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The aims of this study are to examine on the ceonomic thoughts of Ilhan New, also analyze on the formation process of his thoughts in order to find-out his origiralities. As a matter of fact, this paper want to try build-up his thoughts as an “ism”. Ilhan New was horn an eldest son of Mr. Kee-Ryun, Yoo in Pyungyang. Where is now a capitol city of North Korea, in 1895. When he was only 5years old, he was sent by his father to America where only original purpose was education his son as a great man. In America, he studies byself-supporting his pay from primary school, middle school, and highschool to University of Michigan, and after he was adopted as an accountant of The General Electric Company which is one of the biggest electric company in the world. After one year Resigned the General Electric Co., he established “La Choi Food Company” in America in 1922. La Choi means small green peas in Chines speaking. Came back to mother land, Korea, in 1926, 31 years old, he founded “Yuhan Cooperation” in Seoul, Korea. His business and Yuhan Cooperation have estabilished greet success, eventually his Yuhan Cooperation has achieved one of the biggest Pharmacy company in Korea. In 1971, he died at his age 77 years old. Restorting his whole fortune for the society, He was completely accomplished his social responsibility of business. He was the greatest entrepreneure, educator, social contributor and an independator of Korea, Korea has produced. After studing, I gained a felt results as following: First, Formation of Ilhan thoughts were greatly owing to his Parent's heredities, especially his father's commercialism, and also recognized a patriotism from losing mohter land, understood true humankind from Miss. Isabel and Elizabeth, and after learned American Pragmatism. Second, Mainsprings of Ilhanism was Hongik Thought, 0riental Confucianism, Philanthropysm, SiIhak, Enlightmentism, Pragmatism. Rationalism Pioneerism, and Frontier from Spirit Such thoughts and spirits could be pragnanted the Altrism and Self-inierestism inside Ilhan New's heart. At last, Hamornizing these thoughts, consisted of the essence of Ilhanism, that is, a thoughts of coexistance and coprosperity, patriotism, Before public and after priviate, Innovationism, Non-self deception, Philanthropysim, Stawardship, and Justice management. Third, I can obtained some conclusions that Ilhanism is completely Originalities, that is, as we can read his pray, he always prayed to God that we, all human beings in the world can recognize What is more important matter earring-out our human life anything ‥‥ else our all human beings work hard only for the purpose of true aims‥‥ and help our neighbourhoods with love and dear. As we can see above, he was a throughly human kind, calculative entrepreneure, and rationalist. Carring-out social responsibility of business, he didn't contributed his whole fortune for the society by lair and social pressure, but donated by his own-willings. we can't find out such examples on the process of capitalism history, and he recognized that his business is not belongs to a certain individual or any group, it is only a going-concerns. Fourth, Ilhan New's entrepreneureship was not a narrow national business man, but only was the globalizative entrepreneureship especially his thoughts and actions has harmonizing a difficult problom related to the economic development and economic ethic's trade-off-relation. And he was a pioneer of globalization which if is now our economic goals as he was completely accomplished globalization at that times. Thus it is obious that Ilhan thoughts can be estabilished an “ism” and it can be contained a posibility of globalization.

Since the KOPSI200 index option market was opened in July 1997, it has rapidly grown. In terms of the trading volume, it is the best index option market at the present. The investors have managed the systematic risk exists in stock market through the KOSPI200 index option market. This has led the KOSPI200 index option market contributed to an efficient distribution of capitals by a capital market. Also, It prevents capital outflow from a capital market due to a high leverage effect of derivatives goods itself. As stated above, the KOSPI200 index option market has experienced substantial growth in quantity, however, it has been insufficient in quality. When seeing the participant’s structure of market, a weight of individual investors and securities companies is high. But the financial institutes have a low weight in participation. An essential problem is that the individual investors sustain a great deal of loss, however the foreign investors and financial institutes make much profit. This is an indirect evidence for the asymmetric information between investors. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the indirect financial commodities of index option and various education programs. Finally, for efficiency of option pricing, it needs to diversify the participant’s structure of the options market, which leans upon individual investors and securities companies. So that it is necessary to improve on the transaction system, such as reduction of transaction cost or deposit money and so on, for leading to an active participation of the institutional and foreign investors.

