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The rescission right of the creditor is an ancient debt-preserving system, which is a civil law system that guarantees the repayment of debt by way of maintaining the value of the debtor’s liability assets.The creditor’s right of rescission as stipulated in the Contract Law of China is only a technically alternative method adopted in the civil law legislation in China. Although it provides the legal basis for the creditor to exercise its right of rescission, it is only applicable in the preservation of debts arising from contracts. Moreover, currently the exercise of the creditor’s right of rescission is subject to strict conditions, and the existing law and regulations lacks explicit rules on some of the conditions while other conditions are too strict to the creditor. Therefore, in China, the system of the creditor’s right of rescission in civil law needs the further improvement by the legislation or judicial interpretations.Comparing with China, especially through the more and more cases about the creditor’s right of rescission of civil law from 1997 by the economic crisis of Asia, Korea has more developed theories and experiences about this system.So the purpose of this study is to improve the legislation and judicial interpretations of the creditor’s right of rescission of civil law in China by way of the comparison between Korea and China.By comparing the theories and cases existing in Korea with the comprehensive integration of the current state of legislation and practice of China, this thesis mainly does a comparative research on several issues of the creditor’s right of rescission of civil law, such as the meaning and nature (Chapter 2), the basic elements of establishment (Chapter 3), the effects of exercise (Chapter 4), and so on. Finally, probing into the expectation and the future problems, especially the unification plan of this legal system, even treat of the unification of it between the East-Asian countries.The methods used in this study is known as the macro comparison and the micro comparison, the dynamic comparison and the static comparison. Furthermore, the charts also be used for explanation.In the judicial practice, there are always situations where the debtor conducts act of disposal on the assets by adopting the way other than those stipulated in the laws and regulations, which may harm the creditor’s right. By conforming to the objective and spirit of the legislation of the creditor’s right of rescission, this study contends that only by reasonable extension of the application of the creditor’s right of rescission will it be able to maintain the principles of fairness and honesty, so that the creditor’s right of rescission can truly meet the internal requirements when designing such legal system. As for the creditor’s right of rescission of civil law, the comparison clearly shows that in theory better the Korean opened way than the current conservation way in China, but in practice a long course may be needed.

最近韩国有人主张需要引进司法协助者减刑制度。若有犯罪嫌疑人的协助，较容易查明罪行的全貌，然而由于缺乏确切相应设置，许多真实就此被隐没了。就罪行之后的表现来定刑罚减刑事由的消极立法是无法对应当前的犯罪现象和侦查现状。而中国以法律保障了立功制度。立功是指犯罪分子揭发其他犯罪分子的重大罪行得到证实的，或者提供重要线索、证据，从而得以侦破其他重大案件的，或者协助司法机关缉捕其他罪犯的。对其可予以减刑或免刑而言。中国的立法制度1951年规定于特别刑法上。自行向人民政府真情自首悔罪者，或者揭发检举之前或之后真情后悔自行悔罪者应参酌情节从轻或者减刑或免刑。此后，新中国最早的1979年刑法典将建国当初始确立的'立功'藉以3个条文正式明文规定于刑法典上。即为死刑徒刑立功(46条)、自首立功(63条)、减刑立功(71条)，从而形成了中国刑法上立功制度的基本构造。立功制度就此以各种形态发展下来。1997年刑法典经以往累积的立法经验和司法上的经验更加发展了立功制度。较以过去设立了更加明确、有体系的独立立功和相关处罚规定。原79年的3个条文到97年刑法典增加了4个条文，定有死刑徒刑立功(50条)、量刑立功(68条)、行刑立功(78条)、特殊立功(449条)等。如前所述死刑徒刑立功设于涉及死刑的条文上，量刑立功定于自首和立功节的‘自首’之后。中国刑法第68条第2款规定“犯罪后自首，或者有重大立功时应减刑或免刑”。此乃自首并有重大立功时有关‘自首犯的立功’规定。虽然刑法典上有明文规定，然而因缺乏明确性实践上多有难处。制定 〈司法解释〉来解决实践上的问题。例如一般立功和重大立功不易区别，对此〈司法解释〉上有所规定。一般立功运用于量刑阶段可从轻或者减轻处罚。另外在刑罚执行时可予以减刑。重大立功在量刑阶段予以罪犯减刑或者免刑。刑罚执行阶段则必须减刑。如果在死刑徒刑中有重大立功时可处以有期徒刑15年以上20年以下的刑罚。战争时犯罪军人立功时可取消其前案记录。如此按各阶段较详细规定了对立功的处罚程度，具备使罪犯赋予了可立功的动机而将隐藏的犯罪案件得以揭发的法律制度。韩国也要借鉴这样的立功制度应制定对司法协助者减刑的法律制度。

