Earticle

The purpose of this study is to understand the current operational status of youth centers and to establish improvement plan in self-governing city. This study confirms not only the operational conditions and characteristics, but considerations and improvement for youth centers to be built. The Focus Group Interview(FGI) was conducted with the youth group and directors group, and thematic analysis method was used. The results showed that the regional characteristic, current status and restrictions of youth centers, the important factors to operate youth centers, and improvement plan for youth centers. Based on the results, this study suggests that S city should consider the local plan as well as the 7th master plan for youth policy, regional balance, and user-friendly facilities for youth centers. Also specialization strategies for youth centers, increase of manpower and support expertise should be considered.

This study attempted to explore ways to revitalize youth volunteer activities for middle and high school teachers who operate volunteer activities in order to revitalize youth volunteer activities that are shrinking due to changes in education policy. Six teachers with experience in volunteer activity in middle and high schools were selected and a focus group interview was conducted on September 21, 2022. A semi-structured questionnaire derived through discussion among the researchers was used. From the analysis results, three major themes, nine sub-topics, and nine semantic units were derived. First, 'teachers' thoughts on system change' revealed concerns and regrets about the reduction and contraction of volunteer activity, the loss of educational opportunities and difficulty in incorporating new systems, changes in the quality of volunteer work and the possibility of incorporation into the curriculum. Second, 'the realistic challenges of volunteer activity' suggested the lack of specificity and capacity to realize the curriculum, the lack of teacher responsibility and recording methods for realizing small group volunteer activities, and the reality and feasibility of establishing educational plans. Third, 'the proposal for the operation of volunteer activities' suggested the introduction of volunteer subjects to have learning effects and internal stability and linkage the free semester system, linking with community-related organizations and experts for a greater leaps, and easing restrictions to recognize meaningful volunteer activities. Based on these findings, the development of volunteer subjects, preparation of specific measures to promote volunteer activities in clubs and career activities, meetings with community-related institutions and teachers, and the need for a qualitative approach to volunteer activities in terms of finding social problems and social participation were discussed.

The purpose of this study was to check whether maternal psychological control affects the interpersonal problems of adult children, and whether ambivalence over emotional expression mediates the relationship between maternal psychological control and interpersonal problems. The subjects were 282(82 male, 200 female) in their 20-30s. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and SPSS Process Macro. The main research findings were as follow: First, maternal psychological control and ambivalence over emotional expression had direct effect on interpersonal problems. Second, ambivalence over emotional expression significantly mediated the relationship between maternal psychological control and interpersonal problems. Finally, the study’s limits and further discussion were suggested.

The purpose of this study is to verify the moderating effect of self-efficacy when youth smartphone over dependence affects depression in the COVID-19 situation. As for the research method, correlation analysis and regression analysis using SPSS 26 and PROCESS macro were conducted with the data of 654. As a result, first, smartphone over dependence had a positive effect on depression. Second, self-efficacy had a negative effect on depression. Third, the moderating effect of self-efficacy was significant in the relationship between smartphone over dependence and depression. In other words, it was found that the group with low self-efficacy significantly increased depression when over dependence on smartphone increased, reinforcing the negative effect. This study is meaningful in that it verified the moderating effect of self-efficacy from the perspective of empowerment for youth who complain of depression due to smartphone over dependence in the COVID-19. As a practical way to weaken the negative effects of smartphone over dependence in youth on depression, a plan to strengthen self-efficacy was suggested.

