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While the Korean National Assembly, a symbol of representative and majoritarian democracy, was found to lack problem-solving ability on political issues that had attracted public attention, the Korean Constitutional Court emerged as a new problem- solver. A very large proportion of the high-profile cases brought for decision to the Constitutional Court involved intense political controversies which might have led to political crisis. The state of the presidential impeachment is both a crisis of democracy and a crisis of the Constitution. The resolution of the problem was concluded by the judicial judgment of the Constitutional Court, and the two governance crises in 2004 and 2016 ended in considerable stability in the fields of politics, administration, economy, and society. The Constitutional Court can help the political process and the virtuous cycle of deliberation through constitutional trials. In order for the Constitutional Court to preserve its independence in a dynamic political surroundings and continue to play the role of protecting the Constitution, it needs the development of democracy and autonomous public support and monitoring.

Good communication between members contributes to coordinating and resolving conflicts within the organization (Lee et. al., 2012). There was a special office space on the 3rd floor of the main building of Cheongju City Hall. That was BICHAENAUM, named after "Empty, fill, and share, and newness springs up." In BICHAENAUM, about 50 officers from three departments worked freely in an open space. In this study, in preparation for the expansion of spatial innovation in the Cheongju City Hall, was to analyze the work relevance by the department and refer to the arrangement of departments with high relevance in the same space. The working relationship between departments was examined through social network analysis. As a result, departments in Cheongju City Hall were classified into 9 groups. In the long term, we hope that this study will serve as a basis for achieving the goal of improving working methods for spatial innovation.

In national and social crises, high-quality nursing education in the undergraduate program is essential to improve the clinical nursing competency and problem-solving ability of nurses who are nursing mediators. The purpose of this study is to develop and apply an online nursing training simulation program for nursing students and test its effectiveness. The study used a quasi-experimental, single group and a pre and posttest design. The program improved the participants' clinical competency and problem-solving ability scores, and it was found that the online nursing training simulation program was an effective intervention for the clinical performance and problem-solving ability of nursing students. The online nursing training simulation program developed in this study enables repeated training while minimizing the burden on learners. In addition, it can be applied without time and space restrictions in a continuous infection situation such as COVID 19. In the future, based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop various online nursing practice contents. In addition it is suggested that long-term follow-up studies will be conducted to verify the persistence of effects through repeated measurements.

The aim of this study was to analyse the inflow and outflow of critically ill emergency patients in Korea using the National Emergency Department Information System data of the last five years (2014-2018). Using the relevance index (RI) and the commitment index (CI) for analysis, the optimal number of clusters was determined. Moreover, K-means cluster analysis was performed using the determined number of clusters in cities, counties, and districts across the country. The difference between the RI and the CI clusters by year was analysed. The total data analysed included 5,551,616 critically ill emergency patients. The most appropriate number of clusters was two for the years 2014-2018. Cluster 1 was a patient outflow region with a l ow R I and high C I. C luster 2 w as a p atient i nflow region w ith a high RI and low C I. T here w ere no significant differences in the RI and CI each year based on the patient inflow of c ritically i ll emergency patients. In an annual comparison of the CI, significant differences were noted between 2014 and 2017. We expect to use such results to develop a plan for introducing an emergency medical system tailored to each region and for formulating an emergency medical policy.

This study is an investigative study to determine the degree of anxiety-attachment, self-esteem, and loneliness of university students, to identify the relationship between these variables, and to explore the degree of influence on loneliness. The subjects of this study were 235 University students. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program. The anxiety attachment average was 54.84 (18.00 to 109.00), the self-esteem average was 31.75 (11.00 to 40.00), and the loneliness scored an average 38.37 (20.00 to 72.00). In Model 1, it was found that the personal characteristics did not statistically significantly explain the loneliness of the subjects. In Model 2, psychological characteristics were added to show 58.5% of explanatory power, and anxiety-attachment (β=.24, p<.001), self-esteem (β=-.62, p<.001) was found to be an important influencing factor explaining loneliness. In conclusion, it is believed that it is possible to reduce the loneliness of research subjects in early adulthood by studying ways to increase self-esteem of university students.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of optimism and self-esteem on resilience in university students. A total of 127 university students were surveyed on optimism, self-esteem, and resilience. The collected data were analyzed using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and multilevel multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, university students displayed a statistically significant positive correlation between optimism, self-esteem, and resilience. Second, the factors that most significantly affected resilience in college student were self-esteem (β = .59, p < .001) and optimism (β = .25, p = .001). and these factors explained 62.5% of resilience. Through this study, we looked for approaches to enhance optimism and self-esteem and ultimately improve resilience in university students. It is hoped that this study will be used I meaningfully in follow-up research.