Earticle

Migration from rural areas of Nepal has resulted in the formation of squatter settlements in the urban Kathmandu Valley. High unemployment and day-to-day struggles is the major crisis to survive that has compelled people living in rural areas to leave their places of birth in search of a better life in the city. This paper explores different livelihood strategies adopted by the poor residing as squatters in Manohara squatter and crisis management issues using Department for International Development’s (DFID) livelihood framework. The paper further provides a better picture of the state of affairs which has been used by the urban poor to support their urban livelihoods along with various coping strategies to deal with different kinds of risks and vulnerabilities in absence and presence of different kinds of capital asset. The findings of the study show that squatters are employed in formal (15%) informal (30%) as well as self-employed (45%) where 34% of the residents who are solely dependent upon wage labour are living under extreme poverty. Greater (56%) building material contains brick and block with roof Tin. Social assest is the determinant of all other remaining assets (financial, human, physical as well as natural). Poor people suffer from risk of social exclusion unemployment, uncertainty of income and indebtedness, food insecurity, deteriorating health and tenure insecurity also characterize poorest life in Manohara squatter.

In recent years, frequent vaccine safety events in China have become a serious public health problem. Especially in the new media era, vaccine safety events have received close attention from the public as well as the government. If they are not handled properly, many potential risk factors will be brought to social stability, the credibility and authority of the government will be affected. And many negative impacts will be brought to China national immunization program. In this paper, we summarized the inadequacies of vaccine event research, and analyzed the risk factors of vaccine in R&D, transportation, storage, vaccination and other parts. Based on the double perspectives of supervision and disposal, we constructed a risk analysis framework for vaccine safety events. Taking the 2016 Shandong Vaccine Event as an example, we analyzed the mechanism of the occurrence, development, evolution and termination of vaccine evens, and summarized the possible social risks caused by vaccine events. Taking the 2018 Changchun Changsheng Vaccine Event as an example, we analyzed the emergency response network attributes of vaccine event based on the complex network theory, including structural characteristics, organizational functions and overall performance. In view of the above research conclusions, we put forward countermeasures for vaccine events that are suitable for China’s national conditions, with a view to improving the risk control and emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies.

The purpose of this study was to make the concept of resilience as a basis of nursing practice, research and education related to stress response and adaptation by analyzing and clarifying the concept analysis procedures of Walker & Avant (2005). This study compiled the concept of resilience by reviewing and defining its meaning and drew three properties. The identified attributes were first, the measure of adversity itself, secondly, internal and external characteristics of individuals, thirdly, psychosocial health, achievement of developmental tasks, and satisfaction with life. The results are expected to serve as basic data onto intervention to strengthen the resilience of individuals as well as communities.

The core proposition of the complexity theory that‘the world is complex’has a similar implication to the statement that ‘disasters assume uncertainty’. Despite the great similarity of crisisonomy to the complexity paradigm, relevant discourses are not well-documented in Korea. Linking the science of complexity systems to crisisonomy is highly feasible in terms of utility and potentiality. This paper focuses on demonstrating that the frequency of floods in Asia and resultant damage (human fatalities) carry a notable attribute called complexity. The analysis findings are straightforward. The complexity paradigm is conducive to studying on disaster events and preparedness, which this paper demonstrates by illuminating the complexity paradigm manifest in the analyzed empirical case data of disasters emphasized in crisisonomy.