본 연구는 기업의 구성원을 대상으로 윤리경영의 운영과 리더에 대한 신뢰가 조직몰 입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 밝히고자 한 연구이다. 본 연구의 기본 모형은 윤리경영 의 운영을 독립변수, 조직몰입을 종속변수로 하며, 이 두 변수관계에 대해 리더에 대한 신뢰가 조절효과의 역할을 할 것이라는 모형으로 설정한다. 본 연구를 위한 모집단은 윤 리경영을 실시하고 있는 기업 5개사, 윤리경영을 실시하지 않는 기업 3개사를 중심으로 연구를 실시하였다. 8개 기업을 대상으로 1,000부의 설문지를 배포하여 회수된 335부 중에서 불성실하게 작성된 12부를 제외한 323부를 대상으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석의 결과는 구체적으로 다음과 같다. 첫째, 윤리경영의 운영이 조직몰입에 미 치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 설정한 가설 1의 경우 조직몰입에 영향을 주는 하위 요소들 을 살펴보면, ① CEO의 강력한 실천의지, ② 윤리교육․훈련 및 코치, ③ 이해관계자 동참유도이다. 둘째, 본 연구자는 리더에 대한 신뢰가 윤리경영의 운영과 조직몰입 사이에 조절효과 가 있는 것으로 보고 가설 2를 설정하였다. 검증결과 리더에 대한 신뢰는 윤리경영의 운영과 조직몰입 사이에 부분적으로 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋 째, 본 연구에서는 리더에 대한 신뢰가 조직몰입에 중요한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 판단 아래 가설 3을 설정하였다. 검증결과 리더에 대한 신뢰의 하위요소인 계산에 기반한 신 뢰, 지식에 기반한 신뢰, 동일시에 기반한 신뢰는 조직몰입에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것 으로 나타났다

This study is the thesis to verify how operation of ethical management and trust of the leader affect the organizational commitment as the members of the company to accomplish the objectives. Therefore, as for basic model of this study, operation of ethical management becomes independent variable while organizational commitment becomes dependent variable, and any model, which trust of the leader will play the moderating role for these two variables, has been established. As for organizational commitment becomes dependent variable, this study tries to examine the relation between operation of ethical management and organizational commitment by taking any subjective evaluation to judge the qualitative aspect of the organization. Also, in case any analysis level is organizational level but not personal one, this study examines the relation between operation of ethical management and organizational commitment as demographic variables become the control variable because demographic variables can bestow very attentive impacts on the study result. Especially, this study has analyzed how operation of ethical management affects the organizational commitment as per trust of the leader. In this addition, this study is executed that trust of the leader, namely calculus-based trust, knowledgebased trust, and identification-based trust, is regarded as moderating variable, also is regarded as directors or executives of the company to become the leader. It is noted that this study is the first trial in Korea. This study has been made for 5 companies executing ethical management and 3 companies not executing the one. Statistical analysis has been implemented by 323 questionnaires excluding 12 ones with insincerity among 1,000 questionnaires. Results of statistical analysis are as followings: Firstly, in case of Hypothesis-1 established to examine the factors affecting the organizational commitment, strong ① practical will of CEO, ② ethic education/ training and coach, ③ induction of participation of the concerned parties are the significant factors affecting the organizational commitment. In the meanwhile, construction of ethical management system and evaluation/improvement of ethical management do not affect significantly the organizational commitment. This result shows that as for ethical management strong practical will of CEO is more important factor than any other factors in Korea. Namely, if CEO of the company expresses the strong will of ethical management and executes ethic education to the personnel, and induces the concerned parties for participation, it is judged that ethical management can be made in successful way. The fact that construction of ethical management and evaluation/improvement of ethical management do not affect significantly the organizational commitment shows that ethical management level in Korea is under the elementary step. Secondly, this research establishes Hypothesis-2 as trust of the leader bestows any moderating effect between operation of ethical management and organizational commitment. This verification result shows that trust of the leader do not almost moderate between operation of ethical management and organizational commitment. ① It appears that the interaction factor of evaluation/improvement of ethical management and trust of the leader identically based on calculation shows any significant positive moderating effect between operation of ethical management and organizational commitment. ② It appears that the interaction factor of induction of participation of the concerned parties and trust of the leader identically based on identification shows any significant positive moderating effect between operation of ethical management and organizational commitment. Thirdly, this research examines Hypothesis-3 under the judgment that trust of the leader can affect significantly positive impact on organizational commitment. It is verified that calculus-based trust, knowledge-based trust, and identificationbased trust, which is the subordinate factors of trust, affect wholly significant positive impact on organizational commitment. The results clarified through this study can make the variables such as operation of ethical management and trust of the leader discovered in the study of ethical management in future and such application can make abundantly the research for ethical management. Also this study indicates that trust of the leader of the company such as director, executive and etc. including CEO of the company attentively affects organizational commitment together with operation of ethical management. Last, the limitations of research and directions of future research are suggested.

