다. 실험에서 진행한 수업은 일본인을 위한 한국어 한자 어휘 교육 방안을 제시한 두 가지 선행 연구를 바탕으로 설계하였다. 수업은 일주일에 1번, 총 4번 실시하고, 매번 수업 전에 어휘 시험을 실시하며, 그 점수 추이를 관찰하였다. 실험의 결과, 한일 한자음 음성대응관계에 관한 수업을 실시한 실험집단이 그렇지 않은 대조집단보다 어휘 시험에서 더 높은 점수를 받았으며, 또한 학습자가 모르는 어휘에 대해서도 보다 적극적으로 추측전략을 사용하려고 하는 긍정적인 태도를 보임으로써 학습효과 및 학습 전략 전반에 걸쳐서 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aims to explore an applicability of both ‘sound correspondences’ and ‘word-formation ability’ of hanja-eo (Sino-vocabulary stock) in Korean and Japanese languages for a development of an efficient pedagogical method to enhance Sino-Korean vocabulary learning by Japanese native speakers. Subjects are divided into experimental and control groups according to gender and proficiency levels of their Korean language in order to test an efficiency of pedagogical method proposed. For experimental purposes, first, sound correspondence table of Ito (2007) is borrowed to be utilized in the selection of words for the course material; second, the course material compiled with selected words is taught to experimental group; third, a series of identical vocabulary tests are administered to both groups to check any performance gap between them. The results has supported the claim that the pedagogic method accommodating ‘sound-correspondence’ and ‘word-formation ability’ of Sino-Korean vocabulary stock would eventually help and expedite acquisition of these vocabulary items by enhancing Japanese native speakers’ logical conjecturing of the meaning and structure of them at significant level.

『다운타운(下町)』에서 전쟁으로 파괴된 여성의 결혼생활과 자립에 대해 살펴보았다. 여 주인공 리요(りよ:30세)는 6년 전 출정(出征)한 남편이 전쟁이 끝났는데도 돌아오지 않자, 살기위해 아들 류키치(留吉:8세)를 데리고 도쿄로 와서 행상을 시작한다. 이때 추위에 떠는 리요를 감싸주며 위로해준 사람은 시베리아 전장(戰場)에서 돌아왔을 때 부인이 다른 남자와 결혼해버려 혼자서 살아가고 있는 쓰루이시 요시오(鶴石芳雄:29세)이다. 쓰루이시는 리요의 곤란한 사정을 알고 류키치와 함께 아사쿠사 구경을 시켜주기로 한다. 그러나 돌아 올 때 쯤 비가 너무 많이 와 여관에 머물게 된다. 이때 두 사람은 연인 관계로 발전하게 된다. 이와 같은 리요와 쓰루이시의 만남을 통해, 전쟁터에 나간 복원병이 돌아오면 자신의 부인은 다른 남자와 생활하고 있고, 그 복원병은 다시 홀로 남겨진 남의 부인을 취하는 악순환의 결혼생활이 그려져 있다. 특히, 이렇게 파괴되어 버리는 결혼생활에서 힘들어 하는 여성의 고통에 중점을 두고 있다. 또한, 후미코는 리요에게 경제적 지원을 약속한 쓰루이시를 이틀 만에 돌연사(突然死) 시키면서까지, 리요가 쓰루이시의 도움 없이도 어려운 환경을 극복해 나가야 한다는 여성 자립의 강한 의지를 도쿄의 ‘서민동네’를 배경으로 그리고 있다.

