Earticle

The Purposes of this study are to clarity adverbs which have meaning of ‘manhi(many/much)’ in Busan and Gyeongnam Dialect in the point of morphologic, syntactic, semantic characteristics. The morphologic characteristics of adverbs whose meaning of ‘manhi’ in Busan and Gyeongnam Dialect have been dealt with simple and derivational adverbs. The syntactic characteristics of these adverbs have been divided with four cases, the first case is modification of verbs, and the second case is modification of adjectives, and others are modification of verbs and adjectives, and ‘noun+ida.’ The semantic characteristics of these adverbs have various semantic traits.

The goal of this paper is to examine several problems regarding tough-constructions (TC) which have been considerably controversial since the very beginning of the Generative Grammar and to present possible solutions to them within the theoretical framework of the Phase-Based Minimalism. It is argued that those problems concerning TC have stemmed from the so-called A-movement approach in which TC can be derived from expletive-TC, referred to as non-tough-constructions (NTC) in this paper, by a kind of transformational rule. It is also argued that the approach has relied too heavily on the GB concepts, such as the levels of representation, taken to be conceptually and empirically unnecessary in Minimalism. Therefore, this paper proposes that, in the analyses of TC, we adopt an A'-movement approach instead of the A-movement one and the phase-based minimalist approach instead of the GB-style representational one. By doing so, we present relatively successful solutions to such controversial TC-related problems as the θ-role assignment problem, the Case-checking/assignment problem, the locality problem, the movement motivation problem, and the scope problem

Suprasementals or suprasemental features such as stress, pitch, intonation and pause play an important role in spoken communication. This study assumes that the differences in suprasementals between English and Korean may interfere with the Korean EFL learners in proper understanding of English. Thus, the object of this study is to show differences in pause between English and Korean by analyzing both inter-sentential and intra-sentential pauses. For the purpose, two groups of data were selected: one, the dialogues and speeches from TOEIC test and the other, those from TOPIK test. The results show that pause in Korean is relatively longer than in English in both inter- and intra-sentential levels, and pause is not exactly consistent with the syntactic and semantic units in both languages

The aim of this paper is to analyze the interrelation between the production of an English sentence, the recognition of its constituents and proficiency assesment in the EFL environment. It has been shown that a sentence is activated by working memory as 3-4 syntactic-semantic units in the process of language production. Such memorization system as this gives a critical clue to Korean EFL students of English who start to learn English in earnest after puberty. The hypothesis that a syntactic operation like ellipsis, displacement or substitution is undergone by phrasal unit is supported by grammaticality judgement. Constituent recognition in the process of speaking and listening is related to language proficiency. It is thus proposed that one of the most effective methods to learn English and to improve English proficiency is to recognize phrasal constituents including a verb phrase which usually contains one or two verbal complements as a cognitive unit

The purpose of this study based on recent study results is to examine the construction of Korean body part-term and categorial metaphors aspect. According to the consequences, the "noun + noun" combination is most prominent, next "sino-korean + noun", finally "noun + noun(which hardly stands along)". Also, the root of body part-term prefer joining with specific affixes such as /maen-/ and /-jil/. Moreover central element participates meaning extension following below order: FORMAL>TELIC>CONSTITUTIVE. Finally, "HUMAN, OBJECT, OBJECT/SPACE, SPACE, POSSESSION" is shown up in most categorial metaphors of body-part terms

Due to structural differences between Korean and English, machine translation from Korean to English faces difficulties when it processes multiple case constructions. Korean, a language with overt case markers, can have more than one Nominative/Accusative case-marked argument in a clause while English, whose case realization is abstract in general, restricts the number of Nominative/Accusative case arguments based on properties of valid case assigners in a given clause. After reviewing morphological case as well as abstract case observed in Korean and English respectively, this paper categorizes patterns of multiple case constructions in Korean based on semantic relations between arguments. An error analysis based on actual translation data from two Korean to English translators (Yahoo Babel Fish and PAT transer) makes a suggestion for morphological and syntactic processes of machine translation

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the types of errors by Korean college students in pronouncing English fricatives. The results of the tests are as follows: In production test, the highest 78.33% errors came out for /θ-ð/, followed by 50.42% for /f-v/, 34.58% for /s-z/ and 23.4% for /ʃ-s/. The minimal pair with the /θ-ð/ came out with the highest error rate. Especially, Korean college students mainly chose /s/ rather than /t/ or /d/ for English /θ/ and /ð/. This result shows that within the phonological structure of Korean the difference between a sibilant such as /s/ and a fricative such as /θ/ has less phonemic "force" than the difference between a stop and a fricative

