Earticle

The purpose of this study is to review the current researches and to suggest the future directions of using IoT in disaster management. Natural hazards such as earthquake, floods, and landslides can be proved to be great harm to human being. The internet of things (IOT) plays a vital role in disaster management and preparation. The future directions of IoT utilization in managing natural disasters can be suggested as follows. First, it is necessary to use IoT to predict the occurrence of disasters and predict the extent of damage by embedding technology into objects that can cause natural disasters. Second, although the IoT itself has high utility, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of disaster management connecting with artificial intelligence (AI), big data analysis, cloud computing, and drones. Third, IoT, AI, robots, drones, and big data must be connected and utilized in proper manner. Fourth, for disaster management based on advanced technologies including IoT, it is urgently required to train experts who can use it at all times.

Despite fierce strategic competition, the United States and China reached to a breakthrough agreement at COP26. This article addresses how and why the two superpowers chose to cooperate on environment and energy. Scientific evidence of global warming pressured the largest and second-largest carbon emitters to bear the responsibility and burden of climate change. In addition, there has been a growing interdependence between them since the Obama administration. As the US became an oil and gas exporting country in the late 2010, the Trump administration pushed ahead with selling oil and gas surpluses to China that rapidly increased energy imports. In pursuit of a Global Green New Deal, the Biden administration made efforts to help China achieve carbon neutrality as early as possible. For China, natural gas can be a second-best option during energy transition because it emits less carbon than coal. US gas also contributes to diversifying energy imports. These mutual interests played a crucial role in insulating climate change cooperation from strategic competition.

This study is to analyze the effect of social capital and basic life satisfaction on citizens' happiness, focusing on moderating effect of volunteering and giving. As a result of the analysis, satisfactions of family relationship, income and consumption have no effect on happiness. And basic life infrastructure, social security institution, culture and leisure have no effect on happiness. Besides, social capitals have positive effects on happiness in part. In other words, citizen trust does not affect happiness but community sense, associate activities, giving and volunteering affect happiness. And as the results of moderating effect of charitable behaviors, interaction between volunteering and healthcare service, interaction between giving and citizen trust and interaction between giving and self-respect for region have positive effects on happiness. Based on this, policy directions to enhance charitable behaviors as a risk management tool and to promote happiness are as follows. First, role sharing through public-private partnerships is necessary. Second, the vitalization of civil society is important to enhance philanthropic activities.

The enforcement of the Severe Accident Punishment Act will be implemented from January 27, 2022, and it is expected for the protection of fundamental rights at work and the responsibility of the corporations about homicide by negligence to be reinforced. Accordingly, this study intends to base on the corporate homicide by negligence in the United Kingdom that was implemented in 2007 to consider the case by focusing on the limits after the execution of the act and provide base data for the establishment of safety rights for the laborers of the future society in South Korea. Based on the case in the United Kingdom, the points that were criticized included the following; first, the fewer cases of indictment than expected, second, the limits in holding subjects accountable for responsibility, and third, difficulties in vindicating the severe ‘infringement.’ This is considered as a limit that could occur in South Korea followed by the implementation of the Severe Accident Punishment Act.

When disasters occur, older people are more at risk than other age groups. This is because physical fitness, hearing, and vision deteriorate due to aging, and physical movement is not easy. Nevertheless, there are insufficient studies on accurate identification of the elderly who have disaster-safety vulnerabilities, and the recognition and behavior of the disaster risks of the elderly. In the age of aging, it is necessary to prepare systematic measures against disaster vulnerability and to promote resilience for the elderly. And it is urgent to implement practical disaster safety policies for the elderly as disaster-vulnerable people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the disaster vulnerability of elderly people and to improve their resilience in the age of aging. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, we examine the current status of the elderly people's disaster vulnerability, including the current status of the elderly and their recognition of disaster safety. This paper suggests: disaster vulnerability management that reflects the disaster vulnerability and desire of the elderly, legal and institutional support for enhancing the resilience of disaster recovery of the elderly, the development, education, and training with disaster-response manuals for the elderly.