Earticle

This research aims to develop a songwriting program using generative AI to enhance the interpersonal skills of adolescents attending non-accredited alternative schools. To achieve this, the study first identified key characteristics of these adolescents as well as relevant features of generative AI for songwriting. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 10 adolescents and 2 teachers from a non-accredited alternative school, followed by a focus group interview (FGI). The collected interview data were analyzed using the Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) method through consensus among the researchers. Based on the findings, a structured program was developed following the ADDIE instructional design model and subsequently revised based on feedback provided by five field experts. The finalized program consists of 10 sessions specifically designed to enable adolescents to easily participate through the use of AI, improve interpersonal skills via mutual communication, and experience the role of a music producer. Additionally, each session incorporates structured instruction to clearly convey the creative process and underlying principles, enabling participants to create both group and individual songs, thereby fostering a sense of achievement and sustained enjoyment.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of parents’ career support on college students’ career decision-making commitment and to verify the mediating effect of resilience and career decision-making self-efficacy in this relationship. To this end, 306 copies were collected by distributing questionnaires to university students living in four Chungcheong provinces, of which 303 copies were used for analysis. First, as a result of analyzing the correlation between parents’ career support, career decision-making commitment, resilience, and career decision-making self-efficacy perceived by college students, it was found that there was a significant positive correlation between all variables. Second, as a result of examining the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between parents’ career support and career decision-making commitment, it was found that it partially mediated. Third, as a result of examining the mediating effect of career decision-making self-efficacy in the effect of parents’ career support on career decision commitment, a partial mediating effect was confirmed. In conclusion, parental support is key to children's career decisions and confidence. These findings offer a basis for enhancing the career decision-making environment through parental involvement.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Nunchi on interpersonal competence among college students, with a focus on the mediating roles of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome(CDS) and communicative competence. Data were collected from 414 undergraduate students through structured questionnaires and analyzed using frequency analysis, correlation analysis, and bootstrapping with Model 6 of the PROCESS macro in IBM SPSS 29.0. The results demonstrated that Nunchi was significantly associated with interpersonal competence and that both CDS and communicative competence fully mediated this relationship. Higher levels of Nunchi were linked to lower CDS and greater communicative competence, which in turn enhanced interpersonal competence. Additionally, a sequential dual mediation effect was confirmed, underscoring the interconnected pathways through which Nunchi influences social functioning. These findings highlight the critical importance of reducing CDS tendencies and improving communicative competence to foster stronger interpersonal skills in university students. The study provides practical implications for the design of educational and counseling programs aimed at strengthening social adaptation and interpersonal development in young adults. Furthermore, the findings suggest that Nunchi serves not only as a culturally embedded social skill but also as a measurable psychological construct that can be utilized in interventions. Understanding its mediating mechanisms may contribute to more targeted support for students experiencing social or emotional difficulties in academic settings.

This study examined the effect of perceived social support on self-reliance preparedness among youth in residential care, focusing on the sequential mediating roles of self-efficacy and grit. A total of 117 adolescents from child welfare facilities in South Korea participated in the survey. Perceived social support was assessed across emotional, informational, evaluative, and material dimensions; self-efficacy included confidence, self-regulation, and task preference; and grit encompassed consistency of interest and perseverance. Using PROCESS Macro Model 6, results showed that perceived social support did not directly predict self-reliance preparedness. Instead, it had a significant indirect effect through a sequential pathway: higher social support increased self-efficacy, which enhanced grit, ultimately leading to improved self-reliance preparedness. This confirms the importance of internal psychological resources in supporting adolescents' transition to independent living. The findings highlight the need for youth support programs that integrate emotional and motivational development, beyond just material assistance.

As the problem of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents is becoming more serious, there is a need to establish an empirical basis for intervention strategies by identifying influencing factors. Accordingly, this study tests the influence of negative peer relationship on non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents and the moderated mediating effect of anxiety according to household economic level. This study utilized the PROCESS Macro method and data from the Korean Teenagers’ Mental Health Study. As a result of the analysis, negative peer relationship had a positive influence on non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents. Also, a partial mediating effect of anxiety was found. In that, the level of negative peer relationship increased the level of anxiety, which, in turn, increased the level of non-suicidal self-injury. In addition, the mediating effect of anxiety was moderated by household economic status. The mediating effect of anxiety became larger as the level of household economic status decreased. However, there was no difference according to household economic status in the direct influence of negative peer relationship on non-suicidal self-injury. Lastly, this study proposes strategies to intervene in the problem of non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents through their peer relationship.