This study explores the marriage life of the woman who failed as a woman after the war in “Downtown”. The heroine Riyo, aged 30, went to Tokyo with her son, Tomekichi, aged 8 and started peddling hawking when she realized that her husband did not come back alive when he went to war 6 years ago. She encountered Yoshio Tsuruishi, aged 29, who came back from the war and found that his former wife had already married another man while he was sent to Siberia. Yoshio saw the life of Riyo was even more difficult than his own and decided to take her and her son, Tomekichi to Asakusa. However, on their way back from the place, they had a heavy rain and stayed in a ryokan. In the one night stay, they had a serious relationship. The relationship between Riyo and Tsuruichi illuminates the negative circulation of married lives, which many husbands found out the fact that their wives had already married other men while they were away from home and tried to marry other women instead. Especially, this novel emphasizes the agony of women who were in the destructed married lives. In addition to this, after 2 days, Fumiko suddenly let Suruishi die after he promised Riyo to provide a financial support. The author drew her strong will of women's independence into the "down town" as Riyo faced a difficult situation and had to solve it without Rusuishi's support.

The purpose of this paper is the decoding of the story of the "Nihon Chimbotsu(Japan Sinks)" which was settled in postwar Japanese society. I analyzed as well as the original text, but also movies and manga(comics) was made after. This paper criticized the statue "Nihon Chimbotsu" is read in the context of "Imagination of the 2000s." called 'Sekai-kei no Kon'nan(Difficult of the younger generation)'. I discussed the theme of the movie "Nihon Chimbotsu" and the manga "Nihon Chimbotsu" was made in the 2000s, and pointed out vulnerability of Sekai-kei which do not discuss the Japan and Japanese. Although certainly narrative of "Japanese" and "Japanese" is weak, and I pointed out that a national consciousness and national identity in a different way.

本稿は、戦後日本社会に定着したソフトである『日本沈没』の物語を、原作小説である小松左京『日本沈没』のモチーフを確認した上で、その後に映画やマンガといったメディアで展開された｢日本沈没｣の物語とともに解読したものである。その際に、批判的前提としたのは｢セカイ系の困難｣という1990年代後半以降の｢ゼロ年代の想像力｣の文脈で読み込まれる｢日本沈没｣像であった。国家や日本人を語らない、無関心のセカイ系をめぐる議論の危うさを指摘し、2000年代に生み出された映画｢日本沈没｣、マンガ『日本沈没』を題材に論じた。たしかに｢日本｣｢日本人｣というナラティブは後景に退くものの、そこには別の形で準備されるナショナルな意識、アイデンティティが存在することを指摘した。

본 연구는 독도의 영유권 문제의 본질을 규명하는 일환으로 독도의 "가치 · 명칭 · 관리"의 편견에 대한 고찰이다. 첫째, 독도의 가치에 대해이지만, 독도의 특징은 암초라는 것이다. 그러므로 고대에서 현대까지 섬의 가치는 바뀌어왔다. 그 가치는 인간이 주는 것이다. 가치가 높을수록 섬을 독점하고 싶은 욕구가 생긴다. 고대와 고려시대 공도정책을 취하고 있던 조선 중기는 경계의 일부라는 상징적 가치로, 조선 말기 울릉도 개척시대에는 경제적 가치로 한국은 영토 의식을 가지고 있었던 것이다. 둘째, 명칭에 대해이지만, 섬의 가치가 발생하면 소유의식이 생긴다. 소유의식과 함께 섬의 이름이 생긴다. 독도에 대해서도 시대적으로 섬의 가치가 생길 때마다 다양한 명칭이 생겨났다. 우산도, 석도, 독도 등이 그것이다. 셋째, 실효적 관리에 대해이지만, 독도의 특징은 작은 암초로 이루어져 있다는 것이다. 그러므로 독도는 넓은 토지를 관리하는 형식과는 다르다. 독도는 사람이 정착하고 관리할 수 있는 그런 섬이 아니다. 따라서 중앙 정부가 영토 의식을 가지고 있고, 다른 나라의 침략이 있을 때는 영토로 지켜왔다. 독도는 고대에서 현대에 이르기까지 이러한 방법을 가지고 관리되어 온 것이다. 일본 측의 주장은 강치 어업만 실효지배에 해당한다고 한다. 독도는 일본의 강치 어업에 의해 강치가 전멸되었다. 이는 타국의 영토에 대한 경제적 약탈행위에 불과하다.