21세기 전반기의 아세아의 질서를 진단하려면 냉전이후 단극구조로 변화된 국제관 계의 특징을 검토하고 동시에 아세아 지역 국가들 간의 관계를 지정학적 견지에서 평가해 보아야한다. 단극구조하의 국제관계는 초강대국인 미국이 독주하려는 경향과 이를 견제하려는 강대국 간의 상호작용으로 특징지어진다. 구조적 측면에서 평가할 때에 단극체제는 패권세력에 도전하는 새로운 강자가 출현할 때까지 안정이 유지된다는 것이 특징이 다. 아직 미국의 패권에 도전하려는 세력은 보이지 않는다. 다만, 중국, 러시아, 그리 고 인도 등이 잠제적인 도전세력으로 부상할 수 있다는 가능성을 시하<사>하고 있 을 뿐이다. 그러나 테러리즘과 핵무기의 확산은 문명체제 자체를 부정하고 파괴하게 된다는 차원에서 국제질서 전반에 대한 중요한 위협요소로 부각되고 있다. 이러한 국제질서에 대한 위협요소가 빠짐없이 모두 이 지역에 존재하고 있다는 점을 주시할 필요가 있다. 아세아 지역은 지정학적으로 인구 13억의 초대형 국가인 중국과 그 주변에서 오랫 동안 독자적 민족문화를 이어온 나라들로 구성되어있다. 이 지역의 국제관계는 전통 적으로 패권세력이 지배하는 수직적 질서가 유지되어 왔으며, 그 전통과 유산이 아 직까지 남아있다. 그러나 주권국가체제(Westphalia System)가 정착되고 산업화가 확산됨에 따라 수평적 국제관계가 자리를 잡아가고 있다. 더욱이 미. 중. 러. 일. 등 세계적 강대국이 지역 내에 포함되어 새로운 지역질서를 모색하고 있는 상황에서 과 거의 수직적 질서의 모델을 추구하려는 것은 현실적으로 실현이 어려운 상황이다. 그러나 이 지역에 새로운 수평적 질서를 이끌어갈 기구나 제도나 관행의 정착은 아 직 초기 단계에 머물러있다. 따라서 유럽과는 달리 아세아의 지역질서는 전환기를 거치고 있다고 평가할 수 있다. 지역 국가들 간의 이해관계는 여러모로 대립되어있다. 역사적으로 적대적 관계에 있던 민족들 간의 감정적 유산이 청산되지 않은 상태에서 불신의 골이 깊어지고 있 다. 전형적인 대륙세력과 해양세력간의 대립적 관계가 그대로 남아있다. 분단된 국토 를 통일하려는 노력과 그 장애요인들이 공존하고 있다. 소수민족들이 독립하려는 노 력과 이를 강력하게 저지하려는 정책이 충돌하고 있다. 영토분쟁이 해결의 실마리를 찾기보다는 확대되어가고 있다. 가장 위험한 상황은 이와 같은 지역 국가들 간의 문제가 국제질서에 대한 위협요 소와 겹쳐져서 확대되는 경우이다. 대만의 독립문제가 미. 중. 간의 문제로 확대되거 나, 북한의 핵문제가 지역 내의 강대국 간의 대립으로 발전하거나, 남태평양상의 도 서에 대한 영유권문제가 군사적 대립으로 확대되는 상황이 그런 범주에 속하는 것이 다. 그러나 지역 내의 국가간의 관계가 모두 부정적인 것만은 아니다. 국경분쟁이 외 교적 노력으로 하나씩 해결되어가고 있으며, 경제적 협력과 상호의존도가 증가하고 있으며, 학술적, 문화적 교류가 활발하게 전개되고 있다는 점이다. 가장 고무적인 것 은 북한핵문제를 해결하기위해 6자회담이 진행되고 있다는 점이다. <진행중인 6자회 담의 결과에 대한 기대가 아직은 크다고 볼수없다. 그러나 중요한 것은 대화의 틀이 다.> 그것은 다자간의 협의와 타협에 의해 지역문제를 해결하려는 노력이라고 볼 수 있으며, 수평질서를 정착시키려는 과정이라고 평가할 수 있다. 21세기의 아세아지역의 질서는 지역 국가들의 선택에 따라 결정된다. 이들 국가들 이 전통적인 수직질서를 고집하면서 패권을 장악하려한다면 이 지역은 거대한 분쟁 지역으로 전락하게 될 것이고, 다자간의 협력을 통한 수평적 질서를 구축해나간다면 안정적인 발전을 기대할 수 있게 될 것이다. 따라서 지금은 이 지역에 다자주의적 질서를 심어서 착근할 수 있는지를 실험하는 전환기라고 볼 수 있다.