This study aims at comparative study of classical theory and prototype theory of the categorization. The claim of cognitive linguists, which many concepts simply do not have defining features, originates from difference of the point of view of defining features. Defining features of the categorization not maximum features, that all members of category include, but minimum features, that can satisfy all members of category. And difference of clearness and unclearness of category boundaries comes from difference of the point of view of category division. Clearness of category boundaries comes from the principle of contradiction and the principle of excluded middle and this is the basic logics of category division. But unclearness of category boundaries comes from unusual phenomenons of actual reality. And difference of identity and gradability of value of category members is difference of the point of view to category domain. For example, although the category CHAIR has actual and various chairs in reality, but we recognize them as a one ‘chair’ and same value. But mambers of ‘furniture’, for example, chair, sofa, telephone etc, can be divided as goodness-of-examples or badness-of-examples of the category FURNITURE. If we do not recognize identity of value of category members, we claim, that categorization is impossible. And Prototype theory, that has been proposed as an alternative to classical view, was discarded by E. Rosch. This showed that the prototype theory is hard to admit as incorrect theory for categorization. So, classical Theory and Prototype Theory are not mutually exclusive, but complementary theories. we suggest that it is necessary to recognize and accept the classical theory and the prototype theory for categorization

This study applied Testlet-based response theory (TRT) model to a set of reading comprehension data from a TOEIC practice test. The parameter estimates and test information were compared to those of the standard item response theory (IRT) model. The results show that the model choice could have a serious effect on item slope and guessing parameter estimates. However, the two models did not yield any significant difference in item difficulty and proficiency parameter estimates. Test information as a measure of global precision shows that the two models could yield a differential degree of test precision depending on the range of ability distribution. A further textual analysis was also performed to see why certain testlets have more dependence than others in the same test

This paper demonstrates an analysis of the extraction in coordination in the spirit of the Minimalist Program. It is claimed that coordination is an adjunction structure and the extraction facts in coordination are accounted for by independently motivated principles which apply to an adjunct island. The generalization in my analysis is that extraction of an element out of an adjunct is licensed if the gap is interpreted via a coreferential gap in another derivational path. This gap-licensing is an LF-induced island repair. My generalization is extended to the parasitic gaps and subsumed under Nunes' (1995) sideward movement framework. My analysis implies that there is an LF-induced island repair in the grammar

This study examines the commonality and difference in the genre awareness of two undergraduates. By analyzing how they wrote their statements of purpose for their graduate school admission, the author reports that their genre awareness takes place on two levels: (a) identification of communicative purposes, and (b) identification of textual variations. Based on the findings, the author proposes a rhetorical triangle model, which sheds light on the significance of rhetorical knowledge in context

Hurford's Constraint (HC) states that a disjunction A or B is infelicitous when its disjuncts are in an entailment relation. Singh (2006, 2008) argues that HC must be modified in two ways: (i) HC is to be checked incrementally at the basic meaning of each disjunct to the right before it can be strengthened by implicature, and (ii) HC requires inconsistency, not non-entailment, between disjuncts. These modifications are, however, empirical generalizations entirely drawn from linguistic data, and do not provide explanations why they should be so, as Singh (2006) himself admits. The aim of this paper is to provide explanations to Singh's generalizations. I argue that Singh's two generalizations can be explained under the assumption that a disjunction has the property of a correction construction. First, inconsistency between a corrective claim and its antecedent in a correction construction is almost a truism; otherwise, it is not a correction. Second, I propose that a corrective claim is an argument in that it is a reason advanced for the falsity of its antecedent, and show that only asserted, not implicated, meaning is qualified as an argument. It follows then that when inconsistency is checked between disjuncts, only the asserted meaning of the second disjunct counts, which corresponds to a corrective claim in a correction construction

This paper will examine the use of metaphor by ancient monistic philosophers, and attempt to explain their cosmologies with fully utilized ontological and structural metaphors. Developments in the analysis of metaphor over the past few decades have provided cognitive linguists with powerful tools to explore not only our current use of language, but also the language and thought behind some of modern civilization's most seminal works of religion and philosophy. In this paper, modern concepts of metaphor such as grounding, scope, entailment, and embodiment will be applied to the physical monistic philosophies of Thales and Heraclitus. Through this treatment, it will be shown that these pre-scientific cosmologies were tenable precisely because of the fullness and richness of their utilization of their respective source domains