This study is to investigate the nature of the problem of sovereignty over Dokdo. In which the consideration for the look of "ValueㆍNameㆍManagement" of Dokdo. First, it is about the value of Dokdo, Dokdo feature of it is that it is a reef. Therefore, the value of the island has changed from ancient to modern. In which humans give its value. There is a desire to want to dominate the island the higher the value. Korea that was taking a medium-term policy Sky Island was symbolic value as the boundary, and the ancient and the Goryeo Dynasty. South Korea is in pioneer days Ulleungdo had a consciousness of territory as economic value. Second, is about the name, there is sense of ownership by the value of the island occurs. The name of the island is born with sense of ownership. There is a value of every age even for Dokdo Island. Various names each time I was born. Usando, Ishijima, and it is Dokdo. Third, although the effective management, characteristic of Dokdo is made of small reef. Therefore, unlike the format territory management to manage the wide land. Dokdo island is not the management of a person settled. Therefore, I have to protect the territory when the Korean government will have a sense of territory, there is an invasion of other countries. Dokdo has been managed in this way from ancient times up to. Japan's claim that only the sea lion fishery falls under effective control. Dokdo is Japanese sea lion is gone by the fishery. It is the economic plunder against the territory of another country.

Nowadays, the interest in supernatural phenomenon is gradually rising in Japan. What means these phenomena? To consider the meaning of this trend, I try to pick up the Ideal history of Japanese Buddhism as a theme. How did the Japanese Buddhism receive Jodo faith? And how did Jodo faith change itself? The aim of this paper is to clarify these problems. To solve the problems means to understand the meaning of the trend of the supernatural phenomenon in Today’s Japan. In Chapter 2, I discussed about some precedent studies and its problems. In the next chapter, I explained a generation of the Jodo faith in the history of Buddhism. After Jodo faith was handed down to Japan, it rapidly spread in the Heian era in particular. I explained the process in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, I focus on the Mappo-siso - the belief in the third and last stage of Buddhism. Because the belief influences considerably on Jodo faith in Heian era. There is the first change of Jodo faith in here. I take a Buddhist Scripture Ojoyoshu in the following chapter. With this book, value of the world is completely denied. This book is a monumental book that denies the value of this world and showed a method to go to the next world. In Chapter 7, I treat Jodo faith in the Kamakura era that is the second change of the Jodo faith.

現代日本では、超常現象やあの世への関心が高まっている。そうした関心はどこから来るのか。その理由を、日本仏教の歴史の中から拾い上げることが本稿の課題である。それには仏教において浄土信仰が生まれ、それが日本に伝わり、さらにどのような変化を被ってきたのかを明らかにしなければならない。本稿の構成は以下の通りである。第1章では、本稿の課題と先行研究について述べた。さらに第2章では、浄土信仰とはどのような内容を持っているのかを、原始仏教にまでさかのぼって説明を加えている。その上で、その浄土信仰が仏教伝来とともに日本に伝わり、特に平安時代において隆盛を極めるようになった経緯を述べるのが第3章の課題である。それに続く第4章では、浄土信仰の大きな転換点である、末法という考え方に焦点をしぼっている。それは、平安時代中期に末法という時代意識が浸透するようになって、浄土信仰に第一の大きな意味転換がもたらされたからである。特に第5章では、『往生要集』というあの世への案内書に着目し、この世の現実を否定したことの重要性が説かれる。本論の最終章である第6章では、浄土信仰の第二の意味転換である鎌倉仏教、とりわけ浄土宗と浄土真宗の成立について考察している。

