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Der öffentliche Auftritt der Staatsfonds ist ganz unterschiedlich. Während der norwegische Pension Fund regelmäßig Quartalsberichte und Asset Allokation – 60 % Anleihen, 40 % Aktien – publiziert, einmal jährlich eine Übersicht über alle Investments präsentiert und zudem das norwegische Finanzministerium bekanntgemacht hat, daß der Fund nicht mehr als 10 % an einzelnen Unternehmen halten darf, vermeiden andere Staatsfonds eine Offenlegung ihrer Unternehmensstrategie. Diese Fonds werden ihr Verhalten ändern müssen. Sie werden in der Zukunft auf ein Regulierungsgefüge treffen, bei dem internationale und nationale Regelwerke ineinander greifen. Die in der Entstehung begriffenen Regelwerke von IWF und EU werden dazu führen, daß sich Staatsfonds, insbesondere wenn sie in Europa investieren wollen, um mehr Transparenz bemühen müssen. Die bei der OECD in Arbeit befindlichen, an die Empfängerländer gerichteten Rahmenregelungen für die Investitionstätigkeit der Staatsfonds gemäß den Grundsätzen der Nichtdiskriminierung, Transparenz, Berechenbarkeit und Verantwortlichkeit werden die Investitionsstandorte weltweit weitgehend offen für ausländische Investoren halten. Allerdings werden sich die Staatsfonds darauf einstellen müssen, daß ihre Investitionen künftig verstärkt einer Prüfung durch die Empfängerstaaten unterzogen werden. Die häufig geäußerte Befürchtung, der Investitionsstandort Deutschland könne durch Ausbleiben ausländischer Investitionen infolge der geplanten Änderung des Außenwirtschaftsgesetzes Schaden erleiden, teile ich so nicht. Auch nach dieser Änderung wird Deutschland einer der liberalsten Investitionsstandorte der Welt sein, liberaler beispielsweise als die USA, Frankreich oder Australien. Anlagesuchendes ausländisches Kapital kann es sich nicht leisten, nur wegen des neuen Prüfungsverfahrens den Investitionsstandort Deutschland vollständig zu umgehen. Es gibt einen Konsens der westlichen Industriestaaten, daß eingeschritten werden können muß, wenn die öffentliche Sicherheit bedroht ist. In Deutschland ist dies anders als in anderen Staaten, in denen die Exekutive gesetzesfreier agieren kann, nur möglich, wenn es einen gesetzlichen Eingriffstatbestand gibt. Ohne einen solchen Tatbestand ist Deutschland gegen eine marktfremde strategische Interessenverfolgung durch Staatsfonds hilflos. Deshalb ist gegen das in Deutschland vorgesehene Verfahren einer Prüfung geplanter Beteiligungen EU- und EFTA-ausländischer Investoren an deutschen Unternehmen, auch wenn es an dem Gesetzesentwurf noch einiges zu verbessern geben mag, grundsätzlich nichts einzuwenden.

The purpose of this report is to enhance the systemic coherence of laws for the support of small and medium enterprises and thus to help to make more efficient and effective legislations that provide actual support for small and medium enterprises. Small and medium enterprise support laws have been made overlapped according to requests of various small business operators in each sector, and they consists of several 'special acts' without the consideration for the systemic coherence. With this trend continued, they become less and less valuable in terms of the systemic coherence and are not helpful to small and medium enterprises, sometimes they act as an obstacle to business activities of small and medium enterprises as we can see the example of the 'Business plan permission system'. In this article, I checked this problem in this point of view. In supporting laws for the commencement of enterprises, they do not have coherent and united system to support all business starters, but they are divided into various parts such as women, the handicapped, small-business operators, etc. Therefore, they are regarded as less effective and comprehensive. It need that overlapped and non-systematic laws should be reduced to the minimum number of laws such as the with「Framework Act on small and medium enterprise」and a handful of supporting laws. In addition, the relationship between 'Framework Act' and 'Special Acts' shall be reorganized to a system of laws based on the Framework Act. I also suggest the reorganization of articles for the administrative examination, which are currently scattered into various laws regarding small and medium enterprises, for the systemic approach of the administrative examination law. It needs to establish small and medium enterprise support laws which are consumer-oriented and actually helpful to small and medium businesses. To achieve these, the scientific and reasonable legislative analysis and the public debate on the systemic problem should be introduced. As the small and medium enterprise supporting laws are less and less understandable even for the small and medium enterprises as the number of laws and the contents of them increased and complicated. Therefore, I suggest the reorganization of regarding laws into simple and systemic ones with the eye of legislators and persons in charge of policies that can overview all policies regarding small and medium enterprises.

