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And “The Seagull”, this paper tried to discuss the attitude of the literature in World War II in the heart of the “eight days in December.” I think whether it is not wrote in mind the adjudication of war you hear is not a “bad reputation” toward you so “horrible” does it “hear something. You hear whispers.” Of “The Seagull” and the next <I> can not do anything of the “eight days in December” is <master> is “dumb”, is a person of “Abo”, was holed up in their own world, Toru Kitagawa I was at the time overlaps with that said, “the fate of literature” is. However, “even human,” “inferior”, human waste “Where was notable only privately financed insisted the ball,” said “alive somehow as a” strange animal. And from the fact that the “strange animal” “lacking teeth tattered” “I is said to be” Tsuji Musicians whitebeard Iru it paid off in the road take a lifetime Vuaiorin Ogurai dew, the violin in chaos He plays “Tsuji Musicians” was overlapped with attitude attitude toward art was looking Dazai and literature. But at the end, was to give us peace about by “Tsuji Musicians” was looking for “puddle” of that “kingdom” can “and the one most.” I mean, it was felt from the “puddle” “Musicians Tsuji,” the attitude of the literature is the “sanity” to live to “determined purpose” to it would have been a literature of desire. Is to keep possession a “belief” and “insane”, and the foundation “contrition, confession, remorse” to be Dazai was trying to convey, he tried to go forward without succumbing to age is not a literary war it will be said to be the work.

Today, we face how to create sustainable community in Japan.　In this paper, I’ve tried to re-construct the Tsurumi Kazuko’s endogenous development theory, for community building.　　 First is to define the concept of “region” and “community”. Next is to clear the principle of connecting and cooperating with inhabitants and outsiders. Third is to discuss about new theory of endogenous development, for community building.

Launch of floating exchange rates expected that the exchange rate volatility increase. Previous research, such as Bartove el at(1996) shows that a significant increase in volatility of monthly stock returns corresponding to the period of increased exchange rate variability after switching from fixed to floating exchange rates and interpret that exchange rate is one of systematic risk. In this study, we test whether significant changes in stock return volatility, market risk, and foreign exchange rate risk exposures took place for 873 Asian countries’ firms. Focusing on three four-year periods around the launch of floating exchange rates after experiencing currency crisis in 1997, we find a significant increase in volatility of monthly stock returns corresponding to the period of increased exchange rate variability, but unlike the previous study the exchange rate exposure was reduced.

From Russian empire and the Soviet Union to the present Russian Federation the historical and cultural task for Russia is how to unite diverse racial and ethnic groups and to establish the firm foundation of sovereignty. Russian cinema which is linked to national projects, in its turn, contributes to create 'the Imaginary construction of a sense of national identity' in various ways. Even going further, from the era of Soviet Union Russian cinema started stepping forward to attempt on integration of Eurasian racial and ethnic groups into single category of 'Sovietness'. In this sense, Vsevolod Pudovkin's film Potomok Chingis-khana (1928) emphasized the socialistic brotherhood between Mongol and Soviet Union along with the Eurasianism which was generated in 1920s. At the same time, Potomok Chingis-khana as a paradigm for the new conventions for reconciling center and periphery would play an important part to justify the imperial tendency of Soviet Union by embracing Mongolian as new socialistic Eurasian hero. Most intriguingly of all, a series of contemporary Russian films propagate the myth of Eurasian heroes who were integrated into Russian cultural field. Thus, Nikita Mikhalkov's film Urga, Territory of Love (1991), Sergei Bodrov's film Kochevnik (2006), Mongol (2007) and Andei Borisov's Secret of Chingis Khan (2009) should be classified as such films which unite across the spatial divide of Europe and Asia according to Neo-Eurasianism by territorialization of myth and ‘imagined community’.

The goal of This paper is to overcome the limitations of the existing research focused on the causes of Mingonghuang and to analyze the impact on the Chinese economy. Based on this, This paper presents Implications of Mingonghuang. In conclusion, the occurrence of Mingonghuang is not local and temporary, but is a nationwide and long-term. Its causes are as follows. First, in terms of economic, Promotion Policy of Midwest Region, Rural income growth, cost-of-living increase in Eastern Region. Second, in terms of population structure, The decrease of the birth rate, the reduction of rural floating population, expansion of college admissions, the imbalance in the sex ratio of newborns. As a result, Nongmingong to move in the direction of diversification, the Advancement of Chinese Industry, labor-management relations changes were observed. Considering these circumstances, Korea enterprises investing in China should strive to Enter the domestic market in China, Improve labor-management relations.

The paper finds the factors affecting the trend of using microblog in China in comparison with Korea. The paper focuses on social, economic and political factors, not information technology factors. The proportion of using microblog in China was 48.7 percents while that of Korea was 8.5 percents. In the proportion of using microblog, China is higher than Korea. The reasons are as follows. First, in China, microblog is more competitive than other internet services. Microblog is substitute for internet news service because a function of microblog is to report facts not reported by internet news service. Second, microblog is substitute for internet forum and BBS because they can build confidential on-line networks through microblog, and microblog has following-followers function. Third, Chinese is appropriate for microblog in comparison with other languages because Chinese is more concise than other languages.