본 연구는 제2차 세계대전 후 남방계 문화를 중심으로 일본문화의 기원론을 전개해 온 고쿠부 나오이치의 존재구속성을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 했다. 일제시대의 일본문화 기원론은 동화정책의 일환으로 아시아 민족과 일본민족의 현연관계를 규정하기 위해 ‘민족이동’을 전제로 구상되어 있었다. 한편 전후는 이러한 학설이 위험한 이데올로기로 간주되면서 ‘문화전파’의 시각만으로 학설이 구상하게 되었다. 1949년에 타이완에서 귀국한 고쿠부는 남방계 문화를 중심으로 학설을 전개해 나갔다. 초기의 학설은 ‘민족이동’의 시각이 배제되었지만 90년대 이후의 학설은 고대 일본인의 혼혈을 인정한 자연인류학의 학설을 수용되면서 ‘민족이동’의 시각에서 형성되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 고쿠부는 전전(戰前) 민족이동을 전제로 일본문화 기원론은 구축한 도리이 류조와 자신의 학통을 인정하는데 인색했다. 사실 그가 강조한 남방계 문화는 1916년에 도리이가 ‘인도차이나민족’으로 제창한 것이다. 제국주의가 남긴 후유증으로 전후 연구자가 있는 그대로 현상을 볼 수 없는 것은 안타까운 일이다.

This research aimed at clarifying the constraints of existence of Kukubu　Naoichi, who was a typical researcher of the ethnogenetic theory of the Japanese people after World War II. As part of the assimilation policy, ethnogenetic theories of the Japanese people were conceived on the assumption of "migration" in order to specify the blood relationship between Asian races and the Japanese race in the age of imperialism. On the other hand, it was considered that these theories were a dangerous ideology, which is why after World War II ethnogenetic theories of the Japanese people have been made only based on the view of "cultural diffusion". Kokubu, who went back to Japan from Taiwan in 1949, formed a theory focusing on the culture from Southeast Asia. The early theory of Kokubu was formed only from the viewpoint of "cultural diffusion", while the viewpoint of "migration" was eliminated. But during the 1990ies academia started to accept the theory of physical anthropology, which was deeply indebted to the viewpoint of "migration." and thus approved the thesis of ancient Japanese half-breeds. Nevertheless, Kokubu was declining to accept an academic relation with Torii Ryuzo, who had helped to form the ethnogenetic theory of the Japanese people from the viewpoint of "migration" before World War II. Although Kokubu emphasized the importance of the race from Southeast Asia, in fact, Torii named them simply "Indochinese" in 1916. It is regrettable that postwar researchers have not been able to accept this fact plainly as an aftereffect of imperialism.

일제의 대륙치략양상과 그 요인 고찰, 글로벌적 시각에서 파악된 일제의 대륙 침략 양상과 그 요인은 다음과 같이 고찰된다. 일제의 대륙침략은 6단계를 통해 전개되어 나갔다. 그러한 단계는 청일전쟁, 러일전쟁, 제1차 세계대전, 만주사변, 중일전쟁, 대동아전쟁을 통해 전개되어 나갔다. 일본의 대륙침략은 전반기의 제3단계까지는 영·미와의 공조체제를 취해 행해졌다. 그러나 후반기의 제3단계는 영·미와의 대립 하에서 행해졌었다. 그 침략의 전반기는 북방 육로의 러시아와의 대립 하에서, 후반기는 남방 해로의 영미와의 대립 하에서 행해졌었다. 그러나 일본의 대륙 침략은 북방의 러시아와 남방의 영미가 공조해 일제의 대륙침략에 대립적 입장을 취하게 됨으로써 결국 좌절되고 말았던 것이다. 일제가 대륙침략을 자행했던 사상적 이유는 자국기업들의 자본 확대, 판매시장 확대, 노동력 착취, 영토 확장 및 문화영토 확장 등이었다. 문제는 일본의 국내외에서의 일본의 대륙 침략을 추진시켰던 세력들과 그 정치적 체제는 글로벌 시대로 접어든 현재까지도 해소되지 않은 상태로 건재해 있다는 것이다.