刑事犯罪年龄低龄化的问题日益突出, 且犯罪手段残忍, 后果严重, 趋向成人化犯罪. 对于低龄化犯罪应当引起整个社会的普遍关注和重视. 如何解决犯罪低龄化问题, 是一个值得研究的话题. 造成犯罪低龄化的原因虽然是多方面的, 但最主要的原因是未成年人的生理心理处于一种不成熟不稳定的朦胧状态, 免疫能力相对较差, 不仅缺少辨别是非善恶的能力, 而且也极易受到社会不良风气和一些违法行为的引诱和侵蚀, 他们在好奇心和寻找刺激的心理驱使下, 容易上当受骗. 其次, 社会关爱和家庭教育也是一个来容忽视的方面, 对于未成年人出现犯罪, 就社会而言, 更多地是出现歧视, 就家庭而言, 既有过于溺爱的原因, 也有缺少家庭温暖的结果. 如果将降低刑事责任年龄作为减少未成年人犯罪的一条途径, 则是头痛医头, 脚痛医脚, 是一种短期行为, 不但不能从根本上解决问题, 反而会扩大打击范围, 将会使更多的未成年人被列入刑法追究的视线, 受到刑法的调整. 因此, 仅靠修改刑法的犯罪年龄来遏制未成年人犯罪, 则是扩大了刑法特殊预防的功能, 这不仅对整个社会不利, 而且对于未成年人今后的成长也极为不利, 可以说, 降低刑事责任年龄的做法只是一种消极的行为, 不符合社会发展的要求.从中国的刑法规定来看, 将刑事责任年龄划分为三个阶段, 一是已满十六周岁的人犯罪, 应当负刑事责任, 为完全负刑事责任年龄阶段. 二是已满十四周岁不满十六周岁的人, 犯刑法规定的八类罪的, 应当负刑事责任, 为相对负刑事责任年龄. 三是不满十四周岁的人不管实施何种危害社会的行为, 都不负刑事责任, 为完全不负刑事责任年龄. 中国刑法之所以规定这样的犯罪年龄段, 其目的是为了有效地关心少年儿童的健康成长, 对于他们发生危害行为时, 坚持教育为主、惩罚为辅的方针, 着重于教育、改造、挽救, 即使对极度少数非处罚不可的进行处罚, 其目的还是为了教育.

关于可转换公司债券中国公司法中只设有两条规定, 还不够充分规范对多数利害关系人有重大意义的可转换公司债券的发行与转让, 因此通过制定行政法规来填补其空白。虽然行政法规较为详细地规定了关于可转换公司债券的发行、转换以及公司债债权人的保护, 使得法律关系更为明确, 但是现行法律法规仍然不够完善, 存在若干问题。比如法定资本制度下增资程序的复杂导致可转换公司债券发行以及转换的不便, 严格地要求发行主题、发行条件, 这使可转换公司债券制度不能作为普遍的筹集资本方法。法律制度的不完善是阻碍可转换公司债券发行的重要原因之一。为了使中国可转换公司债制度更好地发展, 需要分析相关法规所存在的问题, 以及寻找相应的改善方案。本文通过比较分析韩国以及其他国家的相关制度的方法, 指出一些问题并提出几个建议。本文的主要内容为：首先, 可转换公司债潜在地拥有股份的性质, 它与普通公司债不同, 与资本制度以及新股发行有密切的关系, 因此分析公司法中的有关制度。其次, 详细介绍中国法上可转换公司债券的发行主题, 发行条件, 发行程序。再次, 由于可转换公司债券的发行存在股份总数的增加以及新股东增加的可能性, 因此在违法、不公正发行可转换公司债券时, 公司原有股东利益会受到侵害。在这种情况下, 中国法上发生纠纷的解决方法主要有民事诉讼法上无效确认诉讼以及股东大会决议瑕疵诉讼。本文分析这两种诉讼是否适合违法、不公正发行的可转换公司债券的救济措施。

