Earticle

This study conducts a comparative analysis of wildfire response systems in the United States, Japan, and the European Union to derive implications for improving South Korea's wildfire management framework. As climate change intensifies wildfires globally, understanding effective governance structures becomes increasingly critical. The United States employs the Incident Command System (ICS) and National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC), providing standardized, scalable response structures. Japan integrates wildfire management within its Disaster Countermeasures Basic Act, emphasizing local engagement and clear responsibility delineation. The European Union demonstrates transnational coordination through its Civil Protection Mechanism and European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS). The analysis reveals South Korea faces challenges from institutional fragmentation, unclear command structures, and misalignment between reporting systems and resource allocation. Based on international best practices, this study recommends institutional reforms to clarify jurisdictional authorities, organizational restructuring to enhance initial response capabilities, and improved resource allocation strategies to develop a more integrated, efficient, and resilient wildfire management system for South Korea.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of different CPR methods by reenacting the case of a firefighter in cardiac arrest on fire scene. The research subjects were 62 firefighters from Gyeonggi-do, and 31 in the experimental group were given the (FD-CPR) training program for firefighters downed on fire scene and 31 in the control group were given the Korean Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and CPR for the general public (KA-CPR) training program for 80 minutes each, and the difference in the amount of change in performance from before to after the training was compared. The analysis showed that the experimental group had a significant decrease in time to first chest compression (t= -48.76, p< .001), compression depth (t= -9.05, p< .001), compression rate (t= -11.26, p< .001), hands off time (t= -29.26, p< .001) and a significant increase in chest compression position accuracy (t= 23.61, p< .001) than the control group. Therefore, FD-CPR has a greater effect on CPR performance compared to KA-CPR, so if it can be added to the training courses for firefighters at Fire Service Academy nationwide, it will contribute to improving the survival rate of victims of cardiac arrest firefighters downed at the fire scene.

This study examines how attribution patterns influence climate change response behaviors in South Korea. Analyzing data from 1,898 South Korean respondents, the research investigates the impact of external attribution (blaming others or external factors) on climate action while controlling for established predictors from risk perception paradigms and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Regression analysis confirms that external attribution negatively affects climate change response behaviors (β=-0.046, p<0.01), supporting the hypothesis that attributing climate change causes and solutions to external factors reduces willingness to engage in climate-responsive actions. However, personal norms (β=0.218), sense of control (β=0.183), and knowledge (β=0.138) emerged as stronger predictors of climate action. The findings suggest that effective climate communication strategies should emphasize personal responsibility and agency, enhance climate knowledge, frame climate action in terms of benefits rather than threats, and recognize existing personal responsibility rather than attempting to instill it from scratch.

This study aims to evaluate the structural and operational challenges in China's current rainstorm emergency management system and to propose practical policy solutions for enhancing urban resilience. This research identifies five critical determinants of emergency management efficiency: (1) government coordination capacity, (2) grassroots flood response capability, (3) effectiveness of information dissemination systems, (4) satisfaction with community flood control infrastructure, and (5) residents’ awareness of flood risks. The findings reveal that all 5 factors significantly and positively impact the overall efficiency of rainstorm emergency management. Notably, coordination efficiency and infrastructure satisfaction emerge as the most influential predictors. This study’s policy recommendations include strengthening long-term climate adaptation frameworks, enhancing interdepartmental and cross-regional coordination, investing in grassroots response infrastructure and training, deploying intelligent early warning systems leveraging big data and AI, improving public flood risk literacy through targeted education, and promoting sponge city strategies to build sustainable urban resilience.

High-quality industrial safety training is crucial for minimizing workplace accidents, especially in multilingual and multicultural settings. However, current training often neglects the cognitive limitations and contextual needs of adult learners. This conceptual paper proposes a framework that combines Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) with andragogical principles to bridge these gaps. The goal is to balance intrinsic, extraneous, and germane cognitive loads while matching adult motivations and experiences. The model uses a multilayered instructional design that considers learner characteristics, processing strategies, and scenario-based techniques. Key training challenges include language barriers, cognitive overload, and cultural mismatches. The framework offers comprehensive strategies for recognizing hazards, improving retention, and transferring behavior. The implications for employers, educators, and policymakers are explored, particularly in supporting migrant workers. The model provides a scalable, flexible solution for enhancing safety training globally.