The pattern of the Japanese Empire's invasion into the Asian continent and its factors are investigated as the following. Japanese Empire's invasion of the continent developed with 6 steps. Each of those steps are made by the Sino·Japanese War, the first world war, the Manchurian Incident, the Chinese·Japanese War, and the Pacific War. Japanese Empire's invasion was developed to the third step of the first half with the mutual aid between England and Japan. But from the forth step of the latter half it had been done under the confrontation between them. And at the first half of Japan's invasion it had been done under the confrontation with Russian on the northern land route, and at the latter half of it Japan's invasion had been done under her confrontation to Angro·American and England on the southern route. Japan's invasion, however was eventually broken down by their taking of confront attitude against Japan's invasion with their cooperations between Russian in the north and the Anglo American·England in the south. The ideological reasons why the Japan invaded the continent were a capital expansion of domestic companies, expanding sales markets, labor exploitation, territorial expansion and cultural territorial expansion. Until now the global era, the forces and the political system which had promoted the japanese invasion of the continent have been alive.

본 연구는 근대 일본이 한국남성의 두발형태에 미친 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 두발형태에 끼친 요인을 분석하였고, 요인에 따른 두발형태의 변화를 도입기, 과도기, 발전기로 나뉘어서 살펴보았다. 두발형태에 미친 요인에는 단발령과 신분제도의 변화, 복식제도의 변화로 나타났다. 먼저, 도입기의 두발형태는 일반인들은 댕기머리와 상투머리하고 있었고 신지식인들과 관료들은 짧은 두발형태인 고부가리나 가리야기를 불가피하게 받아들였다. 이어 과도기에는 전통적인 두발형태인 댕기머리는 서서히 사라지면서 상투머리는 단발한 머리에 탕건이나 관을 쓰고 한복을 입는 등의 과도기적 현상이 나타났다. 발전기인 1930년 부 터는 전통적 두발형태는 거의 사라지고 고부가리, 가쿠가리, 까까머리 등과 함께 장발머리에 웨이브머리 등의 새로운 두발형태가 유행하였다. 이로 볼 때 한국남성의 두발형태 변화에는 단발령을 계기로 일본 남성의 두발형태의 영향을 많이 받았음을 알 수 있다, 한국 남성의 두발형태는 도입기인 19세기 말부터 과도기를 거쳐 1940년대까지의 발전기를 거쳐 오늘날 까지 변화를 거듭하여 발전하였다. 이로 볼 때 단발령이 현대적인 의미의 남성 두발형태의 변화에 미친 영향이 크다고 볼 수 있다.

This study was to analyze the impact of the Japan, Korea in the form of male hair. Factor analysis on the form of the hair, and examined the factors, according to the hair in the form of changes in the introduction, transition, and development Factors on the form of the hair, were the Topknot Cutting Edict, caste system changes and Costume changes. when Introduction as the new and old time is clearly separated, ordinary people had pigtail hair and topknot hair, intelectual people and bureaucrat are inevitably accepted short cut style sport hair or Boy's bob. after the transition a traditional hair shape pigtail hair slowly disappeared. and then topknot hair is changed to putting Tanggun or Gwan on bobbed hair and wearing a Hanbok. development ,Starting in 1930, a traditional head shape, almost disappeared. and sport hair or Boy's bob. shaven hair, long-hair and hair waves are popular. in view of these facts, Changes in the form of Korean men's hair are influenced by hair form of the japanese man has been a lot can be seen. form of korean men's hair had been developed by continues changing until today. in view of these factsTopknot Cutting Edict seems to have influence on change of male's hair form of The modern sense.

Korea since the 2000s, consumers' incomes increased. Therefore, for the freshness and safety of consumers on Agricultural and Marine Products has increased its interest.　In such a situation, Korea's Agricultural and Marine Products in Asian markets need to gain a competitive edge, and it's necessary to building Cold Logistics System proposed measures. In addition, Cold Logistics between Korea and Japan, the direction of policy development and its implications was obtained by analyzing the actual conditions.　Therefore, Korea's Agricultural and Marine market activation measures were suggested. Finally, Cold Logistics in Korea and Japan's strategic partnership between the two countries proposed measures.

