Earticle

As technical civilization took place, material abundance got increased, but life became in a state where it is more insecure and precarious in which now anxiety is increasing. Since the collapse of Sampoong Department Store 20 years ago, until nowadays as Sewol Ferry Disaster, danger is lurking everywhere, and as more disasters occur, the more attention on safety is increasing. Fire Fighters, due to the instability of scene, are exposed to various stress and often experience a post-traumatic stress (PTS). PTS reduces concentration on job and its satisfaction, and causing turnover urge, causes a negative consequences on reducing the result of the organization. This study was to identify which variables are most important risky factor in fire fighters' PTS, progressed simple and multiple logistic regression. The risk factors of PTS of fire fighters are, age, period of working experience, current affairs, current job performance period, frequency of mobilization of past 1 year, the main stress-inducing tasks, group requiring no consultation, psychotherapy and any needs, and the group who hasn't used mental health service. Statistically significant predictor of post-traumatic stress were found to be frequency of mobilization of past 1year, group requiring no consultation, psychotherapy and any needs, and the group who hasn't used mental health service. As conclusion, Fire fighter’s PTS can be decreased by Putting fire fighters who has experienced traumatic events as targets, should discover a high-risk group in advance. It is necessary to develop a Critical incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) program. Through the linkage with the experts in the workplace, should maintain prevention and management on PTS.

“Effects” in the fields of academics, business and social life reflect their inherent laws. A new concept of “the K&Q Effect” is proposed. The K&Q Effect is a phenomenon with causal relationship which gives up the less valuable parts and obtains the more valuable parts to achieve holistic goals by comparing and evaluating comprehensively, limited by time, resources and capacity. The K&Q Effect rooted in Chinese chess and exists in game theory, trade war tactics, elections and management decision-making nowadays. However, the K&Q Effect is more obvious and complicated in emergency management. This paper introduces the sources of the K&Q Effect as well as its definition and essence. The existence of the K&Q Effect in emergency rescue is demonstrated and the possibility to achieve its optimization is discussed.

This paper aimed to analyse the problems emersed in actual correspondence and suggest ways to improve the manual for crisis management. Following policy suggestions are aimed for prevention of such situation to recur. First, it is necessary to strengthen the flexibility of crisis alert system. Second, it is important to establish the system of report and level of direction for crisis. Third, it's important to strengthen crisis managing communication strategies among organizations. Lastly, intensified crisis management training (e. g., introducing simulations) should be held.

Future generations are inheriting a world filled with complex, environmental decisions to make on a global scale. In response, curriculum focused on humanity’s relationship with the environment is one of the fastest trending areas within higher education. Uniquely within the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities (MNSCU) system, all four-year universities require students to enroll in a “People and the Environment” course that contains learning outcomes focused on contemporary environmental challenges as well as the interconnectedness between the natural environment and human society. The current research examined these courses across three MNSCU universities through administering a pre- and post-course instrument to students that measured growth in environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The results indicate statistically significant differences between participants’ pre- and post- environmental knowledge scores, especially when compared to a larger sample of Minnesotans. Additionally, a post-course instrument administered to the faculty regarding their instructional methods suggests that specific instructional methods—including team teaching—were correlated with significant gains in student learning outcomes. Overall, the study reveals specific approaches in evaluating learning outcomes as well as best practices for future coursework based on environmental education.

Purpose: To propose suggestions for future direction of health informatics in Sri Lanka with the understanding of existing situation in Sri Lanka and world. Methodology: Online literature search from journal articles and other documents Findings: Application of Health Information System (HIS) in health informatics has been implemented on project basis at district level by facing various barriers. Experience of efficiency and effectiveness have been motivated to expand the application up to national level. Conclusion: Applications of health informatics in Sri Lanka is limited when comparing with other countries in the world due to various barriers.