经营者集中是中国反垄断法的重要领域之一。本文主要从以下几个方面分析经营者集中的申报制度、审查制度、法律责任、执法情况和主要案例, 并向韩国有关部门提出一些粗浅建议或对策。为了加强对经营者集中反垄断审查的执法力度, 中华人民共和国商务部(以下简称“商务部”)新设了反垄断局,并制定了≪经营者集中反垄断审查办事指南≫等有关的部门规章, 也大幅强化了对执法工作人员的培训。经营者集中制度主要规定了事前审查、事前商谈、反垄断审查、国家安全审查制度以及法律责任,也规定了在国外进行经营者集中的申报义务(即,采用域外适用制度)。其中,反垄断审查大致分为初步审查和进一步审查阶段。在反垄断审查过程中,商务部(反垄断局)综合考虑对经营者集中的限制竞争性因素(即,相关市场的市场集中程度、市场进入条件等)和公共性因素(即,经营者集中对消费者或国民经济发展的影响)。经营者集中具有或可能具有排除、限制竞争效果的,商务部应当做出禁止经营者集中的决定。但是,经营者能够证明该集中具有经济效率性或符合社会公共利益的,可以不予禁止。从最近商务部做出的禁止或者附加限制性条件批准的决定,我们可以看出反垄断审查倾向于重视市场支配地位传导可能性、保护民族品牌、重视商谈制度等。关于违反经营者集中法规的法律责任,≪反垄断法≫只对当事人追究行政责任(即,停止实施集中、限期处分股份或者资产、转让营业等的纠正措施和罚款)和民事责任,并没有涉及刑事责任,也没有区分违反申报义务和限制竞争性经营者集中的法律责任。另外,对商务部做出的禁止或者附加限制性条件批准的决定不服的,必须先依法申请行政复议,然后才能依法提起行政诉讼。为提高对经营者集中反垄断审查的透明度和客观性,中国经营者集中制度还需要完善限制竞争性和国家安全审查的具体判断标准。韩国有关部门也可以借鉴一些良好的制度(即,设置行政服务中心、对申报人商业秘密的保护措施,对未达申保标准涉嫌垄断的经营者集中的调查处理和证据收集的法定化等)。

回顾中国农村建设用地制度的改革历程, 从1978年的发端, 直至各地农村建设用地直接入市的实践, 以及出台的地方性法规, 其间已是31年。由此国土资源部的一位官员说到：“这是中国转轨时期制度变革的典型路径——实践先于法律。” 但是, 上有国务院文件, 下有持续十多年的各地基层试点, 农村建设用地入市的全国性改革措施和法规仍然难以出台。这背后有法律的障碍, 也有地方政府和财政体制的制约, 还与税收政策有关, 在具体操作上也面临诸多具体问题。土地是农民的命根子, 农村集体土地制度的完善直接影响到“三农”问题的解决, 影响到新农村的建设, 甚至影响到全国经济体制的根本变革以及和谐社会的建立。因此, 我们期待关于农村集体建设用地的全国性法规及相关的配套规定早日出台, 而这些法律法规的创设, 一定要从健全集体土地产权制度、加强农村建设用地使用权流转的规范管理出发, 明确农村建设用地流转的条件、期限和范围、适当限定农村建设用地使用权流转的土地用途。同时要规范现行土地征收制度、完善土地收益的分配管理制度、创设农村建设用地使用权的消灭制度和农村建设用地使用权流转的法律责任, 赋予农民真正的支配权和自由流转权, 以确实保证农民成为真正的市场主体, 确保其应享有的权益, 分享到社会主义市场经济体制改革成果的利益。

China has protected agriculture for agricultural development and modernization based upon Chinese ｢Agricultural Law｣ section 3 “Nation situated agriculture on the head position of national economic development”. China has been providing agricultural subsidies as a reason of food security and has been also increasing direct subsidies to accelerate farm reformation and to eradicate poverty of farmers. The paper analyzes current legislation of agricultural subsidies in China under the WTO framework. China’s policies of agricultural subsidies has improved, but some of them are still invalidate WTO rules and its legislation is disordered. This is because China’s policies of agricultural subsidies are formed under the socialist market economy. The paper, first of all, describes rules of agricultural subsidies under the WTO framework. Then it analyzes China’s legislation of agricultural subsidies and the situation of disputes in the area of agricultural subsidies. And then it ends by suggesting characteristics and problems of China’s policies and legislation of agricultural subsidies.

After the Supreme Court holds the final Judgement in the name of Law, the interested parties should obey the judgement. It is a character of Law. The Obedience toward the Law. What is the Origin of this Character.The advent of “法(Fa)” was a academic incident in light of legal history society. It was the Age of Warring States that the Chinese character Fa(法) “法(Fa)” ranked among the Norms. At the time of entrance, ethos was that they needed new noble standard, in the one hand, and strong ruling device, in another hand. The Chinese character “法(Fa)” met the requirements. The Chinese character “法(Fa)” contained different 2 meanings, one was “support(效)”, another was “destroy(廢)”. The chinese legal positivism(法家) at that time satisfied with the opposite different meanings. They took the Chinese character “法(Fa)” in order to reflect their idea. It was the first time of appearance of “法(Fa)” that was so called as the origin of Chinese law that meant “ruling device”. New theory are put forward.When the God predicted through the Rite, the officiating priests carried out the predictions the those who participated the ceremonial rite. In the performance of rites there were the kinds of Structure. The one was a mental structure. The another was a behavior structure. We called it as a Structure of Oracle. The Chinese character Fa(法) also had the same two structures. As was the case with the Fa, it had the obedience as well. The Fa obtained the power of obedience of Divine Message. This is the reason why those who have something to do with a suit obeyed the consequence of action blindly.