韓国は2000年代以降から消費者の所得水準が高くなって農水産物に対する生鮮度・安全性について関心が高まった。このような状況の中で韓国の農水産物がアジア市場で競争力を確保するための必要な低温物流システムの構築方案を提示した。また韓日の低温物流政策の展開方向と実態分析から示唆点を得て、韓国の農水産物市場の活性化対策を提案するとともに韓日間の低温物流の戦略的な連携方案を提示した。

본 연구에서는 정보화사회라는 비즈니스 환경변화에 따른 일본기업들의 IT인재 활용을 통해 고용성과 극대화를 위한 효과적인 IT투자방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구진행을 위해 JUAS와 일본 중소기업 백서에 있는 통계자료를 토대로 분석을 위한 측정기준을 마련 하였다. 측정기준의 구성에 있어서는 IT투자기업 유형, IT투자유형, IT인재 활용분야, 고용성과로 구분하여 각각의 세부항목을 지정하였다. 세부항목에는 IT투자기업 유형의 경우 IT관련 기업, IT대응 기업, IT미대응 기업으로 항목을 지정하였으며 IT투자유형의 경우 인프라형, 업무효율형, 전략형으로 항목을 지정하고, IT인재 활용분야의 경우 IT부문, 사업부문, 정보생산부문으로 항목을 지정하고, 고용성과의 경우 구조조정, 대체, 증대로 항목을 지정하였다. 이러한 측정기준을 토대로 IT투자를 통한 고용성과 극대화 방안을 모색하기 위해 2009년에서 2011년까지의 통계자료를 분석함으로서 일본 기업 입장에서의 고용성과 극대화를 위한 IT투자 방안에 대한 결과를 얻을 수가 있었다. 본 연구의 결과가 IT투자, IT인재 활용, 고용성과 같은 연구에 많은 도움이 되었으면 한다.

This study aims to investigate into an effective IT investment plan for maximizing employment performance through utilizing IT talents of Japanese enterprises according to a change in business environment of information society. For progressing a research, the measurement standard for analysis arranges on the basis of statistical data in a white paper for JUAS and Japanese small-and-medium-sized companies. As for the composition of the measurement standard, each of the thorough items examines by dividing into IT investment enterprise type, IT investment type, IT talent application field, and employment performance. In the thorough items, a case of IT investment enterprise type includes items with IT enterprise, IT response enterprise, and IT non-response enterprise. A case of IT investment type designates items with infrastructure type, job efficiency type, and strategy type. A case of IT talent application sphere designates items with IT section, business section, and information production section. A case of employment performance includes items with restructuring, substitution, and intensification. This study showed that a result could be obtained on IT investment plan for maximizing employment performance in the position of Japanese enterprises by analyzing statistical materials from 2009 to 2011 in order to seek a plan for maximizing employment performance through IT investment based on this measurement standard. The implications of the findings suggest the important influence upon a research such as IT investment, IT talent application, and employment performance.

In-house unions are regarded that they had many contributions in economic growth of Japan after World War 2. That is because of reasons mentioned below. Firstly, In-house unions are in a relation as a group sharing a common destiny with a company. The In-house unions are destroyed as well if the company is disappeared. Accordingly, In-house unions have no choice but cooperating for a company to keep lasting and make development. Secondly, members of In-house unions are employees of involving company. They have awareness as a member of the unions with as a employee at the same time. They make an effort to accomplish maintenance and development of their company.　 On the other side, this in-house union has a problem whether or not it is desirable to cooperate unquestioningly toward some behaviors of a company.

企業別労働組合は日本的雇用システムの代表例として取り上げられてきたものである。労働組合の組織単位が、産業や職業、地域ではなく｢企業｣であるということはアメリカやヨーロッパ諸国の労働組合とは異なる｢日本的なるもの｣として理解されてきたのである。また、その活動の基本姿勢は労使の協力と協議にあり、利害対立を前面に立てて労使交渉を行う労働組合はごく少数である。今日の企業ではいろいろな形態の不祥事を起こしている。このような不祥事を事前にチェックできない状況にあるのが現状である。コーポレートガバーナンス問題が出てきたのもこのような理由からである。コーポレートガバーナンスという問題はいかに企業をモニタリングするかということに要約できる。現実的には、企業の内部および外部からモニタリング機能がうまく機能していないのが事実である。企業別労働組合は企業と運命共同体関係である。企業が倒産すれば労働組合も消滅する。これは労働組合員の生活問題とも直結する問題でもある。ここで企業別労働組合は企業が維持発展することにおいて企業の意思決定および執行をモニタリングする必要があるということができる。結論的にいうとここにこれからの企業別労働組合の新しい役割が期待されるところである。