The play space, which is created to balance play and learning in school, is an important space area where teachers and students spend a lot of time communicating and interacting. Depending on what kind of experiences a child has during the growth and development process of the lower grades of elementary school, it has a great influence on school life and mental and physical development. The meaning of the play space in the learning area is very important when lower grade students who experience the kindergarten Nuri curriculum education policy and enter elementary school adapt to the rapidly changing educational environment and system. Through this, students in the lower grades will be able to adapt to an educational environment that can accommodate changes in the paradigm of teaching and learning through real life-centered subject-integrated classes, discussions, and collaborative learning, as well as form a community and learn social relationships. The direction of social change, such as the creation of a new play space, will be the flow of a new paradigm to respond to the future society. Therefore, this study aimed to look at the changing appearance of play spaces through performance analysis and types of school play space innovation projects, and to analyze the elements preferred by users for the elements of play spaces in the lower grades of elementary school considering the child-centered curriculum and developmental stage. Through this, we tried to suggest the direction of the play space composition in response to the future society.

his purpose of this study is to verify the moderating effect of the publicness of youth facilities on the relationship between resilience and organizational commitment of youth workers. The subjects of the study for analysis were 318 youth workers engaged in youth facilities. PROCESS macro model No. 1 was used for analysis and the moderation effect and the conditional direct effect among the variables were verified. The results of the study show. First, It was found that resilience of youth workers has a significant positive effect on the organizational commitment. Second, It was found that the awareness of publicness in youth facilities of youth workers has significant positive effect on the organizational commitment. Third, there is a moderating effect of an awareness of publicness in youth facilities of youth workers between resilience and organizational commitment. The findings from this study implied that the organizational commitment can be increased by promoting youth worker’s resilience and an awareness of publicness in youth facilities.

This study was conducted to find out the effect of ego resilience and self-esteem on career maturity of school dropout adolescents. In this study, the research question was set as follows. First, what is the relationship between ego resilience, self-esteem, and career maturity of adolescents who drop out of school? Second, how does the ego resilience and self-esteem of adolescents who drop out of school affect their career maturity? The subjects of this study were 326 adolescents who dropped out of school in G city and C city. Self-resilience scale, self-esteem scale, and career maturity scale were used as survey tools, and correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted as analysis methods. Looking at the results of this study, first, there was a significant correlation among ego resilience, self-esteem, and career maturity of school dropout adolescents. Second, it was found that the ego resilience and self-esteem of adolescents who dropped out of school had a significant effect on their career maturity. Through this study, implications and discussions on counseling and education for adolescents who dropped out of school were discussed.

This study aims to analyze the influence and Type of the architecture of Eben Ezra Roberts, a U.S. local architect in the early modern era, as the background of Oak Park's living culture. This aims is based on statistical quantification of the early modern architectural conditions and the role of architects in Oak Park, a local city adjacent to Chicago, the United States. Eben Ezra Roberts approached the Oak Park master architect, Frank Lloyd Wright which would not directly analyze Chicago's urban architecture or Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture. Statistics of auxiliary programs will be actively utilized to maintain the objectivity of research progress and to ensure fairness in data utilization. The conclusions drawn from this process are as follows: Unlike the early modern metropolitan city of Chicago, it was confirmed that it was a transformative period in which local architect Eben Ezra Roberts' popular functional architecture settled into a local living and cultural city. In addition, more than 250 architectures were built with more active and diverse architectural activities than master architect Frank Lloyd Wright, and it was confirmed that 137 of his architectures still function as daily living cultures of the city. Roberts can also be defined as developing his diverse architectural capabilities into the life-culture architecture of Oak Park's popular functions rather than imitating and following master architects.

The purpose of this study is to devise the on-the-job education contents for the workers supporting children's self-reliance. Literature on self-reliance support and its education system were reviewed, and the focus group interview was conducted to the three types of study participants including youth preparing self-reliance, current self-reliance workers at child welfare facilities, and the newly recruited self-reliance workers at the self-reliance centers. The MAXQDA software developed for the qualitative analysis was utilized. As a result, three subjects were identified: current environment in relation to self-reliance, worker competencies required for its provision, and education programs needed for self-reliance support. In addition, 6 categories and 15 sub-categories were selected. Based on the findings, the on-the-job education contents containing 34 subjects have been developed. Lastly, three policies were proposed: the systematic designing of education every year, understanding the youth deeply who prepare self-reliance, and improving the worker capacities in designing education plans.