Recently, the Government has advanced policies to support a self-employed creative business as an opportunity to create new jobs. However, Korean laws and regulations related to small and medium enterprises do not provide legal concepts for the self-employed creative business, legislative foundation for making a market to trade creative ideas or grounds for supporting a stable management of the self-employed creative business. Even, a number of legal restrictions deter an individual from starting out a business. As a basic research for making legislation dealing with a self-employed creative business, this paper aims at identifying legislative tasks for purposes of assisting the self-employed creative business by seeking the legal definition of a self-employed creative business and reviewing the legal and institutional status for assisting the self-employed creative business, based on the relevant laws under the jurisdiction of the Small and Medium Business Administration. First of all, this paper compared similar concepts on the independence in trading relations, taking into account whether the business has personal rights in light of trading or reflecting professional knowledge, whether creativity is involved, or whether the business is carried out in the form of a company. In order to develop the legal concepts of a self-employed creative business, it is desirable to define a self-employed creative business according to a qualitative standard of trading "creative knowledge," rather than a quantitative standard of "sole proprietorship." Second, for facilitating a self-employed creative business, it is required to make legislation in a new form focused on the knowledge-based industry, to provide legal grounds for supporting the start-up of a self-employed creative business and establishing intermediary organizations, such as an association for self-employed creative business, and to set up a system to evaluate support policies. Against the background, such policies to facilitate a self-employed creative business shall be designed to supplement the existing industrial structure, which is centered on the traditional manufacturing industry. In conclusion, it is appropriate to lay out the legal foundation for encouraging an individual to start up a business, providing support in the course of the preparation of the business, and establishing models to make profits after starting the business.

Population growth requires efficient use of lands, and damage to the right to enjoy sunshine or to the prospect becomes remarkable issues. Although the right to enjoy sunshine is not included in typical issues of environmental invasion, issues on it have a common characteristic as a kind of environmental invasion. In other words, damage to the right to enjoy sunshine is constant like environmental invasion behaviors, and it is possible to perform invasive behaviors even by legal exercise of rights of offenders. This is an example for explaining the right to enjoy sunshine: a resident of a north building who enjoys sunshine through the space of adjacent south land is invaded of his right on the sunshine when one who has the right to use the south land builds a building or other structures that screen the sunshine, and then the resident may claim his right to have certain amount of sunshine. Practically issues on damage to the right to enjoy sunshine should be secured through judicial redemption of rights, and therefore, Korean courts have presented relevant judicial precedents, though not plenty. In this study the author considered the legal structure of lawsuit for claim for damages and the criteria on unbearable pain, centering on judicial precedents.

We are now living in the era of informations which are able to communicate one another freely by means of a wire or wireless in the result of utmost rapid development of the information technologies. However, the free accesses and logistics of the information to the internet caused the significant harmful effects of illegal individual information, a lot of lewd information, and diffusions of cyber defamation. In particular, in the process of information service providing, the illegal informations being rapidly spreaded out through the internet web have significantly caused a variety of social problems. In order to correct social evils, each country is now making an attempt to give a punishment to the illegal information service provider who is spreading illegal informations by means of an internet, further more they are now making an attempt to take an appropriate legal control as well as talking about criminal offense even though the Online Service Provider(OSP) who leaves these illegal informations to neglect. In connection with the above, we are now under discussion in the scholastic or practical affairs dimensions about the increasing of social responsibility for the Online Service Provider and for those who are committed to offense to use of spreading their illegal informations or for the Online Service Provider leaves these illegal informations to neglect. Accordingly, I would like to proceed the legal studies whether it will be a punishable possibility against the Online Service Provider(OSP).

The purpose of this paper is to examine the case which confirmed the invalidation of high rate of agreed interest and repayment claim of excessive interest. The importance of this case lies in the fact that the court, unlike previous cases, recognized the repayment claim in the excess interest already payed, which had been under controversy since the abrogation of the old Usury Law. This case is problematic, However, because the court did not make clear the criteria and extent of the high interest rate that could be invalidated as a violation of Article 103 of Korean Civil Code. The redemption claim of the excessive interest already payed was settled by the principle of fairness and repayment in good faith, based on the comparison with Article 746 of Korean Civil Code. Since the court didi not follow the precedents, it should have presented the theoretical ground and meaning of unlawfulness. Despite this limit, this case is still important in that the court initiated the legislation on issues under controversy, resulting in the restoration of the Usury Law. For this reason, the new Usury Law was established in 2007 and the law took effect on June, 30, 2007. At this point, the issues on the validity of agreement on high interest rates and repayment claim of excessive interest will be settled under the new Usury Law.