본 연구는 2010년도《주한외국기업체총람》의 자료를 이용하여 일본기업의 지분소유 유형(소수소유, 공동소유, 다수소유, 완전소유)에 따른 한국시장 진출 특성이 무엇인지를 살펴보았다. 본 연구에 대한 분석 내용을 종합하면, 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 일본기업은 완전소유 유형에서 서울, 경기지역을 중심으로 진출한 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일본기업은 완전소유 유형에서 1백만 달러 미만의 자본규모를 소유한 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일본기업은 완전소유 유형에서 제조업보다는 서비스 산업에 투자한 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 소수소유와 다수소유 유형은 도소매업, 전기전자에 투자한 것으로 나타난 반면 공동소유와 완전소유는 도소매업, 기타 제조업에 높게 투자한 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 일본기업은 완전소유 유형에서 1백만 달러 미만의 자금을 투자한 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났는데, 그 중 다수소유와 완전소유 유형은 1억 달러 이상의 자본을 일부 투자한 것으로 나타났다. 여섯째, 일본기업은 완전소유 유형에서 1990년대에 신고하여 등록한 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로 일본기업의 지분소유 유형은 진출지역, 자본금, 산업, 업종, 투자액, 투자시기에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 이들 대부분의 기업들은 지분소유 유형 중 소수소유인 합작투자 형태로 한국시장에 진출하는 특성을 갖고 있다.

This study is to examine the characteristics of advancement into the Korean market of Japanese enterprises depending on the type of their ownership(minority-owned, co-owned, majority-owned, and wholly-owned) by employing data from 《the 2010 Foreign Enterprises Statistics》. Through analysis of the statistics, the results are summarized as follows. Firstly, many of Japanese enterprises in the minority-owned type have advanced mostly into Seoul and Geoynggi Province in South Korea. Secondly, most of those enterprises tend to own less than 1 million dollars of capital. Thirdly, many of them have invested in the manufacturing industry rather than the service industry. Fourthly, while enterprises advancing with minority-owned type are shown to invest in the electrical & electronics industry and the wholesale & retail trade industry. Fifthly, it is shown that many of Japanese enterprises in the minority-owned type are inclined to invest less than 1 million dollars of their capital. Sixthly, it is indicated that most of minority-owned types started up their businesses in the 1990s. Finally, it showed that the type of share ownership of Japanese enterprises has an influence on regions, capital, industries, type of businesses, invested amount, and investing time. Especially, most of these enterprises are characterized to enter the Korean market as a minority-owned type, or with joint venture.

현재 국내 생보사는 연금, 통합보험 중심의 영업체계로 장기간병보험과 관련된 시장 경쟁정도는 미비한 수준이다. 장기간병보험시장이 활성화되지 않는 주원인은 급속한 고령화에 따른 장수리스크와 치매, 요개호상태에 대한 적용기준 등에 대한 불확실성이 존재하기 때문이다. 일본의 생보사들은 독자적인 위험률 통계와 요개호 인정 기준을 마련하여 적극적으로 장기간병보험을 개발하여 제공하고 있다. 본 연구는 일본 생보사의 장기간병보험 운영사례를 검토하고 그 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

Currently, Korean life insurance companies do not pay much attention to such a new business area as long-term care insurance. It is because there is a high risk derived from a rapid rate of ageing these days, as well as because there is an uncertainty regarding the criteria for measuring the need of care. In contrast, Japanese life insurance companies have aggressively involved in the long-term care insurance area with its own risk rate statistics and criterion for judging the need of care. This article aims to provide a clue for Korean life insurance companies to rush into the long-term care insurance business, by analyzing the case of the Japanese life insurance companies.