This study aimed to understand youth's perceptions of youth spaces and further identify the types of youth spaces they desire. For this purpose, a metaphor analysis was conducted on 965 middle and high school students in D Metropolitan City regarding "spaces necessary for youth." Among these, 515 valid responses were analyzed using TF analysis, K-Means clustering, and LDA topic modeling. The analysis results showed that TF analysis revealed a high desire for basic functions of space and rest, with "rest," "home," "school," and "safety" being frequently mentioned. K-Means clustering identified four types of youth's multifaceted perceptions: "safe self-development space," "rest space without feeling watched," "school space," and "cozy home-like space." LDA topic analysis indicated that youth spaces are perceived as needing to be deeply connected to various aspects of life, including psychological stability, personal growth, social relationship formation, leisure and rest, needs fulfillment, and self and career exploration, beyond merely physical facilities. In conclusion, the findings clearly suggest that youth spaces should evolve into multifunctional, youth-centered spaces that are closely linked to the complex needs of youth. This study holds significance by objectively analyzing youth's inner perceptions of space and providing both objective realities and desired subjective perspectives through their metaphorical expressions. It offers academic and practical implications, contributing to the future establishment of youth space policies and operational directions. Through this, it is hoped that youth's perceptions and perspectives will be reflected in the future configuration of youth spaces.

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of planned happenstance skills in the relationship between career myth and career decision-making level among young adults preparing for employment. Data were collected through an online survey administered to college students and recent graduates nationwide, with a total of 198 valid responses included in the final analysis. Statistical analyses such as descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis for each variable were conducted using SPSS 27.0. The mediating effect was assessed using hierarchical regression analysis, and statistical significance was tested through the Sobel Test and Bootstrapping. The results indicate that career myth has a significant negative effect on career decision-making level, and planned happenstance skills have a significant positive effect on career decision-making level. Furthermore, planned happenstance skills were found to partially mediate the relationship between career myth and career decision-making level. This finding highlights the importance of psychological resources in overcoming the negative impact of irrational beliefs on career development. The significance of this research lies in empirically confirming the mediating role of planned happenstance skills, thus providing foundational data for the development of career counseling and educational interventions aimed at enhancing flexible career decision-making among young adults. These results offer practical implications for designing programs that both address career myths and foster planned happenstance skills, ultimately supporting youth in making adaptive and proactive career choices in an uncertain labor market.

Contemporary public libraries have evolved beyond their traditional function of providing information, becoming multifaceted spaces that meet a wide range of social demands, including serving as community hubs, centers for learning and exchange, places for relaxation, and catalysts for urban regeneration. Amid these changes, the interior spaces of libraries now exhibit a spatial specificity in which public and private activities coexist, necessitating meticulous planning and design. In this context, furniture plays a pivotal role—not merely as physical fixtures, but as elements that define spatial structure and shape user experience. Particularly in stay-type libraries, furniture must be multifunctional and adaptable, providing comfort and efficiency to users who remain for extended periods through ergonomic design and technological integration. Modular furniture, mobile bookshelves, and adjustable tables and chairs maximize spatial utility and support diverse activities, thereby enhancing the overall quality of the library experience. Furthermore, the aesthetic qualities of furniture significantly shape the atmosphere of libraries, influencing user satisfaction and acting as a catalyst for increased visits and longer stays. Today, furniture extends beyond functional utility to foster communication and collaboration within the community, and it has emerged as a key element in reinforcing the identity of libraries as essential spaces for learning and culture within local communities.

This study employs a theoretical approach to examine the role of furniture in modern libraries. It draws upon existing research on furnishings and utilises a case study analysis to categorise furnitecture according to its characteristics. Firstly, the type of shelter established an area for individuals while also acting as a medium to facilitate communication with other users. Furthermore, it can secure territoriality and openness by dividing the space into units of areas. Secondly, the vertical architectural structure type is predominantly comprised of wall-mounted bookshelves, which facilitate an unobstructed view from the interior to the exterior while regulating the visual relationship between areas and the macroscopic space division within the library. In contrast, the horizontal architectural structure type is conducive to maintaining spatial vision according to height, thereby allowing for the convenient accommodation of small lectures and an array of book-related programs within a relatively open setting. Thirdly, the hybrid type exhibits the characteristics of community-type furniture, as it is designed to accommodate the physical conditions of various users and allows them to read and interact naturally with their neighbours. Fourthly, modular units can be combined in a variety of shapes to create diverse zone configurations and spatial arrangements. In light of these considerations, the furniture utilized in modern libraries has been designed with an emphasis on the delineation of space and the facilitation of user interaction. When examining the integration of furniture within the context of space and furniture, it becomes evident that such integration is undertaken in response to the diverse requirements of library spaces.