This paper explains the Samsung-Everland Case, in which the Supreme Court declared not guilty to directors of Everland for having issued Convertible Bonds(CBs) to Jeayong Lee at a low price. The Court declared that “issied Convertible Bonds(CBs) was by shareholder allocation methods and it did not violate one's duty in spite of low-price issues.” Also, the issuing CBs in order to transfer management right is not negligent. Although, it can infringe on interests of shareholder, it does not infringe on interests of corporation. However, issuing CBs by shareholder allocation methods can make the corporation lose the opportunity to increase its assets, and it becomes the loss of the corporation. Since the board of directors responsible for the fiduciary duty, issuing CBs for transferring management right to the third party is a clear infringement of the duty. In conclusion, it is reasonable that the board of directors of Everland acted in violation of their duty as breach of trust.

Object: The purpose is to diversely seek the alternatives to the supplement plans for increasing the investment to prevent industrial accident and formulate policies for applying the scheduled rate system in Korea. Methods: Through the status analysis of the worker's compensation insurance and the industrial accident prevention fund of Korea, the issues involving the systematic or financial management of the worker's compensation insurance and industrial accident prevention plan have been analyzed, and with the pre-condition of applying the scheduled rate systems of foreign worker's compensation insurances in Korea, the analysis is further undertaken on the status of the special merit system (program to reduce the insurance premium) of Japanese labor disaster insurance, the scheduled rate system of Germany (praemienverfahren), and the scheduled rate system of the US for further reference. Results: The supplement plan for the short-comings of the investment system of the current rated rate system of 8% may be presented largely in 3-fold: 1) method to invest the costs as much as required under the industrial accident prevention plan, 2) method to deliberate and resolve the investment rate for certain period (for example: 5 years or 10 years) by the National Assembly, and 3) maintain the present fixed rate system (8%) and adjust the investment rate for higher rate. In addition, in order to apply the scheduled rate system, it would be required to apply the scheduled rate system first for the KOSHA 18001 and the risk evaluation project from various industrial accident prevention plans that are expected to expand its implementation as they are currently implemented by the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. Conclusion: KOSHA 18001 and the plan to link the scheduled rate system to the risk evaluation project may be a sensitive agenda for all bodies of labor, management and government that it is required to make the determination by the stipulation of all bodies of labor, management and government after going through the reviews of labor, management, government, academy as well as relevant experts.

　従来の伝統的な賃金体系は、年功給の賃金体系である。ところ で、企業は複雑な従来の賃金体系を改編するために、成果主義の賃 金制度に多大な関心を持っている。このような制度の代表例として は、企業の役員と管理職を対象とした「年棒制」が上げられる。 　年棒制は成果主義の賃金を具体化した制度として、賃金決定基準 において「労働時間」の要素を排除しようとする制度である。とこ ろで、現行の勤労基準法は、その規律対象として典型的な時間給を 設定している。それに年棒制は「賃金と労働時間の関係」と賃金決 定要素として、「労働時間と成果の関係」においてたくさんの論点 が現れている。年棒制は対象者の成果と業績に従い、賃金水準に直 ちに影響を及ぼすため、従来の賃金法理では予想のできない新たな 法理問題が発生することになる。 　本稿での議論は、以下の通りである。まず、年棒制の台頭及び実 態、定義と類型について考察する(Ⅱ)。また、労働法的な観点か ら、年棒制の導入と関連する様々な実務上の問題(Ⅲ)を見る。具体 的な論点として年棒制の決定基準、適用対象、勤労基準法上の手続 の履行、年棒制の導入と就業規則の不利益変更、年棒制の導入と団 体協約の効力拡張制度及び団体交渉の対象可否などを考察する。 　結論として、年棒制は硬直した現行の勤労基準法とは符合しない ところがある。無論、法院の判例と行政解釈の解釈と運用を通じ て、その限界を解決することもできる。しかし、企業の期待効果に 応え、雇用環境の変化による労働法保護の適切な調和点を探るためには、現行 の勤労基準法の規制緩和が必要である。