Earticle

Various accidents, including the 2014 Sewol ferry disaster, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic served as an opportunity to remind our society that we need to respond more actively to safety. The World Health Organization (WHO) promotes community-based injury prevention through the International Safe Community model. The Safe Community approach is a cost-effective and successful way to promote community safety. Busan Metropolitan City started the International Safe Community Program in 2009 to reflect the vulnerabilities and needs of citizens and realize scientific evidence-based stable administration. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively evaluate Busan's international safe community projects over the past 10 years, and to suggest future safety policies and business directions for Busan. We surveyed and compared the safety perceptions, perceptions, international safe community projects and demands for correction targeting Busan citizens and safety experts. It is necessary to reflect the research results in deriving future projects. Based on the findings of the study, it was possible to identify seven suggestions.

The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of the volunteer management experience of employees in charge of volunteer work at volunteer demand organizations. For gathering data, a focus group interview was conducted for about two hours at October 31, 2019 with 5 employees in charge of volunteering at volunteer demand organizations in Pyeongchang-gun. The collected data were analyzed by the thematic analysis used by Braun and Clarke. As a result of this study, two themes and 11 sub-themes were derived. The two themes are “Attempting various ways to recruit necessary volunteers” and “Inconvenience of sensitively managing volunteers with doubts about volunteering.” Based on these results, it was suggested to improve and enact ordinances, clarify the main body of volunteer management and strengthen its authority, establish a professional volunteer database, and prepare and implement systematic and consistent volunteer education, etc.

The purpose of this study is to establish strategies for the development of national crisis management policies in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) is considered the most remarkable information and communication technology. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a national crisis management policy based on artificial intelligence. In order to achieve the research objectives, the government's crisis management capabilities were analyzed to analyze strengths and weaknesses. We analyze the external environment to analyze opportunities and threats. The factors analyzed were selected for strategic planning after consulting with experts in the fields of information and communication technology, security and disaster. As a result of analyzing the selected major factors, the development strategy was established by selecting factors that affect the development of national crisis management policies based on artificial intelligence. This is suggested as a national strategy for the development of national crisis management policies in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.

The threat of state-sponsored terrorism by North Korea has a long history, dating back to the time when South Korea gained independence from Imperial Japan on August 15, 1945. North Korea's cyber-terrorism started at its Mirim University, established in 1981 under the direction of the deceased Kim Il-sung, and currently, the five-year based university, renamed Kim Il Military University, has produced about 100 cyber-terrorists every year, who have been appointed as a military officer in places such as automated staff of each military unit, cyber warfare command system establishment department, Labor Party Secretariat Investigation Department Room 35 and Liaison Department, People’s Armed Forces Reconnaissance Bureau Unit 121, and the psychological warfare unit of the Maneuvering Unit of Enemy Disintegration and are working as a cyber warfare or cyber terror agent. In addition, the threat is even greater because they have or are likely to commit cyber terrorism toward South Korea using China's three northeast provinces as a base. And the technology in the software field is evaluated at a world-class level. And since such cyber terrorism in North Korea cannot be expected to have the effect of ex post prevention, this study focused on countermeasures in legal, institutional, and technical perspectives for prevention.

The purpose of this research was to investigate how EFL college learners self-directed their English writing using MT in an English writing class. Specifically, this study focused on 1) What types of errors are identified the most frequently in the students’ writings?, 2) How those errors have been changed through the students’ self-directed revision process?, and 3) In what ways does this activity influence students’ perceptions toward English writing? The participants were six university students who took a 3-credit English writing class, and completed their writings using MT throughout the semester. The students’ written outcomes, in-depth interviews with them and results of writing tests were analyzed. The findings of data analysis indicated that first, the highest frequency of errors was seen in lexical errors at the rate of 65.5%, followed by morphological errors at the rate of 19.7%. Second, there has been a significant decrease in the overall types of errors between the first (35.0%) and second (20.9%) drafts, from the no-use of MT to the use of MT. Lastly, it can be said that the MT-assisted writing practice which took place during a short period of time had positive influence on students’ perceptions toward English writing. Implications for online classes in the Corona era are presented.

This study aims to identify the effectiveness of hybrid English classes using multimedia based-materials (MBM) on college students’ cognitive domain. In order to accomplish this purpose, this study focused on examining how college students’ achievement has been changed after engaging in hybrid English classes using MBM for a year. Among 80 college students who took a general English course for a year, 40 students in the experimental group engaged in both online classes using MBM and offline classes. The other 40 students in the control group took offline classes. After four times of achievement tests, collected test results were analyzed quantitatively by descriptive statistical analysis and a t-test using SPSS version 24. The results of data analysis revealed that hybrid English classes using MBM have a significant effect on students’ achievement. Based on the results, this study suggests some pedagogical implications for effective college English classes in the post-pandemic context.

This study analyzes change in public perceptions of Work-life balance (WLB) and factors that contribute to the impact on it during the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines changes in perception, differences in relation to individual characteristics, and factors affecting perception, using data from a public perception survey conducted in 2014 and 2021. The public perception of WLB reduced the perception of the importance and necessity of WLB in the COVID-19 pandemic in 202 compared to 2014. Second, differences were seen in the perception of WLB according to age, education level, and ideological orientation. In particular, respondents in their 20s and 30s recognized the need for WLB in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Third, the main factors affecting the perception of WLB were age, job type, ideological orientation, and trust in the government. The older the age, the lower the perception of the WLB, and ideological orientation had a positive (+) effect. Trust in Government had a positive (+) effect on the importance of a work label and a negative (-) effect on necessity. In addition, self-employment had a negative (-) effect on the lack of WLB, showing that the self-employed are strongly aware of the necessity of work rather than leisure in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study analyzed the effect of cultural worldviews on risk perception and denial of climate change through an online survey. We found that individualistic worldviews significantly affect individuals’ climate change risk perceptions, even when we controlled demographic and psychological factors. However, our analysis also indicated that cultural worldviews alone do not significantly impact on climate change denial, rather interactions with collective efficacy and uncertainty is significant in this regard. Specifically, among individuals with higher levels of uncertainty, those with higher hierarchical tendencies were more likely to deny climate change than those with lower hierarchical tendencies. Meanwhile, among individuals with low collective efficacy, those with higher hierarchical tendencies were more likely to deny climate change than those with lower hierarchical tendencies. This paper concludes by discussing the results from the perspective of the Korean context and explaining the practical implications of our findings for policymakers and climate change communicators.