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Urban flooding has become a major global challenge, causing economic losses, infrastructure damage, and social inequalities. This study examines the evolution of urban flood risk research through a bibliometric and critical review of 60 studies (59 peer-reviewed publications and one grey-literature source admitted under a pre-specified exception) published between 2011 and 2026. Using VOSviewer, it maps keyword networks, thematic clusters, and research trends. The findings show that a city's economic status influences the effectiveness of flood mitigation infrastructure. Grey infrastructure performs better under moderate rainfall, whereas green infrastructure and topographic factors become more important during extreme flood events. Income inequality is identified as a stronger predictor of flood-related mortality than per-capita GDP, suggesting that equity-focused adaptation strategies may be more effective than economic growth alone. The review also reveals significant research imbalances, particularly the limited representation of Sub-Saharan Africa, and highlights that nearly half of nature-based flood solutions lack empirical evidence. Six major research gaps are identified, emphasizing the need for stronger evidence, standardized monitoring, governance integration, and greater attention to inequalities in urban flood resilience research.

This methodological study developed and established the content validity of an AI-supported nursing consultation protocol for international patients undergoing aesthetic surgery and procedures, focusing on patient safety and risk escalation. Following literature and regulatory reviews, 10 multidisciplinary experts completed two rounds of content validation. The preliminary 64-item protocol showed I-CVI values of .70–1.00 and an S-CVI/Ave of .89. Based on expert feedback, 12 items were revised, five were consolidated into three, two were deleted, and 10 were added. The final 70-item protocol comprised six modules: preprocedural consultation, postprocedural care, risk classification, AI–clinician linkage, ethical safeguards, and documentation and quality management. Second-round I-CVI values were .80–1.00, with an S-CVI/Ave of .94. The protocol provides a content-validated framework for multilingual assessment, symptom monitoring, risk escalation, human oversight, and structured documentation; clinical feasibility and safety outcomes require further evaluation.

This study explores the structural links among participative leadership, psychological capital, job satisfaction, and task performance during organizational crises and examines psychological capital's mediating role. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on 441 matched employee self-reports and peer ratings, the findings show participative leadership positively influences psychological capital, job satisfaction, and task performance. Psychological capital is strongly and positively associated with both job satisfaction and task performance, and it partially mediates the effects of participative leadership on these outcomes. These results suggest that in uncertain organizational environments, participative leadership builds employees' psychological resources, which act as a key pathway for job attitudes and performance. However, as the study does not directly assess crisis intensity or perceived threat, these findings should be interpreted within the context of leadership, psychological resources, and work outcomes in a crisis-experienced sample.

Purpose: This study investigates how authority relations relate to internal evidence flow in South Korean and Nigerian public organizations. It examines how information moves across bureaucratic hierarchies before evidence utilization in relation to fear of authority and power distance. Design/Methodology: 202 public officials were surveyed from South Korea's Ministry of SMEs and Startups (MSS) and Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, and ordinary least squares regression were employed. Findings: Power distance was positively associated with fear of authority. Fear of authority was not significantly associated with perceived internal evidence flow. Marginal-effects analysis showed that power distance was positively associated with perceived internal evidence flow in the Nigerian sample but not the South Korean sample. Implications: Authority structures may facilitate or constrain internal evidence flow, depending on institutional context. Originality/Value: The study advances comparative public administration by distinguishing power distance from fear of authority and demonstrates that their association with internal evidence flow is context-specific.

The fertility rate in South Korea has declined, recording one of the world’s lowest levels in recent years. In response, the government has implemented childbirth promotion policies, although these policies have not sufficiently addressed employment-related conditions around marriage and childbirth. Due to economic instability and changes in personal values, the fertility rate has failed to rebound. These circumstances, in which women consider employment, marriage, and childbirth from the perspective of opportunity costs, suggest that policies should consider employment opportunities before marriage and job stability after marriage. This study examines employment-related vulnerability associated with predicted fertility intentions among married women, using an LGBM model and Shapley values. The findings suggest that pre-marriage employment experience and post-marriage career continuity are associated with higher predicted fertility intentions, while the absence of pre-marriage employment is associated with lower predicted fertility intentions. These findings highlight the applicability of childbirth promotion policies in considering employment-related vulnerability across the life course, particularly in identifying policy target groups in low-fertility societies.