A computable general equilibrium model is used to evaluate the economic effects of a free trade agreement (FTA) among China, Japan, and South Korea on the world economy. This study is focused on estimating trade creation and diversion effects of the FTA. Results show that there are strong trade diversion effects of the FTA between the member countries and the rest-of-the world, including the United States and the EU. This is especially true in the trade of high-technology manufacturing good between the United States and China. China diverts its imports of high technology manufacturing goods from the United States to Japan and South Korea under the FTA. However, U.S. exports of agricultural goods and utilities/services increase under the FTA. This study also reveals that the member countries under the FTA tend to specialize on the basis of resource endowments, but there exists a significant amount of intra-industry trade among the member countries in all sectors except agricultural and service/utility sectors. In addition, the FTA stimulates the economies of the three countries through increased trade volume, but provides a significant negative effect on economies of non-member countries.

기업지배구조는 국가경제가 갖고 있는 사회적, 문화적, 역사적, 법률적, 경제적 가 치관을 반영한다. 본 논문은 현실 세계에서 관찰할 수 있는 기업구조지배 형태를 보 다 더 명백하게 설명하기 위해 "퍼지소유권"(fuzzy ownership rights)모형을 개발하 여 소개한다. 기업의 소유권이 애매하며 불확실할 경우 이는 기업지배구조에 중대한 영향을 미친다. 특히, 기업은 단순히 주주의 이익 극대화 문제를 풀기 보다는, 더 높 은 차원의 복합문제 즉, 기업의 모든 이해관계자(stakeholder)의 이익 극대화 문제 를 풀어야 한다. 1997년 이후, 금융위기를 경험한 아세아의 여러 국가들은 英美식 기업지배구조 개 혁을 시도하고 있다. 이러한 개혁의 초점은 주로 소액주주의 권한을 증대하는 데에 있으며 또 한편으로는 퍼지소유권 문제를 외면하고 있다. 본 연구에 의하면 퍼지소 유권의 존재가 변질하지 않는 한, 기업지배구조 개혁은 큰 효과가 없을 것이다. 이는 英美식 개혁이 표면적인 변화만 가져오며, 기업의 목적함수와 행동에는 근본적인 영 향을 주지 못하기 때문이다. 세계 각국에서 현재 관찰할 수 있는 기업지배구조 모형은 아주 다양하다. 긴 안목 을 가지고 보면 이러한 모형들이 英美식 주주최고주의(Anglo-Saxon shareholder primacy) 모형으로 접근한다는 이론도 있지만 본 연구는 그 결과를 부인한다. 퍼지 소유권의 소지자들은 경제체제 안에서 차지하는 그들의 위치 또는 기업과 특수한 관 계를 유지함으로써 발생하는 그들의 권리를 끝까지 지키고 보호할 것으로 예상되며 이러한 기득세력은 한국의 기업지배구조 모형이 주주최고주의 모형으로 접근하는 데 에 있어 큰 장애물이 될 것이다.