Highly developed civilization derive many advantages, but result was became mechanical slaves to create a human feelings slowdown and emotional insensitivity. As a result, the mental and physical illness was brought. In this paper, on the computer used for an extended period of time, the side effects and health care example, should to reported. That proving of scientific data is important, but can be perceived at actual clinical have to observe symptoms and that is supposed to take on the day-to-day physical and emotional care want to seek ways. In this paper, clinical methods mentioned in the oldest medical books of the HUANG TI NEI CHING, in the category of alternative medicine has been developed from Western society Art therapy and ear reflexology treatment is applied in conjunction, at sequelae resulting from the use of the computer for a long time ways to improve was to find through art therapy approach from the concept of integrative medicine Health care. Computer and the Internet used for a long time was induced somatization of Nausea and vomiting, Tingling, symptoms, myalgia Etc. from 10 hours at a day, in a week 4 or 5 times, about 15 weeks. Emotions phenomenon was observed Etc. lethargy, irritability increased, aggression, anxiety without reason in the process. This started somatization were care oriental medicine and alternative medical approaches. This study proceeded Food Therapy and Manipulative Therapy (Ear reflexology) for healing after completing the experiment. Art therapy was carried out in the whole process of care. Per person and the individual differences and person get different results depending on the environment. Want to play the role of a stepping stone to study the side effects and complications due to Prolonged use of a computer for health care to come.

Since China's reform and opening-up strategy, especially with China's socialist marketing economic promotion and development, it is increasing the market mechanism in the allocation of labor resources. These make female employees face with market economy system to provide free employment and career development opportunities, but also make them is facing the huge pressure of competition. Therewith some female researchers think the space is relatively narrow for female obtaining employment because of market economy mechanism. Women are closed to “marginalization”. The female researchers proposed many constructive suggestions to how to improve women's social status. In this paper, the author analyses the present situation of the current women employment, how to affect women's employment system and cultural factors. From 1990 to 2010, for this 20 years, the gender employment unbalance is expanding. The employment rate decline mainly reflected in women. In addition, it is declining obviously for young female employment rate, and increasing for old women's employment rate. From the profession distribution, the women proportion reduces in the first industry, increases in the second and the third industry. But professional structure in non mainstreaming status. This paper, the author analyzes the impact of female employment social environment from the social system and cultural aspects. It discusses the countermeasures on how to promote women's employment from the legislation, policies and constructing gender equality.

China-Japan-South Korea Trilateral Summit was derived from ASEAN 3 summit, and the cooperation between countries has been strengthened since 1999. In response to financial crisis that originated in the United States in 2008, there was a need for consultation and mutual adjustment of domestic support and international cooperation. The summit has been taking place regularly since 2008, although regularization of Trilateral Summit in 2008 caused dissatisfaction among ASEAN countries. The purpose of this paper is to obtain economic implications of economic cooperation summit from the three countries' perspective in the context of regional economic cooperation which was institutionalized by the summit. China, Japan and South Korea are all located in the middle of East Asia, having their voices that can influence world. Trilateral Summit office was established in 2011 in Seoul to accelerate economic cooperation in the region. The expected economic implication of Trilateral Summit is signing FTA agreement between countries. Ħ Currently, ASEAN+3 are the key body to represent its interest in East Asia although they have problems to solve. Moreover, the United States and Russia joined the East Asia Summit (EAS), opening to the possibility of clash between China and Japan for the regional hegemony. ASEAN+3 have no effective function to enhance cooperation. Therefore Trilateral Summit is so important.

조직 내에서 실제 업무 수행 실적보다 더 높게 인사 고과 평가를 하는 것은 동서양의 문화적 차이에 상관없이 흔히 나타나는 현상이다. 이러한 과대 실적 평가는 조직 내 인사 평가에 대한 일관된 기준이 명확하게 규정되어 있지 않기 때문에 발생한다. 또한, 인사 평가는 업무 외적으로 많은 노력과 시간을 요하며, 그에 반해 이에 대한 보상은 충분히 주어지지 않기 때문에 조직 내에서 정확한 업무 평가를 하기 보다는 상호간의 긍정적인 관계 유지를 위해 실제 업무 수행보다 상대적으로 더 관대한 평가를 하려는 경향을 보인다. 이러한 과대 평가 현상이 조직 생산성에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 밝히기 위해, 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 부적 업무 결과와 긍정적 평가로 인한 모순된 정보가 반복적으로 제공될 경우 장기적으로는 목표 설정, 헌신도, 자기 효능감과 같은 조직원들의 업무 동기에 부적인 영향을 미칠 것임을 검증하고자 하였다. 한편, 문화의 다양성과 관련하여 이러한 부적 영향은 서양의 개인주의 문화권에서 더 높게 나타나는 반면, 동북아 집단주의 문화에서는 조직에 대한 소속감과 충성심, 애착이 중요하므로 실제 업무 수행 결과에 대한평가의 정확성보다는 긍정적인 평가가 조직 내의 업무 동기를 유지 할 수 있을 것임을 실험적으로 증명하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 조직원들에게 업무 수행 결과와 불일치하는 긍정적 평가를 내리는 것에 대한 주의를 요하는 이론적인 기반을 마련하며, 동시에 집단주의 문화가 지배적인 동북아 문화권에서 조직원의 동기를 유지하는데 활용도가 있을 것으로 기대한다.