Whether the Republic of Korea co-sponsors the annual United Nations resolution on North Korean human rights has, since the mid-2000s, served as a barometer of each administration’s posture toward Pyongyang. Conservative governments co-sponsored the resolution for eleven consecutive years (2008–2018), the Moon Jae-in government abstained for three years (2019–2021), and co-sponsorship subsequently resumed. Drawing on Putnam’s two-level game, the spiral model of human-rights socialization, and a five-indicator Inter-Korean Relations Temperature Index for 2008–2025, the analysis finds that participation decisions reflect the width of the domestic Level II win-set rather than a stable normative commitment. The claim that abstention improves inter-Korean relations is not empirically supported: the mean temperature during abstention (1.50) was lower than during co-sponsorship (1.73), while the record high of 4.0 in 2018 occurred during a co-sponsorship period. Although these descriptive associations do not establish causality, they undermine the principal justification for abstention. The article therefore recommends consistent, de-coupled co-sponsorship and the institutionalization of human-rights diplomacy beyond the electoral cycle.

This study analyzes changes in unification perceptions among North Korean defectors using data from two waves of a panel survey. The main variables include Necessity of Unification, perceived benefits of unification, preferred mode of unification, preferred post-unification residence, conceptualization of unified state and perceived barriers to unification. In addition, the study examines how changes in unification perception are related to South Korean identity, South Korean Adaptation. The findings reveal that these perceptions are complex in nature, simultaneously exhibiting stability and susceptibility to change. While the perceived necessity of unification remained high across both waves, the perceived benefits of unification were subject to change depending on respondents' lived experiences in South Korea. These results suggest that understanding North Korean defectors' perceptions of unification requires consideration not only of normative attitudes toward unification, but also of their settlement experiences and material living conditions.

This study examined the effects of social support from family and friends on despair among middle-aged men and investigated the mediating role of relative deprivation. Based on the Stress Main Effect Model, Social Comparison Theory, and the Cry of Pain Model, data from 233 Korean men in their 50s were analyzed using path analysis. Emotional support from family and informational support from friends were negatively associated with relative deprivation, while relative deprivation was positively associated with despair. The direct effects of social support on despair were not statistically significant. However, relative deprivation significantly mediated the relationships between emotional support from family and despair and between informational support from friends and despair. These findings suggest that social support may reduce despair indirectly by alleviating relative deprivation. The results highlight the importance of strengthening social support and reducing relative deprivation to mitigate despair among middle-aged men.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) in reducing body image anxiety among economically disadvantaged female college students and to explore its potential for preventing associated psychological risks. A single-case design was adopted involving a 22-year-old female college student who received a 12-week intervention. Semi-structured interviews, the Negative Body Self Scale, behavioral observations, and interviews with significant others were used to assess changes before and after the intervention. Results showed that the overall mean score on the Negative Body Self Scale decreased from 2.86 to 1.96, with improvements across all subdomains. Extreme dieting, appearance comparison, and weight-related anxiety decreased, while self-acceptance and social participation increased. The findings suggest that REBT helps separate body image from self-worth through cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation, thereby alleviating body image anxiety and improving psychological and social functioning. The intervention also showed potential for reducing body image-related psychological risks among economically disadvantaged female college students.

Nursing students often face language and cultural barriers when participating in global training programs, yet evidence on their long-term transformative experiences remains limited. This phenomenological study explored the essence of nursing students’ experiences in a 16-week major-related global training program in the United States to guide the internationalization of nursing education. In-depth interviews were conducted with six participants, and data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Four categories and 14 theme clusters emerged, moving from initial ambivalence and linguistic difficulties to professional rewards and broad perspectives. Although participants initially struggled in the unfamiliar environment, the 16-week immersion contributed to meaningful changes in their professional identity and nursing philosophy. These findings suggest that integrated global training may serve as a meaningful educational strategy for enhancing international competence and shaping professional self-concept. Consequently, this research provides practical baseline data for developing future major-related global training programs to prepare nursing students for the professional challenges of the global healthcare environment.