This study aimed to empirically examine how national relief services influence the resolution of disaster conflicts. To achieve this, the sub-factors of national relief services were categorized into economic support, healthcare services, psychological counseling, and environmental and facility recovery, and logistic regression analysis was conducted. For the analysis, data from the fourth wave (2019) of the Disaster Victims’ Life Changes Tracking Survey collected by the National Disaster Management Research Institute were utilized. The results identified factors influencing the resolution of disaster-related conflicts, including gender, educational attainment, PTSD, life-threatening experiences, healthcare services, psychological counseling, and environmental and facility restoration. Among these, the healthcare domain within national relief services was found to have the highest odds ratio and a positive impact on resolving conflicts caused by natural disasters.

This paper examines the environmental impact of pandemic-induced telework in California by analyzing the change in carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector between 2019 and 2020. Utilizing sectoral data, atmospheric measurements, and radiocarbon indicators, we identify a 16.5 percent decrease in transportation-related CO₂emissions, correlating with a substantial reduction in commuter traffic during the state's Stay at Home order. Supporting evidence from field observations and annual greenhouse gas inventories confirms that this reduction was the most prominent in freeway enhancements and urban fossil fuel contributions. The findings demonstrate the measurable climate benefits of structural telework adoption and suggest that maintaining or institutionalizing telework could serve as a viable long-term mitigation strategy. Policy recommendations include formalizing hybrid telework practices, expanding carbon tracking infrastructure, and integrating telework into California’s sustainability mandates. The results provide actionable insight into how behavioral shifts in work culture can serve as effective tools for emissions reduction.

This study explores the job satisfaction of General Disaster Managers (GDMs), who are responsible for disaster management in super high-rise and complex buildings with underground connections. As these structures increase in urban areas, the role of GDMs becomes more critical. Using a survey of eight job satisfaction items from the ‘Korea Network for Occupations and Workers’ (KNOW), data were collected from 95 GDMs and compared with ten other major job classifications. Results show GDMs ranked lowest in salary satisfaction, overall job satisfaction, and willingness to support their children choosing the same job. Despite their high responsibility, GDMs feel undervalued and inadequately compensated. Conversely, GDMs scored relatively higher in social contribution, job security, and growth potential, indicating recognition of the job’s social importance. The study calls for policy reforms to improve compensation and working conditions, alongside efforts to enhance the profession’s public image. Future research should include longitudinal and qualitative approaches to capture deeper insights.

Youth migration has become a critical issue for regional sustainability in depopulating areas. This study examines life-stage differences in migration behavior, migration reasons, and factors associated with settlement intention in Nonsan, a depopulating city in Chungcheongnam-do. Using domestic migration statistics and a survey of 245 young residents, the study estimates a pooled logistic regression model of settlement intention. Administrative data show life-stage differences: early-stage youth are more strongly associated with education- and job-related out-migration, whereas later-stage youth show more housing-related mobility. In the survey analysis, women had lower settlement intention than men (OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.23–0.76), whereas residents with seven or more years of residence reported higher settlement intention than those with shorter residence (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.13–4.00). Although life stage showed no independent effect, adding satisfaction with youth policy, local living infrastructure, and quality of life improved model fit, highlighting the importance of living conditions in shaping settlement intention. These findings highlight the importance of local living conditions for youth settlement in depopulating regions.

This study explores the impact of a modified cooperative learning application on the communication skills and learning experiences of nursing students within a health statistics course. A mixed-method approach was employed, involving 39 nursing students who participated in a 10-week modified cooperative learning module integrated with both theoretical and practical sessions of the health statistics curriculum. Quantitative measures were used to assess changes in communication skills, while qualitative feedback was collected to analyze students' learning experiences. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in communication skills post-intervention (from 3.71±0.42 to 4.03±0.48, p < .001). Qualitative analysis highlighted enhanced student engagement and cooperation through active participation and interactions. The findings suggest that modified cooperative learning can effectively enhance communication skills and provide a positive learning experience, supporting its potential as an alternative teaching strategy in nursing education.