This paper presents a model with "fuzzy ownership rights" for explaining corporate governance. The purpose of this model is to capture the theoretical underpinnings of corporate governance in real-world situations, which emphasize social, economic and cultural networks. The existence of strong fuzzy ownership rights affects corporate governance in many important ways, beginning with the firm being forced to go beyond solving the shareholder interest maximization problem: instead, the firm attempts to solve a more complex problem, which is to maximize the interests of other fuzzy ownership right-holders as well. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis in 1997, many countries in Asia were encouraged to adopt western-style corporate governance reforms. Although systemic changes are being adopted, with particular emphasis placed on strengthening minority shareholders’ legal rights, these reforms fail to remove fuzzy ownership rights. This paper predicts that the reform effort will be ineffectual since it leaves the behavior of the firm and itscorporate governance structure fundamentally unchanged. This paper challenges the proposition that globally disparate corporate governance systems in the long run will converge to the Anglo-Saxon shareholder primacy model. Fuzzy ownership rights holders can be expected to protect and refuse to surrender their rights when targeted by corporate reform efforts. The vested interests, which are personal to the holders because they arise from the holder’s position in the economy or in relation to the firm, present a high barrier to convergence toward a global standard based on the shareholder primacy model.

The intersections between globalization, culture and digital communication are complex, take many forms, and involve a multiplicity of levels. Debates about culture are at the heart of globalization, hence the importance of the cultural dimensions of globalization cannot be ignored or underestimated. However, given the limited scope of this paper, these issues cannot be dealt adequately here. Within the process of globalization culture has become one of the most problematized categories. Many scholars seethe relationship between contemporary globalization and culture in terms of the emergence of global forms of culture, dealing mainly with the impact of globalization on national and local cultures, and identities. Fears are expressed in many quarters that the impact of globalization on national and regional cultures translates into the domination of the West, resulting in defensive or aggressive responses. At the same time there is a tendency to associate globalization with the creation of new economic and cultural blocks, new global and regional inequalities, the demise, or even the end of the state, and with the emergence of conflicts that range from ethnic to religious wars. Culture is seen as being intricately connected to the emergence of new forms of fundamentalisms and hostility to the West as well as an increase in global connectivity resulting in cultural heterogeneity or homogeneity. Those that question or argue against the homogenizing tendencies of globalization adopt different theoretical perspectives emphasizing the persistence of cultural diversity and the resistance of local cultures to global cultural forms. To these groups are added the postmodern theoretical approaches, which attempt to deal with the questions of culture, identity and socio-cultural change by adopting the discourses of fragmentation, displacement, difference, mélange and hybridity. Regardless of the numerous approaches adopted, there is insufficient debate about the ways contemporary globalization produces, disseminates and transmits a culture of globalization that skews it towards particular forms and outcomes. In this ongoing process the role of the global Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) within contemporary cultural globalization has been underestimated or assimilated to debates that involve older forms of media. It is my contention that digital communication technologies are integrally connected to the processes of cultural globalization. Digital forms of communication and culture, become embedded within global cultural and communication matrices that are transnational and supranational. I argue that the digital communication revolution introduces increased levels of virtuality, which destabilize and delimit the cultural and communication fields. This is not an even process, but one that engenders contradictions, resistance, new forms of activism, subversion of controls, questioning of political and socio-cultural relations, and involves multilevel cultural engagements. I conclude that globalization appropriates cultural symbols in specific ways that construct global significations that promote specific values and cultural dialogues. These global dialogues take place in the global non-space of cyberspace and are integrated within cultural forms of digital virtual connectivity and interactivity. Thus the culture of globalization is embedded within digital, virtual forms of culture and communication that engender delimited, deterritorialized, multilevel, multifaceted, supranational and trans-global cultural dialogues. In order to move beyond the cultural globalization debates, based on the heterogeneity, homogeneity, glocalism and hybridity paradigms, I argue for a concept of global culture as states of becoming. This represents a way of dealing with challenges of the global culture of digital virtuality and connectivity. Becoming is a creative process that has no predetermined premises, course and outcomes. It allows for the intersection of diverse levels of culture, cultural diversity, change, transformations and endurance through time. Moreover, the concept of becoming can incorporate digital, delimited, de-localized, and virtual forms of culture that are trans-national and supranational. These are not sourced within the traditional categories of embodied communication practices and territorial conceptions of culture.